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Imagining ByzantiumPerceptions, Patterns, Problems

Alena Alshanskaya · Andreas Gietzen · Christina Hadjiafxenti (eds)

Byzantium the other. Byzantium the pompous. Byzantium the eternal. The mere existence of this em-pire with his rich history and otherness from western European traditions spurred the minds of scholars, noblemen, politicians and ordinary people throughout its survival and long beyond its final downfall in 1453. Neglecting its great political and cultural influence on neighbouring countries and beyond, Enligh-tenment writers stripped Byzantium of its original historical reality and thus created a model, which could be utilised in very different constructs, stretching from positive to absolutely negative connotations. With the rise of new nationalisms, primarily in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, and the associated politically inspired historical (re)constructions in the 19th and 20th century, the reception of Byzantium gained new facets, its perception reached into new dimensions. In this volume, we would like to shed some light on these patterns and the problems they entail, and show the different ways in which »Byzantium« was used as an argument in nation-building and in constructing new historiographical narratives, and how its legacy endured in ecclesiastical historiography.

Byzanz zwischen Orient und Okzident: Veröffentlichungen des Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Mainz

Die Reihe Byzanz zwischen Orient und Okzident wird vom Vorstand des gleichnamigen Leibniz-Wissen schaftsCampus Mainz, einer seit 2011 bestehenden Kooperation des Römisch-Germanischen Zentral museums und der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz sowie weiterer Kooperationspartner, herausgegeben.Die Reihe dient als Publikationsorgan für das Forschungsprogramm des Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus, das Byzanz, seine Brückenfunktion zwischen Ost und West sowie kulturelle Transfer- und Rezeptionsprozesse von der Antike bis in die Neuzeit in den Blick nimmt. Die Methoden und Untersuchungsgegenstände der verschiedenen Disziplinen, die sich mit Byzanz beschäftigen, werden dabei jenseits traditioneller Fächer-grenzen zusammengeführt, um mit einem historisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Zugang Byzanz und seine materielle und immaterielle Kultur umfassend zu erforschen.

Byzanz zwischen Orient und Okzident | 11Veröffentlichungen des Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Mainz

Der Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Mainz ist eine Forschungskooperation des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums und der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz

Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums | Mainz | 2018

Alena Alshanskaya · Andreas Gietzen · Christina Hadjiafxenti (eds)

Imagining ByzantiumPerceptions, Patterns, Problems

Redaktion: Stefan Albrecht (RGZM), Joe Paul Kroll, WiesbadenSatz: Stefan Albrecht (RGZM)Umschlaggestaltung: Claudia Nickel (RGZM); Detail of the Major ­Sakkos‘­Front:­Grand­Prince­Vasilij­I­Dmitrievič­and­his­wife­Grand­Princess Sof’ja (Vitovtovna). After Medieval Embroidery: Medieval Pictorial Embroidery. Byzantium, Balkans, Russia. Catalogue of the Exhibition, XVIIIth­International­Congress­of­Byzantinists,­Moscow,­­August­8-15,­1991­(Moscow­1991)­49.

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der­Deutschen­Nationalbibliografie;­detaillierte­bibliografische­ Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.

ISBN 978-3-88467-310-2

© 2018 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums

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Alena Alshanskaya · Andreas Gietzen · Christina Hadjiafxenti Preface

Jan KusberImagining Byzantium: An Introduction

Günter PrinzingByzantium, Medieval Russia and the So-called Family of Kings. From George Ostrogorsky to Franz Dölger’s Construct and its Critics

Hans-Christian Maner»Byzance après Byzance« – Nicolae Iorga’s Concept and its Aftermath

Dimitris StamatopoulosThe Western Byzantium of Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos

Przemysław­MarciniakOriental­like­Byzantium.­Some­Remarks­on­Similarities­Between­­Byzantinism­and­Orientalism

Kirill­MaksimovičThe­Collection­of­Byzantine­Canon­Law­(»Kniga­pravil«,­1839)­as­a­Legal­Basis­for­the­Russian­Orthodox Church in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Paradoxes, Problems and Perspectives

Alena AlshanskayaThe Reception of Byzantium in Russian Church Historiography

Dimitrios MoschosApproaching the Byzantine Past in the Historical Work of Dositheos of Jerusalem and Meletios of Athens

Christina HadjiafxentiByzantium in Greek Church Historiography of the 19th­Century:­Between­German­Protestant­Influence­and­Greek­Orthodox­Confession

Mihai-D. GrigoreByzantium for Priests. Image of Byzantium in Romanian Theological Textbooks of the Late 20th Century

Lora GerdRussian Imperial Policy in the Orthodox East and its Relation to Byzantine Studies

Andreas GietzenBad­Byzantines:­A­Historical­Narrative­in­the­Liberal­Conception­of­Vladimir­Jovanović

Aleksandar­IgnjatovićNegotiating National Prospects by Capturing the Medieval Past: Byzantium in Serbian Architec-tural History at the Turn of the 20th Century

Table of Contents

Stefan­RohdewaldByzantine »Slavery« as Postcolonial Imagination: »Foreign« Rulers of a »Pure« Bulgarian Nation (1850-1930)

