Outcomes Research

Ileana Miron-YeeMSN – 601

Research and Ethics in AP NursingProfessor: Dr. Catie Chung

Definition of Outcomes

• Traditionally - the end result of a process, treatment, or intervention.

• Healthcare - the responses, behaviors, feelings, or results of care provided.

Kleinpell, 2003

Classification of Outcomes

TYPE TIME

Care-related Patient-related

Performance-related

Short-termIntermediateLong-term

Schmidt & Brown, 2015

Positive Outcomes (PCOR)

Patients • Incorporate a wide variety of settings and diversity of participants to address individual differences and barriers to implementation and dissemination

• Include individual’s preferences, autonomy and needs, focusing on outcomes that people notice and care about such as survival, function, symptoms, and health- related quality of life

• Assess the benefits and harms of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative measures, or health delivery system

Healthcare professionals • Help people and their caregivers communicate and make informed

health care decisions

• Ensure diagnostic sand treatments are based on evidence-based practice

• Continually improve and adapt practice to obtain desired patient outcomes

• Identify processes that need improvement and ultimately ensure

that quality outcomes and best practices are achieved

PCORI, 2012

Negative Outcomes• When clinical research is sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, questions

concerning the validity of the research findings arise because of potential bias.

• Clinical research is increasingly sponsored by companies that make the products

being studied. The companies either directly perform the studies, or fully or partially fund them. Previous research has found that studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry tend to favor the sponsors’ drugs much more than studies with any other sources of sponsorship. That suggests that industry-sponsored studies are biased in favor of the sponsor’s products.

Lundh, Sismondo, Lexchin, Busuioc & Bero, 2012

Outcomes Measurement Steps

1. Determine the measures of interest 2. Gather necessary data3. Aggregate and analyze the data4. Interpret the results and subsequent actions5. Make changes6. Measure again to evaluate the effectiveness

Kleinpell, 2003

Reference• Kleinpell, R. M. (2003). Measuring advanced practice nursing outcomes: strategies

and resources. Critical Care Nurse, 6-9.

• Lundh, A., Sismondo, S., Lexchin, J., Busuioc, O., & Bero, L. (2012). Industry sponsorship and research outcome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 20 (12). doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000033.pub2

• Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Definition Revision: Response to Public Input as of February 15, 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.pcori.org/news-release/pcori-adopts-definition-patient-centered-outcomes-research

• Schmidt, N.A. and Brown, J.M. (2015). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research. Jones & Bartlett Learning. Burlington, MA.