i.l. 40-386.3 toc · 2018-05-09 · ii i.l. 40-386.3 preface scope this manual describes the...
TRANSCRIPT
i
I.L. 40-386.3
It is recommended that the user of REL 301/302 equipment become acquainted with the information in this in-struction leaflet before energizing the system. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel or damage tothe equipment, and may affect the equipment warranty. If the REL 301/302 relay system is mounted in a cabinet,the cabinet must be bolted to the floor, or otherwise secured before REL 301/302 installation, to prevent thesystem from tipping over.
All integrated circuits used on the modules are sensitive to and can be damaged by the discharge of static elec-tricity. Electrostatic discharge precautions should be observed when handling modules or individualcomponents.
ABB does not assume liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein.ABB reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Spec-ifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. All possible contingencies which mayarise during installation, operation, or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment do not pur-port to be covered by these instructions. If further information is desired by purchaser regarding a particular in-stallation, operation or maintenance of equipment, the local ABB representative should be contacted.
Copyright © ASEA BROWN BOVERI, ABB Power T&D Company Inc. 1994
This document contains information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Reproduction, adap-tation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
ABB does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Trademarks
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks are listed below.In addition, terms suspected of being trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized.ABB Power T&D Company Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in thisbook should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
IBM and PC are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines CorporationWRELCOM is the registered trademark of the ABB Power T&D Company Inc.INCOM is the registered trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation
! CAUTION
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I.L. 40-386.3
PREFACE
Scope
This manual describes the functions and features of the REL 301(Non-pilot Relay System) and REL302 (Pilot Relay System). It is intended primarily for use by engineers and technicians involved in theinstallation, testing, operation and maintenance of the REL 301/302 system.
Equipment Identification
The REL 301/302 equipment is identified by the Catalog Number on the REL 301/302 chassis name-plate. The Catalog Number can be decoded by using Catalog Number Table in Section 1.6.6.Both REL301 and REL 302 can be either vertically or horizontally mounted.
Production Changes
When engineering and production changes are made to the REL 301/302 equipment, a revision no-tation (SUB #) is reflected on the appropriate schematic diagram, and associated parts information.
Equipment Repair
Repair work is done most satisfactorily at the factory. When returning equipment, contact your fieldsales representative for RMR authorization. All equipment should be returned in the original packingcontainers if possible. Any damage due to improperly packed items will be charged to the customer.
Document Overview
SECTION 1 provides the Product Description. SECTION 2 presents the Functional Specification.SECTION 3 presents the Setting Calculations. Installation and Operation are described in SECTION4. Finally, SECTION 5 covers Acceptance Test, Maintenance Test and Calibration procedures.
Contents of Relay System
The REL 301/302 Relay System includes the style numbers, listed below, for each module.
Module Style Number
FT-10 Surge Protection 1502B35
Backplane Surge Protection 1612C53
Option (Reclosing/synch-check) 1614C19
Filter (Input Module) 1612C34
Microprocessor 1613C55
Display (Optional) 1613C69
Power Supply/Relay Outputs 1612C68
VT 1612C80
CT 1612C79
RS232C Communications (Optional) 1614C94
iii
I.L. 40-386.3
TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE
SECTION 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.2 REL 301/302 FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.3 REL 301/302 CONSTRUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31.4 UNIQUE FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41.5 UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION (WRELCOM®) PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61.6 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
SECTION 2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.2 LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.3 MEASUREMENTS ZONES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.4 NON-PILOT OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62.5 REL 302 PILOT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-132.6 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-222.7 FAULT DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
SECTION 3 SETTINGS CALCULATIONS
3.1 MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SETTING RANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
OVERCURRENT MEASUREMENTS
UNDERVOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
3.2 CALCULATION OF REL 301/302 SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23.3 REQUIRED SETTINGS APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73.4 RECLOSE INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
SECTION 4 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION4.1 SEPARATING THE INNER AND OUTER CHASSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.2 TEST PLUGS AND FT SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.3 EXTERNAL WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.4 FRONT PANEL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.5 JUMPER CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74.6 COMMUNICATION PORT(S) USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84.7 FRONT RS-232C COMMUNICATIONS PORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-94.8 SIXTEEN FAULTS/TARGET DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-104.9 OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-104.10 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
SECTION 5 REL 301/302 ACCEPTANCE TEST AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES5.1 NON-PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR REL 301/302. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.2 PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS (FOR REL 302 ONLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-125.3 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-145.4 CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
iv
I.L. 40-386.3
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
SECTION 1 REL 301/302 RELAY ASSEMBLY IN FT-42 CASE (PHOTO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1REL 301/302 LAYOUT (VERTICAL) (SHEET 1 OF 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10REL 301/302 LAYOUT (HORIZONTAL) (SHEET 2 OF 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11REL 301/302 OUTER CHASSIS (PHOTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12REL 301/302 INNER CHASSIS (PHOTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13REL 301/302 RELAY PROGRAM FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
SECTION 2 REL 301/302 CHARACTERISTICS /R-X DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23MHO CHARACTERISTIC FOR PHASE-GROUND FAULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24MHO CHARACTERISTICS FOR THREE-PHASE FAULTS
(NO LOAD FLOW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25MHO CHARACTERISTICS FOR PHASE-TO-PHASE AND