List of Contributors

Sigles Used

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much-needed research on the reception of Byzantium in East-ern and Southeastern Europe up to the 19th and 20th centuries. To­ that­ end,­we­ invited­ researchers­ from­ different­ regions­and­different­ scientific­disciplines­ to­ share­ their­ visions­ and­expertise during our conference »Imagining Byzantium, per-ceptions,­patterns,­problems«,­which­was­held­in­Mainz­from­2­to­4­March­2017.­By­focusing­on­the­fields­of­historiography,­theology and cultural studies, and linking yet transcending their­approaches­to­research,­we­developed­a­perspective­able­to shed some light on the reception and utilisation of Byzan-tium in a highly volatile and ever-changing age. This volume represents the outcome of this conference and hopes to con-tribute to international and interdisciplinary discourse about the­topic­as­well­as­providing­an­impulse­for­further­studies­on the »burdensome intellectual heritage«3 of Byzantinism. This­ conference­would­not­have­been­possible­without­ the­financial­support­of­the­Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft­(Southeast­Europe Association, Munich) and organizational support of the Leibniz­WissenschaftsCampus­Mainz­»Byzanz­zwischen­Orient­und­Okzident«­(Byzantium­between­Orient­and­Occident)­and­the Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte (Mainz).

For­ the­ publication­ of­ this­ volume­we­ owe­ our­ special­gratitude to the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz and to the Internal University Research Funding of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz. We are also very grateful to Joe Paul Kroll for his careful editing and proofread-ing of this volume.

Interest in the reception of historical »entities« and the cor-responding construction of historical narratives during the process of modern nation-building has increasingly moved to the­centre­of­research.­In­the­face­of­new­nationalisms,­pri-marily in Eastern and Southeastern Europe and the associated politically inspired historical (re)constructions, the reception of Byzantium requires professional historical expertise not only for the sake of disarming the politically committed interpre-tation­of­history­but­also­of­securing­the­scientific­integrity­of­history, especially of such »small« historical disciplines as Byz-antine studies. Dimiter Angelov grasped the essence of the problem­when­he­said:­»[…]­Byzantinism,­originating­from­the stereotyping and essentializing of a medieval civilization, was­transformed­into­a­popular­construct­used­by­journalists­and politicians, and detached from the original historical real-ity of Byzantium«1. Our research group »The Legacies of Byz-antium«,­situated­within­the­key­subject­area­»Contact­and­Discourse­within­Christianity«­of­the­Leibniz­ScienceCampus­Mainz­»Byzantium­between­Orient­and­Occident«,­aims­to­investigate the impact and reception of Byzantine history and culture in 19th and 20th century Europe and its appropriation and use as an argument.

Following­the­intentions­outlined­by­leading­researchers­in­this­field­2,­who­have­already­devoted­much­important­research­to phenomena of reception in literature, architecture and art history, music, philosophy and historiographical studies after 1453­and­into­the­early­modern­age,­we­intended­to­carry­out­

Bibliography

Angelov, Byzantinism: D. G. Angelov, Byzantinism: The Imaginary and Real Heritage of Byzantium in Southeastern Europe. In: D. Keridis et al.­(eds),­New­Approaches­to­Balkan­Studies­(Dulles­VA­2003)­3-23.

Ignjatović,­Byzantium’s­Apt­Inheritors:­A.­Ignjatović,­Byzantium’s­Apt­Inheri-tors, Serbian Historiography, Nation-Building and Imperial Imagination, 1882-1941.­Slavonic­and­East­European­Review­94/1,­2016,­57-92.

Kolovou, Byzanzrezeption in Europa: F. Kolovou (ed.), Byzanzrezeption in Europa, Spurensuche über das Mittelalter und die Renaissance bis in die­Gegenwart.­Byzantinisches­Archiv­24­(Berlin­2012).

Marciniak­/­Smythe,­Reception:­P.­Marciniak­/­D.­C.­Smythe­(eds),­The­Re-ception of Byzantium in European Culture since 1500 (Farnham 2016).

Mishkova,­ Afterlife:­ D.­ Mishkova,­ The­ Afterlife­ of­ a­ Commonwealth:­Narratives of Byzantium in the National Historiographies of Greece,

Bulgaria,­Serbia­and­Romania.­ In:­R.­Daskalov­ /­A.­Vezenkov­ (eds),­Entangled Histories of the Balkans; 3: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies (Leiden 2015) 118-273.

Nilsson­/­Stephenson,­ Wanted:­ Byzantium:­ I.­ Nilsson­ /­ P.­ Stephenson,­Wanted: Byzantium, The Desire for a lost Empire. Studia Byzantina Upsaliensia­15­(Uppsala­2014).

1 Angelov, Byzantinism 11.2­ Cf.­Ignjatović,­Byzantium’s­Apt­Inheritors.­–­Kolovou,­Byzanzrezeption­in­Europa.­–­Marciniak­/­Smythe,­Reception.­–­Mishkova,­Afterlife.­–­Nilsson­/­Stephenson,­Wanted: Byzantium.

3 Angelov, Byzantinism 18.

Preface