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Illegal Drugs
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Medicine misuse
• When medicines are used in ways other than intended
• Carelessness• Misused intentionally
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Substance abuse• Any unnecessary or
improper use of chemical substance for non-medical purposes
• Overuse or multiple use of a drug
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Illegal drugs
•Street drugs
•Against the law to manufacture, possess, buy, or sell
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Synthetic drugs• Chemical substances
produced artificially in a laboratory.
• Regardless of how they are taken the effects are deadly
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Illicit drug use
•Use or sale of any substances that are illegal or otherwise not permitted
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Gateway drugs
•Drugs that often lead to other serious and dangerous drug use
•Alcohol and nicotine
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Trends in teen drug use• Using drugs at younger ages• 11% of teens age 12 and up use
drugs• More trying heroin• 9% use marijuana• Consider marijuana to be safe
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Overdose • A strong or even fatal reaction
to taking a large amount of a drug
• Accidental• Can not control quality, purity,
or strength
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Tolerance
•Need more and more to get the same effects
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Physiological dependence
• Body develops a chemical need for the drug
• Experiences severe effects when the drug is taken away
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Psychological dependence
• Person believes a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally
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Withdrawal • Occurs when a person stops
using a drug• Nervousness, insomnia,
severe nausea, headaches, vomiting, chills, cramps, and death
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Addiction
•Physiological and psychological dependence on a drug
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Costs of substance abuse
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• Negatively affects performance in school, sports, relationships and family
• $67 billion burden on society – criminal cost each year
• 5% of the 4 million women give birth to drug addicted babies
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Psychoactive drugs• Stimulants – medical use• Depressants – medical use• Narcotics – medical use• Hallucinogens – no
medical use
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Stimulants• Drugs that speed up the central nervous system
• commonly abused – amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine
• Nicotine and caffeine
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Cause• Increase heart and respiratory• High blood pressure• Dilated pupils• Decrease appetite• Blurred vision• sleeplessness
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Chronic users
• Hallucinations• Delusions• Paranoia – irrational
suspiciousness or distrust of others
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Amphetamines• Medical use has declined• Used illegally to stay
awake and alert, improve athletic performance, lose weight, temporary high
• Physical and psychological
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Euphoria
•Feeling of intense well-being or elation that may be followed by a complete “crash” of letdown
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Methamphetamine• Used to treat diseases –
Parkinson’s and obesity• Called crank, speed, or ice• Paranoid or violent• Smoked, snorted, injected or
swallowed
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•Food and water not important
•Fumes alone are deadly
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Cocaine
• Made from the coca bush• Illegal to use or possess • Powerful stimulant• Effects last from 20 min.
to several hours
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• High is followed by a let down – user will want more
• Depression, edginess, weight loss
• Physical dependence
• Tissues damage to nose
• malnutrition
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•Risk of heart attack•May disturb electrical impulses in the heart
•HIV – shared needles•Snorted
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Crack• Form of cocaine that is
smoked• Converts cocaine into lumps
or rocks – freebase – use dangerous solvents; can cause injury or death – explosion or fire
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• Extremely addictive and dangerous
• Effects are felt within seconds – want more when the high starts going away – less than 20 min.
• Sore throat, hoarseness, and lung damage
• Death by cardiac or respiratory failure
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Depressants
• Sedatives
• Drugs that to slow down the central nervous system
• Most commonly used - alcohol
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• Relax muscles, relieve tension and worry, bring on sleep, slows down heart & breathing, reduces blood pressure
• Physical and psychological
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Barbiturates
• Induce sleep• Mood changes, more sleep
than normal, coma• Alcohol + Barbiturates =
death
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Tranquilizers• Reduce muscular activity,
coordination, & attention span
• Medical use – relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, & nervousness
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Methaqualone
• Reduce anxiety and insomnia
• Temporary euphoria – withdrawals are unpleasant
• Physical
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• Physical
• Effects – headaches, diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and coma
• Many die from combining this drug with alcohol
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Narcotics
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Opiates • Another name for narcotics• Drugs derived from the opium
plant that have a sedative effect• Opium poppy flower• Relieves pain
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• Cause drowsiness• Physiological dependence• Cause stupor, sleep, depress
respiration, coma or death• Commonly abused – heroin
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Morphine • Reduce severe pain• Terminal cancer patients• Appetite suppressant, cause
severe constipation, addiction• Physical
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Codeine
•Weaker than morphine
•Used in cough medication
•Physical
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Heroin
• Made from morphine• No medical use• Depresses central nervous
system• Slows breathing and heart rate
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• Coma and death• Tolerance develops very
quickly – physical • Babies can be born addicted• Withdrawal is very painful• HIV• Now 10 x purer
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Methadone• Laboratory-made drug narcotic
that blocks the withdrawal symptoms of opiate narcotics
• Physical• Does not produce euphoria and
mind-altering effects
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Hallucinogens
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• Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch
• All hallucinogens are psychological dependence
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Phencyclidine
• PCP or angle dust• Considered the most
dangerous drug• Prepared synthetically• Feels distant and detached
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• Time pass slowly, body movements slow down, muscle coordination is impaired, and touch and pain are dulled.
• Tragic deaths, serious accidents, and terrible acts of violence
• Overdose and death by strange and destructive behaviors
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Lysergic acid diethylamide
• LSD or acid• Most potent of all mood-
altering chemicals• Tablet, capsule, and liquid –
that is colorless, tasteless, and odorless
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• Superman effects – false sense of security and power that has resulted in deaths
• Panic , anxiety, or accidental suicide
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Mescaline
• Psychoactive ingredient in peyote cactus
• Bad trips or frightening imagines
• Stomach cramps and vomiting
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Anabolic steroids• Synthetic testosterone• Causes mood swings and
aggressive behavior• High blood pressure, acne,
baldness, liver damage, heart disease, increase body and facial hair
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• Strokes, clogged arteries• Males – depression, low
sperm count, decrease testicles, increase breast size
• Females – breast shrinkage • Muscles look bigger but not
stronger
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Cannabis • Hemp plant• Illegal drug• Hallucinogen but has the
effects of both Stimulate and depressant
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Tetrahydrocannabinol
•THC
•Produces the “high” in marijuana
•10 x stronger today
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Marijuana• Cannabis that is smoked,
eaten, or drunk for intoxicating effects
• Alters senses, coordination, reaction time, impairs decisions making skills
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• Lowers body temp, increases heart and blood pressure
• Stimulates the appetite – “munchies” – however lose the effect when one eats
• Talkative, giddy or quiet, withdrawn
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• Loss of will power, motivation, lack of energy and paranoia
• Affects memory, difficulty in recalling things and paying attention, slower reaction time
• More carcinogens than cigarettes
• Stronger today than in the 60’s
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• Males – lowers hormone testosterone and decreases sperm production
• Females – stillbirths, low birth weight and conditions similar to FAS
• Damaging to respiratory system• Psychological
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Hashish
• Hash
• The dark brown resin collected from the tops of the cannabis plant
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Inhalants• Substances with breathable
fumes that are sniffed and inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind-altering high
• Many accidental deaths
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• Nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, liver and kidney damage, change in bone marrow, brain damage
• Coma or death 1st time used• Suffocation • Peak age of use 14
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Designer drugs
• Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of narcotics and hallucinogens
• Ecstasy – methamphetamine and mescaline – Combination of stimulant and hallucinogen
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Effects – euphoria, confusion, depression, paranoia, psychosis, increase heart rate and blood pressure, and long term brain damage
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Look-alike drugs
•Drugs made so as to physically resemble specific illegal drugs