TWO PHASE-TO-GROUND FAULTS (NO LOAD FLOW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25LOGIC DRAWING SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26REL 301/302 ZONE- 1 TRIP LOGIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27REL 301/302 ZONE- 2 TRIP LOGIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27REL 301/302 ZONE- 3 TRIP LOGIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28REL 301/302 ZONE- 1 EXTENSION SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28INVERSE TIME OVERCURRENT GROUND BACKUP LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29LOSS-OF-POTENTIAL LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29LOSS-OF-POTENTIAL LOGIC (SYSTEM DIAGRAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30LOSS OF CURRENT MONITORING LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30OVERCURRENT SUPERVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT HIGHSET TRIP LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31REL 301/302 CLOSE-INTO- FAULT TRIP (CIFT) LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32REL 301/302 UNEQUAL-POLE-CLOSING LOAD PICKUP TRIP LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32LOAD LOSS ACCELERATED TRIP LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK LOGIC (BLINDER CHARACTERISTICS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33RECLOSING INITIATION LOGIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34POTT/UNBLOCKING PILOT RELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34POTT/UNBLOCKING PILOT TRIP LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35CARRIER KEYING/RECEIVING LOGIC IN POTT/UNBLOCKING SCHEMES . . . . . . . . . . 2-35PUTT SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36BLOCKING SYSTEM LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36PLTG SUPPLEMENTED BY FDOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37REVERSED POWER ON POTT/UNBLOCKING SCHEMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37UNEQUAL POLE CLOSING ON FAULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38ADDITIONAL LOGIC FOR POTT/UNBLOCKING SCHEMES
ON 3-TERMINAL LINE APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38ADDITIONAL LOGIC FOR PUTT SCHEME ON 3-TERMINAL
LINE APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39WEAKFEED APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39REVERSIBLE ZONE- 3 PHASE AND GROUND (REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC) . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40CO-2 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-41CO-5 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42CO-6 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
v
I.L. 40-386.3
CO-7 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-44CO-8 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45CO-9 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-46CO-11 CURVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47
SECTION 4 REL 301/302 TERMINALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13REL 301/302 SYSTEM EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS (2 SHEETS) . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14, 4-15
SECTION 5 FILTER (INPUT) MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17POWER SUPPLY (OUTPUT) MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18MICROPROCESSOR MODULE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19TEST CONNECTIONS FOR:
AØ-GROUND TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20BØ-GROUND TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21CØ-GROUND TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22AØ-GROUND TEST (DUAL POLARIZING) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
TABLES
PAGE
SECTION 2 PHASE AND GROUND SETTINGS (5 TABLES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4, 2-5
SECTION 3 TRIP TIME CONSTANTS FOR CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14RECLOSING INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
SECTION 4 SETTING DISPLAY (4 SHEETS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16METERING DISPLAY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20TARGET (FAULT DATA) DISPLAY (2 SHEETS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-23COMMUNICATIONS CABLE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24DIP SWITCH SETTING CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24
SECTION 5 FILTER MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2POWER SUPPLY MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2MICROPROCESSOR MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2SETTINGS (NON-PILOT SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-24SETTINGS (PILOT SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-25
vi
I.L. 40-386.3
REL 301 AND REL 302 Version 1.7
Features added and improvements made to Version 1.11
1. REL 301 AND 302
1.1 Modified Ground distance units from partially crossed-polarized mho to self-polarized mhounits for Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, and Pilot zone. The modification requires the addition of onereverse reach setting for each zone. New settings are as follows:
• Zone1G R
• Zone2G R
• Zone3G R
• PilotG R
1.2 Improved 3 – phase fault distance trip performance by modifying the algorithms calculationmethod.
1.3 Modified LED target coordination with stored target data for faulted phases.
1.4 Modified the performance of the programmable contact outputs for Low V (low voltage) signaloperation. Low V flag is set (contact will operate) when any phase goes below the Low V settingoutput to AND-45 A, reduces the likelihood of transient blocking logic being incorrectly enabledfor close-in faults in the forward direction.
2. REL 302 ONLY
2.1 Disabled reclose initiate from weakfeed logic. A weakfeed trip will not produce a reclose initiateoutput.
I.L. 40-386.3
1-2 (10/94)
1. 2. REL 301/302 FEATURES
1.2.1 Standard Features for REL 301 (Non-Pilot)• 3-Zone distance phase and ground relay, with reversible Zone3 phase and ground;
4 impedance units per zone: 3 phase-to-ground; 1 phase-to-phase.
• T1 timer (0 to 15 cycles)
• Independent timers for phase and ground
• Overcurrent supervision of phase and ground distance
• Selectable Zone2 torque controlled overcurrent (phase or ground)
• Inverse time directional or non-directional (selectable) overcurrent ground backuplogic
• Loss of potential supervision
• Loss of current monitoring
• Instantaneous forward directional phase and ground high set overcurrent trip
• Close Into Fault Trip
• Unequal-pole-closing load pickup logic
• Selectable Loss-of-Load accelerated trip logic
• Selectable Zone1 extension
• Current change fault detector (∆I)
• Voltage change fault detector (∆V)
• Fault data can be re-accessed by moving down to the Last Fault or Previous Faultdisplay mode
• Line voltage, current and phase angle monitoring
• Selectable polarizing for directional overcurrent ground units (zero sequence, nega-tive sequence and dual
• Programmable Reclose initiation and reclose block outputs
• 100% Numerical processing
• Fault location capability
• Self-checking software
• Breaker trip circuit test
• Push-to-close test for output contacts
• Binary input test of contact input circuits
• Software switches for functional tests, e.g., (Carrier Send and Carrier Receivers)
• Trip contact sealed in by trip current, and selectable dropout delay of 0 or 50 ms
• 16 fault records with setting selectable data capture choices which trigger fault re-cording
• Real-time clock
• Low voltage pickup setting for weakfeed logic and close into fault trip
• Setting positive sequence to zero sequence ratio
• Double blinder logic for out of step blocking
• RS-232C PONI or INCOM/PONI
• 16 sets of oscillographic data and intermediate target data. Each set includes 7 an-alog graphic inputs and 24 digital. Each oscillographic target contains 1 prefaultand 7 fault cycles of data. Data collection can be started by TRIP, Z2 and trip, Z2Z3and trip or ∆V ∆I
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 1-3
1.2.2 Standard Features for REL 302 (Pilot)• All features listed as standard for the REL 301 are included in the REL 302 also
• Independent pilot phase and ground distance units
• Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) /Simplified Unblocking
• Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip
• Directional Comparison Blocking Scheme
• POTT or Simplified Unblocking Weakfeed Terminal Logic
• Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent Function for High ResistanceGround Fault Supplement to Overreach Pilot
• Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground Function for Carrier Starton Blocking Scheme
• Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch
• 3-Terminal Line Application
1.2.3 Optional Features for the Non-Pilot REL 301 and Pilot REL 302• Self-polarized ground distance characteristics (Version 1.7X)
• RS-232C front communications port
• 5 programmable contact outputs
• Man Machine Interface (LCD Display)
• Reclosing with or without synchronism/Voltage Check
• 0 to 4 reclose attempts• Instantaneous or time delay• Reset Timer• Live-Line Dead-Bus/Dead-Line Live-Bus logic• Synchronism check•120 Volt phase-to-phase synchronism voltage input (reference VS, VSR,
Figure 4-2)
1. 3. REL 301/302 CONSTRUCTION
All of the relay circuitry, with the exception of the first-line surge protection, is mount-ed on the inner chassis, to which the front panel is attached. The outer chassis has abackplate, which is a receptacle for all external connections, including a communica-tion interface. The FT-10 switches permit convenient and safe disconnection of trip, acand dc input circuits, and provide for injection of test signals.
