illegal drugs. medicine misuse when medicines are used in ways other than intended carelessness...
TRANSCRIPT
Illegal Drugs
Medicine misuse
• When medicines are used in ways other than intended
• Carelessness• Misused intentionally
Substance abuse• Any unnecessary or
improper use of chemical substance for non-medical purposes
• Overuse or multiple use of a drug
Illegal drugs
•Street drugs
•Against the law to manufacture, possess, buy, or sell
Synthetic drugs• Chemical substances
produced artificially in a laboratory.
• Regardless of how they are taken the effects are deadly
Illicit drug use
•Use or sale of any substances that are illegal or otherwise not permitted
Gateway drugs
•Drugs that often lead to other serious and dangerous drug use
•Alcohol and nicotine
Trends in teen drug use• Using drugs at younger ages• 11% of teens age 12 and up use
drugs• More trying heroin• 9% use marijuana• Consider marijuana to be safe
Overdose • A strong or even fatal reaction
to taking a large amount of a drug
• Accidental• Can not control quality, purity,
or strength
Tolerance
•Need more and more to get the same effects
Physiological dependence
• Body develops a chemical need for the drug
• Experiences severe effects when the drug is taken away
Psychological dependence
• Person believes a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally
Withdrawal • Occurs when a person stops
using a drug• Nervousness, insomnia,
severe nausea, headaches, vomiting, chills, cramps, and death
Addiction
•Physiological and psychological dependence on a drug
Costs of substance abuse
• Negatively affects performance in school, sports, relationships and family
• $67 billion burden on society – criminal cost each year
• 5% of the 4 million women give birth to drug addicted babies
Psychoactive drugs• Stimulants – medical use• Depressants – medical use• Narcotics – medical use• Hallucinogens – no
medical use
Stimulants• Drugs that speed up the central nervous system
• commonly abused – amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine
• Nicotine and caffeine
Cause• Increase heart and respiratory• High blood pressure• Dilated pupils• Decrease appetite• Blurred vision• sleeplessness
Chronic users
• Hallucinations• Delusions• Paranoia – irrational
suspiciousness or distrust of others
Amphetamines• Medical use has declined• Used illegally to stay
awake and alert, improve athletic performance, lose weight, temporary high
• Physical and psychological
Euphoria
•Feeling of intense well-being or elation that may be followed by a complete “crash” of letdown
Methamphetamine• Used to treat diseases –
Parkinson’s and obesity• Called crank, speed, or ice• Paranoid or violent• Smoked, snorted, injected or
swallowed
•Food and water not important
•Fumes alone are deadly
Cocaine
• Made from the coca bush• Illegal to use or possess • Powerful stimulant• Effects last from 20 min.
to several hours
• High is followed by a let down – user will want more
• Depression, edginess, weight loss
• Physical dependence
• Tissues damage to nose
• malnutrition
•Risk of heart attack•May disturb electrical impulses in the heart
•HIV – shared needles•Snorted
Crack• Form of cocaine that is
smoked• Converts cocaine into lumps
or rocks – freebase – use dangerous solvents; can cause injury or death – explosion or fire
• Extremely addictive and dangerous
• Effects are felt within seconds – want more when the high starts going away – less than 20 min.
• Sore throat, hoarseness, and lung damage
• Death by cardiac or respiratory failure
Depressants
• Sedatives
• Drugs that to slow down the central nervous system
• Most commonly used - alcohol
• Relax muscles, relieve tension and worry, bring on sleep, slows down heart & breathing, reduces blood pressure
• Physical and psychological
Barbiturates
• Induce sleep• Mood changes, more sleep
than normal, coma• Alcohol + Barbiturates =
death
Tranquilizers• Reduce muscular activity,
coordination, & attention span
• Medical use – relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, & nervousness
Methaqualone
• Reduce anxiety and insomnia
• Temporary euphoria – withdrawals are unpleasant
• Physical
• Physical
• Effects – headaches, diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and coma
• Many die from combining this drug with alcohol
Narcotics
Opiates • Another name for narcotics• Drugs derived from the opium
plant that have a sedative effect• Opium poppy flower• Relieves pain
• Cause drowsiness• Physiological dependence• Cause stupor, sleep, depress
respiration, coma or death• Commonly abused – heroin
Morphine • Reduce severe pain• Terminal cancer patients• Appetite suppressant, cause
severe constipation, addiction• Physical
Codeine
•Weaker than morphine
•Used in cough medication
•Physical
Heroin
• Made from morphine• No medical use• Depresses central nervous
system• Slows breathing and heart rate
• Coma and death• Tolerance develops very
quickly – physical • Babies can be born addicted• Withdrawal is very painful• HIV• Now 10 x purer
Methadone• Laboratory-made drug narcotic
that blocks the withdrawal symptoms of opiate narcotics
• Physical• Does not produce euphoria and
mind-altering effects
Hallucinogens
• Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch
• All hallucinogens are psychological dependence
Phencyclidine
• PCP or angle dust• Considered the most
dangerous drug• Prepared synthetically• Feels distant and detached
• Time pass slowly, body movements slow down, muscle coordination is impaired, and touch and pain are dulled.
• Tragic deaths, serious accidents, and terrible acts of violence
• Overdose and death by strange and destructive behaviors
Lysergic acid diethylamide
• LSD or acid• Most potent of all mood-
altering chemicals• Tablet, capsule, and liquid –
that is colorless, tasteless, and odorless
• Superman effects – false sense of security and power that has resulted in deaths
• Panic , anxiety, or accidental suicide
Mescaline
• Psychoactive ingredient in peyote cactus
• Bad trips or frightening imagines
• Stomach cramps and vomiting
Anabolic steroids• Synthetic testosterone• Causes mood swings and
aggressive behavior• High blood pressure, acne,
baldness, liver damage, heart disease, increase body and facial hair
• Strokes, clogged arteries• Males – depression, low
sperm count, decrease testicles, increase breast size
• Females – breast shrinkage • Muscles look bigger but not
stronger
Cannabis • Hemp plant• Illegal drug• Hallucinogen but has the
effects of both Stimulate and depressant
Tetrahydrocannabinol
•THC
•Produces the “high” in marijuana
•10 x stronger today
Marijuana• Cannabis that is smoked,
eaten, or drunk for intoxicating effects
• Alters senses, coordination, reaction time, impairs decisions making skills
• Lowers body temp, increases heart and blood pressure
• Stimulates the appetite – “munchies” – however lose the effect when one eats
• Talkative, giddy or quiet, withdrawn
• Loss of will power, motivation, lack of energy and paranoia
• Affects memory, difficulty in recalling things and paying attention, slower reaction time
• More carcinogens than cigarettes
• Stronger today than in the 60’s
• Males – lowers hormone testosterone and decreases sperm production
• Females – stillbirths, low birth weight and conditions similar to FAS
• Damaging to respiratory system• Psychological
Hashish
• Hash
• The dark brown resin collected from the tops of the cannabis plant
Inhalants• Substances with breathable
fumes that are sniffed and inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind-altering high
• Many accidental deaths
• Nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, liver and kidney damage, change in bone marrow, brain damage
• Coma or death 1st time used• Suffocation • Peak age of use 14
Designer drugs
• Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of narcotics and hallucinogens
• Ecstasy – methamphetamine and mescaline – Combination of stimulant and hallucinogen
Effects – euphoria, confusion, depression, paranoia, psychosis, increase heart rate and blood pressure, and long term brain damage
Look-alike drugs
•Drugs made so as to physically resemble specific illegal drugs