italian coast guard sar operations to cope with migration ... · to cope with migration flows...
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ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Italian Coast Guard SAR operations
to cope with migration flows across the
Mediterranean Sea
ISU Associate Members’ DayLONDON – 22nd MARCH 2017
Plans and Operations DepartmentRear Admiral (ITCG) Nicola Carlone
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
SUMMARY
ITALIAN COAST GUARD: ROLE AND FUNCTIONS
SEARCH&RESCUE AND BORDER CONTROL: LEGAL FRAMEWORK
THE SCENARIO OF CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN: SAR AND BORDER CONTROL
MIGRATION FLOWS BY SEA: TRENDS AND ANALYSIS
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Ministry of
Cultural
Heritage and
Tourism
MINISTRY OF
AGRICULTURE
FOOD AND
FISHERY
CIVIL
PROTECTION
DEPARTMENT
MINISTRY OF
INTERIOR
MINISTRY OF
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY OF
DEFENSE
MINISTRY OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
AND TRANSPORT
Ministry of
Labour
ROLE AND FUNCTIONSNational framework
1
JUDICIAL AUTHORITY
JUDICIAL POLICE
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
22 UNITS
2 UNITS
1 UNIT600 coastal patrol
vessels of 15 different Classes
deployed in more
than
100Coast Guard Regional
Commands
ROLE AND FUNCTIONSITCG Assets
940 Class (Multirole Units with flight deck)LOA: 90 mt.
Max Speed: 18 ktsMax Range: 6.500 NMCrew: 41
920 Class (Fishing controls oriented)LOA: 60 mt. longMax Speed: 13 ktsMax Range: 30.000 NMCrew: 30
300 Class (S.A.R.)Size: 19 mt. longMax Speed: 30 ktsMax Range: 500 NMCrew: 4
1
AW 139 - SAR
Rotary wing component
11 UNITS
Fixed wing component
ATR 42 Multirole3 UNITS1 UNITS
P 180 S.A.R. / Patrol / Transport
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
ROLE AND FUNCTIONSITCG Personnel
1
OFFICERS 1.333
PETTY OFFICERS 4.300
ENLISTED 5.094
TOTAL 10.727
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Montego Bay 1982
SEARCH AND RESCUEInternational – EU - national laws
2
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Country Gaps
Malta SAR region
Libya SAR Region (SRR) not declared
Egypt SAR Convention not ratified
Tunisia SAR Region (SRR) not declared
The first SAR authority (RCC), informed of an actual or potentialemergency, is responsible for the case and shall take all the necessaryaction to co-ordinate the response, until the appropriate RCC takes over(IAMSAR Vol.II – ch. 3).
Italian SRR: ~500.000 km2
SEARCH AND RESCUEMediterranean SAR Regions
Other areas were ITCG
provides SAR
2
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Immediate information
and cooperation
with MRCC
Management of the
case and
coordination
immediate
assistanceEffective SAR
services
Delivery to a Place of
Safety
Obligation for the
Ship Master at sea
Obligation Member
States - MRCCs
SEARCH AND RESCUESAR obligations
2
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE“Every overcrowded boat is a SAR case and possible distress situation”
DISTRESS PHASE starts also without an explicit distress signal
SAR
CASE
SEARCH AND RESCUEAssessment of cases
UNSEAWORTHY boats manned by criminal organization
NO FLAG STATE – NO PROFESSIONAL CREW
ABSENCE/SHORTAGE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT
OVERCROWDED BOATS
PRESENCE OF MEDICAL EMERGENCY
2
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
MARE
SICURO
EUNAVFOR
MED
FRONTEX
TRITON
COOPERATION IN SAR IS A BINDING PRIORITY FOR ALL THE SHIPS IN
CONDITION TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE
NGOsMERCHANT
COMMUNITYITCG
SEARCH AND RESCUECoordination responsibility
2
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Tactic level
MRCC – Rome ITCG Headquarters
Operational level
Air and naval assets atsea
SAR AND BORDER CONTROL
Tactic and Operational levels3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
STEP 3:
BEST RESCUE ASSET
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
STEP 4:
COORDINATION &
CONTROL SAR OPS
STEP 5:
PLACE OF SAFETY
COORDINATION ACTIVITY
STEP 6:
HARBOUR DISEMBARKATION
COORDINATION
STEP 1:
FIRST DISTRESS CALL
RECEIVER
Information dissemination process
STEP 2:
INFORMATION
VERIFICATION PROCESS
Active identification/
coordination loopS.O.P. 09/15
SAR coordination is a complex, dynamic and active operational activity
SAR AND BORDER CONTROLMRCC coordinating action
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
1. S.A.R.
2. BOAT INSPECTION
3. MUSTERING (SHIP ZONING)
4. SECURITY CHECKS
5. HEALTH CARE
6. INVESTIGATION
SAR AND BORDER CONTROLOperational activity at sea
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
APPROACHING THE TARGET
BOARDING OPERATORS
COACHING TARGET AND
RECOVERY MIGRANTS.