1.3.1 REL 301/302 Outer Chassis
This is an FT-42 case, where all the input/output signals are surge protected. All ex-ternal connections are made through the rear of the case.
The outer chassis (Figure 1-4) consists of 2 surge protection modules, a backplanesurge protection module, a metal case, FT-switches and an communication interfaceconsisting of a Product Operated Network Interface (PONI) INCOM® or RS-232C thatis mounted on the back of the case from the inside on the backplane module.
1.3.2 REL 301/302 Inner Chassis
The inner chassis (Figure 1-5) consists of a frame, 2 switchjaws and the following mod-ules. Each module is identified by silk screen label.
I.L. 40-386.3
1-4 (10/94)
• PT Module:Consisting of 3 voltage transformers for VAN, VBN and VCN.
• CT Module:Consisting of 4 current transformers for IA, IB, IC and IP, where IP is used for zero-sequence dual-polarizing ground current measurement.
• Filter Module:Consisting of the anti-aliasing filters for the seven inputs from the vt and ct mod-ules, the multiplexer to the A/D converter, the A/D converter itself, and the Opto-isolator for the input contacts.
• Microprocessor Module:Consisting of a microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196 at 10 MHz), two EPROM pro-gram memory chips; two RAM chips, an EEPROM for data retention, a real timeclock with battery and indication LED’s.
• Power Supply (PWRSUP) Module:This is an isolated switching power supply capable of supplying +5 Vdc for micro-controller and surrounding IC logic, ±12 Vdc for reference voltages and + 24 Vdcfor communication. All output contacts are on this module.
Three power supply options are available: 48 Vdc125 Vdc250 Vdc
• Reclosing/Synch-check Module (optional):consisting of an independent microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196) with its IC logic,signals, contact inputs and outputs. See I.L. 40-386.11 (Version 1.11) or 40-386.12(Version 1.1) for details.
• Man machine interface (LCD display) module (Optional):consisting of a 2-line, 16 character per line, liquid crystal display (LCD), fourpushbuttons for setting data entries and a switch for either protection or reclosinginformation.
1. 4. UNIQUE FEATURES
1.4.1 Fault Detection Software
REL 301/302 fault-detection software operates in two modes: Background and Faultmode.
The REL 301/302 relay normally operates in the “Background mode”. During non-fault operation (Background mode), the REL 301/302 Microprocessor checks hard-ware, services the operator panel, and checks for a disturbances in voltage or currentwhich indicates a potential fault. If a disturbance is seen, the program switches to theFault mode, for several power cycles, to perform phase and ground unit checks foreach zone and logic functions.
The REL 301/302 relay program functions are included in a flow chart loop shown inFigure 1-6, which the Microprocessor repeats 8 times per power cycle. Most functionsare performed all of the time, in the background mode, as shown. An important detail(not shown in Figure 1-6) is that many of the checks are broken into small parcels, sothat the whole complement of tasks is performed over a one-cycle period (eight passesthrough the loop). Some of the checks are performed more than once per cycle.
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 1-5
The REL 302/302 software which does the sampling has 8 states; these states corre-spond to the sampling rate (8 samples per cycle). Movement from state to state is con-trolled by a timer. The timer is loaded with a state time at the beginning of thestate.The code executed within a state should be completed before the timer expires.The software then waits for the timer to time out.
The fundamental frequency components are extracted from the samples (each cycle)and converted to voltage and current phasor values using a Fourier notch-filter algo-rithm. An additional dc-offset correction algorithm reduces overreach errors from de-caying exponential transients. During the process, the sum of squares of the inputsare accumulated to provide rms values of current and voltage. The Fourier coefficientsand sums are calculated for computing the phase angles. The sum of squares and thesums of the Fourier coefficients are updated for each sample, using the informationfrom the previous seven samples, to provide a full cycle of data.
1.4.2 Fault Mode and Restricted Fault Tests
Upon entry into the fault mode, the sums of the Fourier coefficients and sum ofsquares from the background mode are stored. New sums are obtained, using faultdata, to which offset compensation has been applied.
To speed up tripping for severe faults, restricted fault testing is implemented. The lasthalf cycle of background mode input samples and the first half cycle of fault mode in-put samples are used to compute the current and voltage vectors and rms values. Nodc offset compensation is performed. High-set instantaneous overcurrent and Zone1distance unit tests are executed. This will speed up tripping by as much as one cyclefor high current, close-in faults.
Instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time overcurrent protection, and out-of-stepblocking are also conducted during the fault mode and background mode.
For Zone2 and Zone3 faults, impedance computation and checking will continuethroughout the specified time delay. The impedance calculation will be performedonce every cycle, in the fault mode and background mode.
1.4.3 Unique Characteristics of REL 301/302
A unique characteristic of the REL 301/302 system is its phase selection principle. Itdetermines the sum of positive and negative sequence currents for each phase by anovel method which excludes the influence of pre-fault load current. From this infor-mation, the fault type can be clearly identified and the actual distance to the fault canbe estimated.
High-resistance ground-fault detection is available in REL 301/302. Sensitive direc-tional pilot tripping is activated through an FDOG Timer (FDGT). The pilot distanceunit is always active and can have the priority for tripping.
Load-loss tripping entails high-speed, essentially simultaneous clearing at both ter-minals of a transmission line for all fault types except three-phase, without the needof a pilot channel. Any fault location on the protected circuit will be within the reachof the Zone1 relays at one or both terminals. This causes direct tripping of the localbreaker without the need for any information from the remote terminal. The remoteterminal recognizes the loss of load-current in the unfaulted phase(s) as evidence oftripping of the remote breaker. This, coupled with Zone2 distance or directional over-
I.L. 40-386.3
1-6 (10/94)
current ground-fault recognition at the remote terminal, allows immediate tripping totake place at the terminal.
1.4.4 Self-checking Software
REL 301/302 continuously monitors its ac input subsystems using multiple A/D con-verter calibration-check inputs, plus loss-of-potential and loss-of-current monitoring.Failures of the A/D converter, or any problem in a single ac channel which unbalancesnon-fault input, causes an alarm. Self-checking software includes the following func-tions:
a. Digital Front-end A/D Converter Check
b. Program Memory Checksum
Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete EPROM checksum of program
memory. After power-up, the REL 301/302 continually computes the program memory
checksum.
c. Power-up RAM Check
Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete test of the RAM data memory.
d. Non-volatile RAM Check
All front-panel-entered constants (settings) are stored in non-volatile RAM in three identical
arrays. These arrays are continuously checked by the program. If any of the three array
entrees disagree, a non-volatile RAM failure is detected.
