ilri process and partnership for pro-poor policy change can ilri hope to influence pro-poor policy...
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ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Can ILRI hope to influence pro-poor policy change through research?
John Young, ODI, UKDannie Romney, ILRI, Kenya
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Outline⢠The research-policy nexus: Current theory
and practice (John Young, ODI)
⢠Process and partnership for pro-poor policy change (Dannie Romney, ILRI)
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Definitions⢠Research: âany systematic effort to increase the
stock of knowledgeâ
⢠Policy: a âpurposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actorsâ
â Agendas / policy horizons
â Official statements documents
â Patterns of spending
â Implementation processes
â Activities on the ground
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Policy Processes- Identify a policy problem
- Commission research
- Assess the results
- Select the best policy
- Establish the policy framework
- Implement the policy
- The problem is solved
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
RealityâŚâ˘ âThe whole life of policy is a chaos of purposes
and accidents. It is not at all a matter of the rational implementation of the so-called decisions through selected strategies 1â
⢠âMost policy research on African agriculture is irrelevant to agricultural and overall economic policy in Africa2â
1 - Clay & Schaffer (1984), Room for Manoeuvre; An Exploration of Public Policy in Agricultural and Rural Development, Heineman Educational Books, London2 â Omamo (2003), Policy Research on African Agriculture: Trends, Gaps, and Challenges, International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) Research Report No 21
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Existing theory1. Linear model2. Percolation model, Weiss3. Tipping point model, Gladwell4. âContext, evidence, linksâ framework, ODI5. Policy narratives, Roe6. Systems model (NSI)7. External forces, Lindquist8. âRoom for manoeuvreâ, Clay & Schaffer9. âStreet level bureaucratsâ, Lipsky10. Policy as social experiments, Rondinelli11. Policy Streams & Windows, Kingdon12. Disjointed incrementalism, Lindquist13. The âtipping pointâ, Gladwell14. Crisis model, Kuhn15. âFramework of possible thoughtâ,
Chomsky16. Variables for Credibility, Beach17. The source is as important as content,
Gladwell
18. Linear model of communication, Shannon19. Interactive model, 20. Simple and surprising stories,
Communication Theory21. Provide solutions, Marketing Theory I22. Find the right packaging, Marketing II23. Elicit a response, Kottler24. Translation of technology, Volkow25. Epistemic communities26. Policy communities27. Advocacy coalitions etc, Pross28. Negotiation through networks, Sebattier29. Shadow networks, Klickert30. Chains of accountability, Fine31. Communication for social change,
Rockefeller32. Wheels and webs, Chapman & Fisher
www.odi.org.uk/rapid/lessons/theory
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Existing theory â a short list⢠Policy narratives, Roe⢠Systems of Innovation Model, (NSI)⢠âRoom for manoeuvreâ, Clay & Schaffer⢠âStreet level bureaucratsâ, Lipsky⢠Policy as social experiments, Rondene⢠Policy streams and policy windows, Kingdon⢠Disjointed Incrementalism, Lindblom⢠Social Epidemics, Gladwell
⢠The RAPID Framework
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
An Analytical Framework
The political context â political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc.
The evidence â credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc
External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc
The links between policyand research communities â networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge etc.
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Case Studies⢠Sustainable Livelihoods: The
Evolution of DFID Policy
⢠The PRSP Initiative: Research in Multilateral Policy Change
⢠The adoption of Ethical Principles in Humanitarian Aid post Rwanda
⢠Animal Health Care in Kenya: Evidence fails to influence Policy
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
A Practical Framework
External Influences political context
evidencelinks
Politics and Policymaking
Media, Advocacy, Networking Research,
learning & thinking
Scientific information exchange & validation
Policy analysis, & research
Campaigning, Lobbying
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
What you need to know⢠The external environment: Who are the key actors?
What is their agenda? How do they influence the political context?
⢠The political context: Is there political interest in change? Is there room for manoeuvre? How do they perceive the problem?