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA
1. Search and Rescue3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
COLLECTING EVIDENCES
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA2. Boat inspection
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
0 – counting
1 – massive checks2 – security checks waiting area3 – ID bracelets assignment4 – personal inspections5 – interview and personal items withdrawal6 – photoprinting
- health control and sorting
1
2
5
4
3
6
sickbay
yellow code
0
Men before security
control
Men after security control
Suspicious
persons
Security
control
area
Women,
children
and
elders
after
security
control
Luggage storage
area
Green code
WC
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
To be checked
Already checked
GROUPAGE
metal
detector
INTERVIEW AND PHOTO
REPORTING
INSPECTIONS
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA4. Security checks
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
HEALTH
SCREENING
FIRST AID
ASSISTANCE TO
CHILDREN AND
VULNERABLE
PERSONS
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA5. Health care
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
2015 2016
Custody of suspect migrants smugglersinvestigations conducted by ITCG naval Units personnel
in cooperation with other police forces
111 155
Custody of suspected migrants smugglersinvestigations conducted by Catania and Palermo
Coast Guard Regional Commands in cooperation with
other police forces.
132 142
Arrests/Custody of criminal organizations’affiliates operating in Italyinvestigations conducted by the Special Coast Guard
Investigation Unit under the coordination of the District
Attorney Antimafia Unit of Rome
10 20
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEAResults of ITCG law enforcement action
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Protection of
human rights
First Aid
Medical Care
Search And
Rescue
Combating
smuggling of
human beings
ITCG integrated activity3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
The only way to implement an effective Border Control
service at sea is , firstly, to conduct SAR operations
SAR AND BORDER CONTROLtwo sides of the same coin
3
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
MA
RE N
OSTR
UM
OTT 2
013
-O
TT 2
014
FR
ON
TEX
J.O.T
RIT
ON
SIN
CE N
OV
2014
(STILL IN
PR
OG
RESS)
EU
NA
VFO
R M
ED
MIGRANTS RESCUED UNDER IMRCC COORDINATION FROM 1991: 819.949 (UPDATE 31 DEC 2016)
07/08/1991
1991 – 2013 2014-2016
Gua 22222
38% 62%
Trends since 19914
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2014 2015 2016
950 906
1424 SAR EVENTS 2016: 1424
+ 46,5% compared to 2014
+ 52% compared to 2015
SAR events coordinated by MRCC-Rome
2014-2015-20164
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
2014 2015 20162017
(Jan-Feb)
ITALIAN COAST GUARD (INCLUDING THOSE
under TRITON
38.047 (23 %) 41.341 (27 %) 35.875 (20,1%)4225
ITALIAN NAVY 82.952 (50 %)29.178 (19 %) 36.084 (20,2%)
546
GdF (INCLUDING THOSE IN TRITON OPS) 1.601(1%)6.289 (4%) 1.693 (0,9%)
35
CARABINIERI (IT MILITARY POLICE) 26 (0%)1 (0%) 174 (0,1%)
0
FRONTEX (EXCEPT FOR ITALIAN UNITS) --15.428 (10%) 13.616 (7,6%)
1515
N.G.Os --20.063 (13%) 46.796 (26,2%)
3350
MERCHANT SHIPS42.061 (25%) 16.158 (11%) 13.888 (7,8%)
1583
FOREIGN NAVIES1.683 (1%) 23.885 (16%) 7.404 (4,1%)
0
EUNAVFOR MED OPERATION -- --22.885 (12,8%)
1852
TOTAL 166.370 152.343 178.415 13.106
SAR OPs COORDINATED BY MRCC-Rome
4 Migration flows statistics
2014-2015-2016-2017
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
RESCUED MIGRANTS AND THE NUMBER OF
MIGRANTS RESCUED BY NGO in 2016
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
migrants rescued
migrants rescued byNGO42061
1615813888
20063
46796
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
2014 2015 2016
Migrants rescued in 2014 -2015-2016
MERCHANT VESSELS NGOs
COMPARISON BETWEEN NGOs AND MERCHANT
VESSELS RESCUE OPERATIONS
NGOs and merchant vessels
contribution in SAR ops4
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
DateSimultaneous
SAR CasesPeople rescued
23 June 41 5.249
26 June 27 3.261
5 July 37 4.602
19 July 26 3.757
29 July 34 3.582
28 August 12 1.295
29 August 53 6.953
30 August 34 3.623
31 August 13 1.891
3 October 42 6.046
4 October 35 4804
In 96h
13.763 people
112 SAR cases
In 48h
10.850 people
77 SAR cases
TOP 2016TOP 2016
2016 Most critical days4
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