1. 5. UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (RCP)
Two types of remote interface can be ordered.
• RS 232C for single point computer communication.
• INCOM® for local network communication.
A special software program (RCP), is provided for obtaining or sending, setting, andtarget information from or to the REL 301/302. The REL 301/302 front panel showstwo fault events (last and previous), but with the remote communications, 16 faultevents and 16 records of intermediate target data can be obtained and stored. Eachrecord of the intermediate target data contains 8-cycle information (1 prefault and 7post-fault), with 7 analog inputs and 24 digital data (at the sampling rate of 8 per cy-cle). Refer to RCP manual for detailed information. (See I.L. 40-603.)
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 1-7
1. 6. SPECIFICATIONS
1.6.1 Technical
1.6.2 External Connections
Terminal blocks located on the rear of the chassis suitable for #14 square tongue lugs.
Wiring to FT-10 switches suitable for #12 wire lugs.
1.6.3 Contact Rating Data
Trip Contacts - make & carry 30 A for 1 second, 10 A continuous capability, break 50watts resistive or 25 watts with L/R =.045 seconds. Trip contacts are:
• Trips A1, A2
• OC1
• Close-1, 2
Operating Speed(from fault detection to trip contact close (60 Hz)
ac Voltage (VLN)
ac Current (In)
Rated Frequency
Maximum Permissible ac Voltage (Thermal Rating)
• Continuous• 10 Second
Maximum Permissible ac Current (Thermal Rating)
• Continuous• 1 Second
Minimum Operating Current
dc Battery Voltages
Nominal48/60 Vdc110/125 Vdc220/250 Vdc
dc Burdens: Battery
ac Burdens:
Voltage inputCurrent input
12 ms (minimum)26 ms (typical)
60 Hz 70 Vrms50 Hz 63.5 Vrms
1 or 5 A
50 or 60 Hz
1.5 x VLn2.5 x VLn
3 x In100 x In
0.1 x In
Operating Range38-70 Vdc88-145 Vdc176- 290 Vdc
7 W normal30 W tripping
0.02 VA at 70 Vac/phase0.15 VA at 5 A/phase
I.L. 40-386.3
1-8 (10/94)
All other contacts are “Non-trip” rated.
• Non-Trip Contacts
• 1A Continuous
• 0.1A Resistive Interrupt Capability
Supports 1000 Vac across open contacts
Contacts also meet IEC - 255-6A, IEC - 255-12, IEC -255-16, BS142-1982.
• RS-232C PONI - for single point computer communications
• INCOM®/PONI - for local network communications
1.6.4 Chassis Dimensions And Weight
Height: 17.875" (453.7 mm)
Width: 5.876" (149 mm)
Depth: 6.626" (168 mm)
Weight: 24 lb (16 kg.)
For Horizontal Mount: 19 inch adapter plate
1.6.5 Environmental and Type Test Data
Ambient Temperature Range
• For Operation -20°C to +60°C
• For Storage -40°C to +80°C
Dielectric Test Voltage 2.8 kV, dc, 1 minute (ANSI C37.90.0, IEC 255-5)
Impulse Withstand Level 5 kV peak, 1.2/50 µsec, 0.5 joule (IEC 255-5)
Fast Transient Surge Withstand Capability 4 kV, 5/50 nsec (IEC 801-4); 5kV 10/150 nsec (ANSIC37.90.1)
Oscillatory Surge Withstand Capability 2.5 kV, 1 MHz (ANSI C37.90.1, IEC 255-6)
EMI Volts/Meter Withstand 25 MHz-1GHz, 10V/m Withstand (Proposed ANSI C37.90.2).
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 1-9
MOUNTINGHorizontal * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HVertical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V
TRIP3-Pole Trip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3Self-Polarized Ground Distance - - - - - - - - - - - - P
CURRENT1 A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A5 A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B
BATTERY VOLTAGE48 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4125 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1250 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2
RECLOSINGMulti-shot Reclosing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RMulti-shot Reclosing w/sync-check - - - - - - - - - - SMulti-shot Reclosing w/sync-check (Ø-Ø voltage) - - - TNone- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N
PILOT SYSTEMPilot (REL302) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PNon-Pilot (REL 301) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N
PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS5 Contacts including one trip rated contact - - - - - - - -5None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N
COMMUNICATIONS PORTFlexible (PONI-Rear mounted)INCOM®- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CRS-232C (Default) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RRS-232C with IRIG-B Input- - - - - - - - - - - - - - B
FRONT PANEL INTERFACELCD Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LRS-232C port- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RBoth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BNone- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N
Test plug style # 13B8453G05
Communication cable kit item id. #1504B78G01
1.6.6 REL 301/302 Catalog Numbers
M V 3 B 1 R N 5 C L
*Includes 19” adapter plate
I.L. 40-386.3
1-10(10/94)
2682F39Sheet 1 of 2
Sub 2
Figure 1-2. REL 301/302 Layout. (Vertical)
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94)1-11
2682F39Sheet 2 of 2
Sub 2
Figure 1-3. REL 301/302 Layout. (Horizontal)
I.L. 40-386.3
1-14 (10/94)
Figure 1-6 REL 301/302 Relay Program Functions
ESK00252 dtp
POWER ON
-Initialization-Self-Checks
Mode =Background
START
Sample V and I
dc OffsetCorrection
Compute V and IPhasors Using
Fourier Algorithm
Mode? Fault
Background
Disturbancein V or Ι? Mode =
Fault
Relaying Calculations:Zone1 and Pilot Zone
Pilot Logic andChannel Control
No Fault for3 Cycles?
Mode =
Background
- Operator Panel Interface
- Hardware Self-Checks
N
Y
N
Y
Relaying Calculations- Zone2- Zone3
- Out-of-Step Blinders- Inst. Overcurrent- Ground Backup- Phase Selector
Checks and Logic- Non-Pilot Trip Logic- Loss-of-Pot. And Loss-of-Current- Data Communications- Contact Inputs
∆
••
∆
- Programmable Output Contact Update
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 2-1
2. 1 INTRODUCTION
Both the REL 301/302 relay systems detect faults in three zones of, phase and grounddistance Zones1 and 2 are forward set; Zone3 can be set to forward or reverse. Thefault locator can be set to indicate fault distance in miles or kilometers. REL 302 hasa separate pilot Zone (Section 2-5).