⢠The evidence: Is it there? Is it relevant? Is it practically useful? Are the concepts familiar or new? Does it need re-packaging?
⢠Links: Who are the key individuals? Are there existing networks to use? How best to transfer the information? The media? Campaigns?
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
What researchers need to doWhat researchers need to know
What researchers need to do
How to do it
Political Context:
Evidence
Links
⢠Who are the policymakers?⢠Is there demand for ideas?⢠What is the policy process?
⢠What is the current theory?⢠What are the narratives?⢠How divergent is it?
⢠Who are the stakeholders?⢠What networks exist?⢠Who are the connectors,
mavens and salesmen?
⢠Get to know the policymakers.⢠Identify friends and foes.⢠Prepare for policy
opportunities. ⢠Look out for policy windows.
⢠Work with them â seek commissions
⢠Strategic opportunism â prepare for known events + resources for others
⢠Establish credibility⢠Provide practical solutions⢠Establish legitimacy.⢠Present clear options⢠Use familiar narratives.
⢠Build a reputation⢠Action-research⢠Pilot projects to generate
legitimacy⢠Good communication
⢠Get to know the others⢠Work through existing
networks.⢠Build coalitions.⢠Build new policy networks.
⢠Build partnerships.⢠Identify key networkers,
mavens and salesmen.⢠Use informal contacts
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Policy entrepreneurs
Storytellers
Engineers
Networkers
Fixers
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Practical ToolsOverarching Tools
- The RAPID Framework - Using the Framework - The Entrepreneurship
Questionnaire
Context Assessment Tools- Stakeholder Analysis - Forcefield Analysis - Writeshops - Policy Mapping - Political Context Mapping Communication Tools
- Communications Strategy- SWOT analysis - Message Design - Making use of the media Research Tools
- Case Studies - Episode Studies - Surveys - Bibliometric Analysis- Focus Group Discussion
Policy Influence Tools- Influence Mapping & Power Mapping - Lobbying and Advocacy - Campaigning: A Simple Guide - Competency self-assessment
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Practical Application
⢠Within ODI⢠Workshops for researchers, policy makers
and activists.⢠Advice to a DFID forest/ground water
research project in India:â Less researchâ More communicationâ Developing champions in regional and national
government â Local, Regional & National advocacy campaign
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Further Information / Resources⢠ODI Working Papers
⢠Bridging Research and Policy Book
⢠Meeting series Monograph
⢠Tools for Policy Impact
⢠RAPID Briefing Paper
⢠www.odi.org.uk/rapid
ILRI Process and Partnership forPro-Poor Policy Change
Yes, but:⢠It this its role?⢠âGlobal Public Goodâ Research vs Policy Advocacy⢠Probably needs to do both:
How?⢠Understand the political context⢠Get the evidence & package it well⢠Strategic networking / lobbying / campaigning⢠CollaborationâŚ.
Can ILRI do it?
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
The New DfID funded Project
Process and partnership for pro-poor policy change
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
⢠Project Leaders: ODI / ILRI
⢠Key collaborators: ECAPAPA
⢠Case study collaborators in Kenya: â MoLFD / KARIâ Range of NGOs & other SDP partners
Why would I be interested?ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
⢠Not all research is expected or intended to lead to policy change, but there may be;â Specific cases where research is expected to;
⢠provide evidence for policy change⢠identify potential policies (or impact of)⢠influence the policy making process
(advocacy)â Cases where speculative research becomes
relevant because of changes in circumstance
The project âŚILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
⢠Ideas for methods and approaches
⢠Lessons learnt from earlier activities
⢠Identification of appropriate communication tools
What will we be doing?ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
⢠Three case studies in three DIFFERENT countries
â A project considered to have influenced policy change
â A stream of research addressing a particular policy area
â A clear policy change;⢠New policy statement⢠New law⢠Irrefutable change in way something is done
What will we be doing?ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
⢠Three case studiesâ SDP and impact on changed view of
informal milk tradeâ ????â ????