2016 Most critical days
29 August: the tremendous day4
Simultaneous
SAR
Persons
rescued
58
6.952
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
OP V S I E M P I LOT
E NT E RPR ISE
GARI BALD I
IT COAST GUARD3 X 300 CLASSOPV FIORILLO
Merchantvessel
ASSO 25
JAM E S JOI C E
MRCC - ROME
C I GALA FU LGOS I
FAS AN
L I BE C C I O
S F I NGE
FOREIGN NAVAL
ISOLATED ASSETS
14 ASSETS COORDINATED BY
MRCC-Rome
4 2016 Most critical days
29 August: the tremendous day
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Mersin
ITALY SRR
Main flow
Secondary flow
Flow suspended during 2015
(DATA PROVIDED BY ITCG / ITALIAN MOI)
ROUTE ANALYSIS4
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
TOP 5 NATIONALITIES 2014-2015-20164
42323
34329
9938 9000 8707
Siria Eritrea Mali Nigeria Gambia
38612
21886
121768909 8123
Eritrea Nigeria Somalia Sudan Gambia
37551
20718
13342 12396 11929
Nigeria Eritrea Guinea Ivory Coast Gambia
2016
SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
2014 2015
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Men Women Children
129080
24133 2822310087
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2014 2015 2016
13024 12360
25846
Unaccompanied minors
SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
1086 1933
YEAR 2016
YEAR 2017 (Jan-Feb)
Migration flows analysis based on
migrants GENDER AND AGE4
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
45%
55%
nr. 638 distress call by satellite phone
nr. 786 sights
80%
45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2015 2016
% presence of satellite phone onboard of migrant boats
938
1424
747
638
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2015 2016
A) DECREASE OF SATELLITE PHONES ON BOARD
SAR Events
Sat phones call
4 UNSAFE CONDITIONTS
of migration flows
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
2015 2016 2017 Jan-Feb
RUBBER BOATS
SMALL WOODEN BOATS
WOODEN BOATS
In the 2016 :- increment of the use of RUBBER boats- significant decrease of wooden boats- use of small boats (10-15 metres) with at least 20-50 migrants on board
B) USE OF UNSEAWORTHY BOATS AND NIGHT TIME DEPARTURE
C) INCREASED USE OF INFLATABLE BOATS
The number of migrants on board of rubber boats has risen from 100 to 150
persons, in some cases more than 200, with a higher probability of shipwreck.
This factor is the main cause of increased SAR ops, doubling from 2015 to 2016
RESCUED BOATS
2017 (jan-feb)
RUBBER BOATS 84
SMALL WOODEN BOATS
32
WOODEN BOATS 10
OTHERS 2
TOTALI 128
UNSAFE CONDITIONTS
of migration flows4
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
2012
4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of
migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS
OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
20122013
4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of
migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS
OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
201220132014
4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of
migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS
OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
2012201320142015
4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of
migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS
OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
20122013201420152016
4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of
migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS
OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Deaths/missing cases:
2016 tragedies at sea4
3.793
62
416
Bodies recovered
323
4.2712016 registered the highest
number of migrant deaths
15 november 2016
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS
Births on board
2016 new hopes4
3 babies
ITCG Dattilo
3 November
1 baby
Ship Bettica
26 June
1 baby
ITCG 274
30 August
ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS 3
Criminal business and
lack of legal ways for migration
A rough estimate of the yearly turnover of migrant smuggling can be produced
by multiplying the approximate number of irregular migrants reaching the EU,
most of whom were facilitated, with the average cost of the facilitation services
provided by migrant smuggling networks. Overall, the estimated criminal
turnover associated with migrant smuggling to and within the EU is between EUR
3 - 6 billion for 2015 alone.
(europol february 2016 report)
MIGRATION FLOW BY SEA: A BUSINESS FOR THE CRIMINAL NETWORK
4