The R-X Diagram, shown in Figure 2-1, shows a composite of characteristics availablewith REL 301/302. Zone1 phase and ground settings are chosen to provide substan-tial coverage of the protected line without overreaching the next bus. A setting of 80%of the line impedance is typical. Faults occurring within the reach of the Zone1 mea-surement cause direct tripping without regard to any action occurring at the remoteterminal.
Zone2 settings are chosen to assure that faults occurring on the next bus are detected.Settings are chosen (independent of the Zone1 settings), generally to be 120 to 150%of the line impedance. Any fault occurring on the protected line will be detected by thisZone2 measurement (within the fault resistance and current limitations of the relayingsystem). Zone2 tripping occurs after time delay (T2).
The Zone3 measurement is directional, and may be chosen to respond to forward orreverse faults. The reverse sensing option is used in conjunction with the T3 trip func-tion, chosen to coordinate with adjacent terminal Zone2 timing. The forward sensingoption produces time delayed backup to other devices sensing forward faults.
Blinder measurements (B1, B2, B3, B4) are available for out-of-step sensing. The innerblinder also restricts the trip reach of each of the 3-phase fault measuring units.
2. 2 LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Line measurement techniques applied to each Zone include:
• Single-Phase-To-Ground fault detection
• 3-Phase fault detection
• Phase-to-Phase fault detection
• Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground fault detection
2.2.1 Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault
Single-phase-to-ground fault detection (Figure 2-2) is accomplished by three self-po-larized phase-ground units (ph-A, ph-B, ph-C). Equations (1) and (2) below are for Op-erate and Reference quantities, respectively. The unit will produce output when theOperate quantity leads the Reference quantity in phase angle. The Reference quantityhas been modified from earlier versions, in order to produce a fixed mho characteristicwhich will have better performance when applied to resistance grounded systems. The“forward” reach applies to the operate (TRIP) direction of the unit, while the “reverse”reach applies to the restraint direction and is used primarily to define the overall sizeof the characteristic and the amount of each along the R-axis. (In the case of the re-versible Zone3, the “forward” reach actually is in the reverse line direction, since that
Section 2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
I.L. 40-386.3
2-2 (10/94)
is the direction where tripping takes place; the “reverse” reach is then in the forwardline direction.)
(1)
(2)
Z0L, Z1L = zero and positive sequence line impedance in relay ohms
ZCGF, ZCGR = Zone forward and reverse reach settings in secondary ohms of Z1L, for ph-G fault (both are in angle PANG)
These units are directionally supervised by FDOG (RDOG for reverse Zone3). Because of in-ternal clipping of unfaulted phase voltages during phase-ground faults, use of Zero-sequenceor Dual Polariz (polarization) for DIR TYPE only is recommended when applied to resis-tance grounded systems; calculation of V2 magnitude and angle is likely to be incorrect in thisapplication, causing NSEQ polarization to give false directional sense (see Section 2.4.11).
2.2.2 Three-Phase Fault
Three-phase (3Ø) fault detection (Figure 2-3) is accomplished by the logic operation ofone of the three ground units, plus the 3Ø fault output signal from the faulted phaseselector unit.
However, for a 3-phase fault condition, the computation of the distance units will be:
VXG - IXZCP (3)
(and (VQ) (4)
where VXG = VAG, VBG, or VCG
IX = IA, IB or ICZCP = Zone reach setting (Pilot Ø, Z1Ø, Z2Ø,and Z3Ø) in secondary ohmsfor multi-phase faults.VQ = Quadrature phase voltages, i.e.,VCB, VAC and VBA for ↓A, φB and Ø
C units, respectively.
VXG IX kOIO+[ ]ZCG–
ko
ZOL ZIL–
ZIL------------------------ ZR GANG PANG–( )∠= =
IO13--- IA IB IC+ +( )=
j VXG IX kOIO+[ ]ZCGR+( )
Where VXG VAG VBG or VC, ,=
IX IA IB or IC, ,=
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 2-3
2.2.3 Phase-to-Phase Fault
The phase-to-phase (ØØ) unit (Figure 2-4) responds to all phase-to-phase faults, andsome single-phase-to-ground faults. Equations (5 and 6) are for operating and refer-ence quantity, respectively. They will produce output when the operating quantityleads the reference quantity.
(VAB - IABZCP) (5)
(VCB - ICBZCP) (6)
2. 3 MEASUREMENT ZONES
REL 301/302 performs line measurement within 3 zones of the transmission line(Zone1, Zone2, Zone3), and one optional pilot Zone (REL 302). When the REL 302functional display SystType † is set at “Non Pilot”, it will perform the 3-Zone non-pilotfunction.
When the REL 301/302 trips, the trip contacts will be sealed-in as along as the tripcoil current exists. The trip contact dropout can be delayed (by 50 ms) after the tripcurrent is removed, providing a jumper (JMP4) is connected on the Microprocessormodule.
2.3.1 Zone1 Trip
For Zone1 phase faults, the Z1Ø unit will identify the fault and operate. The 3Ø faultlogic is supervised by the load restriction logic via AND131C and AND 131 and is alsosupervised by the selectable OSB, as shown in Figure 2-5 and 2-18. Output of Z1Øsatisfies AND-2 and provides a high-speed trip (HST) signal from OR-2 to operate thetrip output telephone relay. The trip circuit is monitored by a seal-in reed relay (S),which is in-series with each trip contact in the tripping circuits. The S relay will pickup if the trip current is higher than 0.5 Amp. The operation of the “S” contact will turn-on the breaker trip indicators (with memory), and feeds back to OR-4 to hold the triprelay in operation until the breaker trips and 52a contact opens (not shown inFigure 2-5). The TRSL signal plus the output signal from AND-2 turns on the Zone1phase trip indicator Zone1Ø. The breaker trip and Zone1 phase trip indicators arememorized. They can be reset by external RESET voltage or through remote commu-nication. By pushing the RESET pushbutton, the display will return to the METERmode, the flashing LED will be reset, but the fault information will still remain in mem-ory.
The Z1Ø 3Ø trip logic AND-131 is supervised by both the conventional Out-of-Stepblock (OSB) and the subsequent OSB logic when the OSB is set to “YES”. Z1P logicAND-2 is also supervised by the Forward Directional Overcurrent Phase (FDOP) unitfor more security on some special power system applications.
Similar operations exist for Zone1 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Zone1G unitsees the fault and operates; the IoM and FDOG units also operate, satisfying AND-3.Tripping occurs via OR-2 with Zone1 ground trip indication Zone1G. Logic AND-3 isalso supervised by the signal of “NOT” RDOG (reverse directional overcurrent ground)“OR” unequal-pole-closing, “OR” LOPB (loss of potential block) for security.
† Bold type indicates LCD display quality.
I.L. 40-386.3
2-4 (10/94)
A two-out-of-three “leading phase blocking” logic is included for solving the overreachproblem of the single-phase ground distance units, which may respond to a twophase-to-ground (ØØG) fault.
The high-speed trip (HST) signal also is connected to the reclosing initiation logic.
Both Zone1 phase and Zone1 ground function(s) can be disabled by setting theZone1Ø and/or Zone1G to the (OUT) setting choice. Zone1 trip can be delayed withthe setting T1 Timer. The delay time is up to 5 cycles. Normally, this timer is set to Ø.
2.3.2 Zone2 Trip
For Zone2 phase faults, the Zone2Ø unit will see the faults and operate the Zone2phase timer. The timer limit denoted T2P in Figure 2-6 can be selected to be either adefinite time T2Ø time or an inverse time (CO type) characteristic (settings T2ØCV,T2Ø PkUp and TØ TC). Zone2 Ø output plus the T2P timer output satisfy AND-18 asshown in Figure 2-6.
Similar operation occurs for Zone2 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Zone2G unitsees the fault and operates. This, plus the operation of the IOM, FDOG and T2G (Def-inite Time T2G Time or inverse time (CO) characteristic) satisfy AND-19, and providethe TDT signal via OR-3 with Zone2 ground time delay trip indicator.
The single-phase ground distance units may respond to a ØØG fault. The output ofthe Zone2G unit plus the operation of the ØØ selection will trip the Zone2 Ø via OR-157, T2Ø time and AND-18. Leading phase blocking is unnecessary for an overreachZone device.
The TDT signal can be connected to the reclosing block logic. The settings for Zone2timers (phase and ground units) are independent, as follows:
For Zone2 phase and ground:
All phase and ground settings are independent of one another.
If T2ø type and/or T2G Type was selected as Definite Time:
Table 3:
T2ø Type and T2GType
BlockedDefinite TimeTorque Control (may beInverse Time)
Table 4:
T2ø Time andT2G Time
0.10 to 2.99 seconds0.10 to 2.99 seconds
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 2-5
If T2ø type and/or T2G Type was selected as Torque Control:(selection of the CO Inverse time settings)
2.3.3 Zone3 Trip
For Zone3 phase faults, the Zone3Ø will identify the faults and operate the Zone3phase timer T3P, in the forward or reverse direction, depending on the Zone3 setting.The Zone3Ø (Z3P) output plus the T3P timer output satisfy AND-20 (as shown in Fig-ure 2-7). The AND-20 output provides time delay trip signal TDT via OR-3. Signal TDTpicks up OR-4 (Figure 2-5) and operates the trip relay. The tripping and targeting aresimilar to Zone1 trip, except for the Zone3 phase time delay trip indicator Zone3Ø.
For Zone3 single-phase-to-ground faults, Zone3G identifies the fault and operates.This, plus the operation of the IOM, satisfies AND-7; the TDT signal then trips via OR-3 with Zone3 ground time delay trip indicator (Z3G). The TDT signal can be connectedto the reclosing block logic. For security, the (Z3G) unit is also supervised by the signalof FDOG when it is set for forward looking (or by the signal of RDOG when it is set forreverse looking) via logic OR-171B, AND-171C or AND 171D (as shown in Figure 2-7).
A similar operation for ØØG faults (shown in Zone2), is applied to Zone3, through OR-170, (T3P) and AND-20 gates.
The settings for Zone3 timers (phase and ground units) are independent, as follows:
• T3Ø(T3P) Zone3 phase 0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Block
• T3G (T3G) Zone3 ground 0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Block
Either or both Zone3 phase and Zone3 ground function(s) can be disabled by settingZone3Ø (Z3P) and/or Zone3G (Z3G) to the (OUT) position or by setting (T3P) and/or(T2G) to Block.
2.3.4 Zone1 Extension
This scheme provides a higher speed operation on end Zone faults without the appli-cation of pilot channel.
If the REL 301/302 functional display “SystType ” is set on Z1 Extension position, theZone1Ø/Zone1G unit will provide two outputs: one is overreach which is set at 1.25 x
Table 5:
T2ø CV andT2G CV
C0-2; C0-5; C0-6; C0-7;C0-8; C0-9; C0-11
Table 6:
T2ø PkUp andT2G PkUp
0.5 to 10.0 Amperes0.5 to 10.0 Amperes
Table 7:
T2ø TC andT2G TC
1-631-63
I.L. 40-386.3
2-6 (10/94)
Z1 reach by the microprocessor, and one is the normal Z1 reach. A single shot instan-taneous reclosing device should be used when applying this scheme. The targetsZone1Ø/Zone1G will indicate either Z1 trip and/or Z1E trip operations. The otherfunctions (e.g., Z2T, Z3T, ac trouble monitoring, overcurrent supervision, Inst., CIFTrip (CIF) , unequal-pole closing load pickup control, LL trip, etc.) would remain thesame as in the basic scheme.
For a remote internal fault (refer to Figure 2-8), either Zone1Ø or Zone1G will see thefault since they are set to overreach. High speed trip will be performed via the normalZ1 path (Figure 2-5), i.e., AND-2 (or AND-3), OR-2. HST signal operates the instanta-neous reclosing scheme. The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault is automat-ically cleared.
Target Zone1Ø and/or Zone1G will be displayed. Once the breaker trip circuit carriescurrent, it operates the logic OR-5 (not shown), produces output signal TRSL, and sat-isfies logic AND-26 for 5000 ms (Figure 2-8). The output signal of AND-26 will triggerthe Zone1Ø/Zone1G reach circuit, constricting their reaches back to the normalZone1 for 5000 ms. During the reach constricting periods, if the breaker is reclosedon a Zone1 permanent fault, it will retrip again. If the breaker is reclosed on an end-Zone permanent fault, the normal Z2T will take place.
For a remote external fault, either Zone1Ø or Zone1G will see the fault since they areset to overreach. High speed trip will be performed. HST signal operates the instanta-neous reclosing scheme. The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault has beenisolated by the adjacent line breaker. However, if the adjacent line breaker fails to trip,the normal remote back up will take place.
NOTE: The reaches of Z1E are based on the Zone1 settings multiplied by a fac-tor of 1.25.
2. 4 NON-PILOT OPERATION
The following features are standard with the REL 301/302
2.4.1 3-Zone Distance Phase and Ground Relay with Reversible Zone3 Phase and Ground
There are four impedance units per zone: one phase-to-phase unit and three phase-to-ground units. Zone3 can be set to forward or reverse for carrier keying or back-uptripping in pilot system applications.
2.4.2 Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup
The overcurrent ground backup (GB) unit is to supplement the distance ground pro-tection. It provides an inverse time characteristic which is similar to the conventionalCO characteristics (Figure 2-32 thru 2-38). The time curves can be selected by the GBType (GBCV) Setting. The time dial is set by the GBT Curve (GTC) value. The unit canbe selected as directional by using the GB DIR (GDIR) setting and the pickup value isset by GB Pickup (GBPU) . The directional GB function uses the torque control ap-proach, as indicated in Figure 2-9. The GB function can be disabled by setting the GBType (GBCV) to the OUT position.
The directional unit is determined by the setting of “Dir Type (DIRU) ” which can be setto Zero Sequence (ZSEQ) (zero sequence voltage), Dual Polariz (DUAL) (zero sequence
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 2-7
voltage and/or zero sequence current) or Negative Sequ (NSEQ) (negative sequencevoltage and negative sequence current) for polarization (see 2.4.11, Selectable GroundDirectional Unit, Zero Sequence / Negative Sequ/Dual Polariz).
2.4.3 Loss of Potential Supervision
The ac voltage monitoring circuit is called loss-of-potential (LOP) circuit. In order toprevent undesirable tripping due to the distance unit(s) pickup on loss-of-potential,the following logic is used:
• (VAN or VBN or VCN <7Vac) or (3Vo>7Vac) and not ∆I or not (3IO>IOS)
This means that the LOP Blk (LOPB) will be set if any one of the voltages is below 7Vac(without ∆I), or if the system detects 3Vo without 3Io (or 3IO > IOS) as shown in Figure2-10. The (loss-of-potential condition satisfies AND-1; output signal of AND-1 startsthe 8/500 ms timer. The timer output will satisfy AND-1C if there is no output fromAND-1B. Output signal of AND-1C will block all the distance unit (Z) tripping pathsvia AND-2, AND-3, AND-4, AND-5, AND-6, AND-172 (also blocks AND-191 and AND-187 for Pilot Systems), if LOP Blk (LOPB) is set at YES. Although all distance units areblocked for tripping, the ground backup (GB) and high-set overcurrent units (Inst Øand Inst G) are operative and converted to non-directional automatically. The LOP Blk(LOPB) blocking function can be disabled by setting the LOP Blk (LOPB) functional dis-play at NO position. The output of the LOP timer will de-energize the Alarm 1 (AL1) re-lay and cause the failure alarm.
When applying the LOP Blk (LOPB) to YES, it is the intent to block all distance unitsfrom tripping, should LOP condition exist. However, under a special system condition(refer to Figure 2-11), both circuits are energized without load current; with no sourceat terminal B, fault at Ø where Ø is near terminal A, Zone2 relay at terminal B will beblocked by LOP, and may fail to trip. This is because the relay at B sees no current,and a low voltage condition exists before circuit breaker A opens. Another special sys-tem condition involves two parallel lines with two symmetrical sources at both ends.For an evolving flashover fault, at a point equidistant from both terminals, the conven-tional LOP Blk (LOPB) logic will block trip, because the first external fault generates 3V0and not 3I0 on the protected line. Logic AND-1A, 1B, -1C, and -1E 150/0, 3500/200 mstimers circuit (in Figure 2-10) are for solving these problems. This logic unblocks theLOP Blk (LOPB) circuit and provides a 3500 ms trip window for the distance units totrip if the fault current is detected within 150 ms after LOP has been set up. This logichas no effect on the conditions:
• if ∆I signal occurs ahead of LOP, or
• if LOP and ∆I signals occur simultaneously
NOTE: The LOP Blk (LOPB) setting detects a blown fuse condition.
The distance units are designed to be blocked under the loss-of-poten-tial condition, but the high set (Inst Ø and Inst G and ground backup(GB) are functional and converted to non-directional automatically (seealso 2.4.6).
2.4.4 Loss of Current Supervision (LOI)
The ac current monitoring circuit uses IOM (and not Vo) as criterion, as shown in Fig-ure 2-12. Under ct short circuit or open circuit condition, IoM (and not Vo) satisfies
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AND-23; the output signal of AND-23 starts the 500/500 ms timer. The timer outputturns “ON” the non-memory LOI indicator, which is shown in the Metering mode, anddrops out the AL1 relay (Failure Alarm). If the LOI condition exists and LOI Blk (LOIB)is set at YES, the trip will be blocked after the 500 ms timer times out.
2.4.5 Fault Detector Overcurrent Supervision
For REL 301/302, as shown in Figure 2-13, the distance units do not require overcur-rent supervision; because the relay normally operates in a background mode, they willnot start the Zone1 and pilot impedance computation until a phase current or a phasevoltage disturbance is detected. This approach can minimize the load problem whensetting the phase overcurrent units. However in order to meet the traditional practice,a medium set phase overcurrent unit IM (any phase IAM, IBM, ICM) has been added (Ver-sion 1.1) to supervise Zone1Ø, Zone2Ø, Zone3Ø and Pilot Øtrip functions, as shownin Figure 2-13. This option should not be set to limit Zone3 reach, and traditionallyshould be set above the load current.
For coordination purposes the ground trip units Zone1G (Z1G), Zone2G (Z2G), Zone3G(Z3G), Pilot G (PLTG) , and FDOG are supervised by the medium set ground overcurrentunit (IoM). The Ios setting and RDOG are used for carrier send in a Pilot Blocking sys-tem.
2.4.6 Highset Overcurrent Trip
The instantaneous overcurrent units (IAH, IBH, ICH and IOH) are forward directionaland set high to detect those faults which occur in the Zone1, therefore, their trippingwill occur via OR-2 for HST, as shown in Figure 2-14. These high set trip functions canbe disabled by setting the Inst Ø (ITP) phase and/or Inst G (ITG) ground to the OUT po-sition. The directional unit (Inst Ø and Inst G) will be automatically converted to non-directional protection if the LOP condition occurs and the setting of LOP Blk = YES andwill be blocked if LOP Blk = ALL.
2.4.7 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT)
There are three low voltage units (LVA, LVB and LVC) in REL 301/302. Each unit sens-es the phase voltage condition in the background mode. The unit can be set from 40to 60 volts, in 1.0 volt steps. For any phase voltage below its preset value, the LV logicwill produce a logic “1” output signal. The low voltage units are used in CIFT and weak-feed logic in REL 301/302.
In order to supplement distance unit operation, when the circuit breaker is closed intoa fault and line side potential is used, the Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT) circuit operatesas shown in Figure 2-15. It includes logic AND-22 and 100/180 ms and 16/0 ms tim-ers. If any overcurrent unit (IAL, IBL, ICL or IOM) operates OR-11, at the same timeas one of the phase voltages (VA, VB,VC) is below the preset level of the LV units, thenlogic AND-22 is satisfied and produces a trip signal (for 180 ms) after circuit breakercloses (52b contact opens). Tripping will be via OR-3, (Figures 2-5, 2-6 and 2-7) withRB and CIF Trip (CIF) targets.
The application of “Close-into-fault” is selected by setting the value field of CIF Trip toYES or NO.
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2.4.8 Unequal-Pole-Closing-Load Pickup Logic
The ground units may pick up on a condition of load pickup with unequal breaker poleclosing. The high speed ground units (Zone1G, FDOG and PLTG) should be supervisedunder this condition. This can be achieved (as shown in Figure 2-16) by inserting a 0/20 ms timer (controlled by the 52b signal) to supervise the Zone1G trip AND-3. Itshould be noted that the 20 ms time delay will have no effect on a normal fault clear-ing.
2.4.9 Loss-of-Load Accelerated Trip Logic
NOTE: The LLT function doesn’t need to be set for normal operation of the re-lay. While it can provide faster tripping for end-Zone faults, it may notbe used in all situations. It should be applied with caution based onthorough knowledge of the system characteristics where the relay is ap-plied. It is definitely not applicable where maximum tapped load mayexceed minimum through-load in the protected line.
The load-loss speedup Zone2 trip logic senses remote 3-pole clearing on all faults ex-cept 3 phase to complement or substitute for the action of the pilot channel, to speedup trip at the slow terminal. Logic includes AND-24, AND-25, OR-13, 0/32, and 10/0 ms timers (as shown in Figure 2-17). Under normal system conditions, 3-phase loadcurrents are balanced, the low set overcurrent units (IAL, IBL, ICL satisfy both AND-24 and OR-13). On remote internal faults, Zone2 Phase (Z2P) or Zone2 Ground(Z2G)picks-up and satisfies the third input to AND-25 via OR-6. However, the signal fromAND-24 is negated to AND-25, therefore, AND-25 should have no output until the re-mote end 3-pole trips. At this time, the local end current will lose one or two phases,depending on the type of fault (except for the 3-phase fault). The AND-24 output signalchanges from “1” to “0” and satisfies AND-25. After 10 ms, this output by-passes theT2 timer, and provides speedup Zone2 trip. The (10/0 ms) time delay is for coordina-tion on external faults with unequal pole clearing. The 0/32 ms timer is needed forsecurity on external faults without load current condition. Target LL Trip (LLT) willturn on after an LL Trip. The LL Trip (LLT) function is selected by setting LL Trip “YES,FDOG, NO”, where YES = LL Trip with Z2 supervision; FDOG = LL Trip with both Z2and (FDOG/IOM) supervision; the NO = LL Trip function is not used.
2.4.10 Current or Voltage Change Fault Detector (∆I, ∆V)
The REL 301/302 relay normally operates in the Background mode, where it experi-ences phase current or voltage disturbances. During background mode, the four inputcurrents (IA, IB, IC and Ip) and the three voltages (VA, VB, VC) are sampled at a rateof 8 per cycle to test a l ine fault. When a phase disturbance ( ∆ I or ∆V )is detected, the relay enters a fault mode for several cycles to performphase and ground unit distance computation for each zone. The criteria for deter-mining a disturbance in the REL 301/302 design are as follows:
1) Each phase ∆ I : i f [ IKn - I (K-1)n] > 1.0 amp.And [IKn - I (K-1)n] / I (K-1)n x 100% > 12.5%
2) Each phase ∆V : if [VKn - V(K-1)n] > 7.0 voltsand [VKn - V(K-1)n] / V(K-1)n x 100% >12.5%
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3) ∆I 0: i f [ (3I0)Kn - (3I0) (K - 1)n] > 0.5 amp.Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 andK = number of cycles
2.4.11 Ground Directional Polarization Selection
The ground directional unit Dir Type (DIRU) contains three selections Zero Sequence(ZSEQ), Negative Sequ (NSEQ) and Dual Polariz (DUAL) , which determine the operationof the forward directional overcurrent ground (FDOG) and reversed directional(RDOG). If the Zero Sequence (ZSEQ) is selected, both FDOG and RDOG units will beoperated by a zero-sequence voltage polarizing element. Forward direction is identifiedby the angle, if 3I0 leads 3V0, between 30° and 210°. The sensitivity of this element is3I0 > 0.5A and 3V0 >1.0 Vac. If Negative Sequ (NSEQ) is selected, both FDOG andRDOG will be operated by Negative Sequence quantities. The maximum sensitivity forthe forward directional unit is when I2 leads V2 by 98°, with V2 1.0 Vac and 3I2 ≥ 0.5A.
If Dual Polariz (DUAL) is selected, the FDOG and RDOG will be determined by eitherzero sequence voltage polarizing element, as the setting of Zero Sequence (ZSEQ) orcurrent polarizing directional element (IP), which is connected to FT switches #12 and13 and is from power transformer neutral (ct). The maximum torque angle between 3I0and IP equals zero degrees, i.e., the forward direction is identified when 3I0 leads IP by0° to 90° or lags by 0° to 90°. The sensitivity of this element is >3I0.5 and Ip>0.1 Amps.
2.4.12 Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent (FDOG)
The instantaneous forward directional overcurrent ground function (FDOG) is a direc-tional unit depending on the setting of Dir Type (DIRU) as described in the precedingsection 2.4.11. FDOG is supervised by the Iom setting and controls Zone1, Zone2 andZone3 ground units for security purposes.
2.4.13 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground (RDOG)
Similar to FDOG, the instantaneous reverse directional overcurrent ground function(RDOG) supervises the ground units to prevent false trip.
2.4.14 Programmable Reclose Initiation and Reclose Block Logic
The REL 301/302 system provides the following contact output for Reclosing Initiationand reclosing block functions (Figure 2-19):
• RI2, used for Reclosing Initiation on 3-pole trip
• RB, used for Reclosing Block
The operation of RI2 and RB contacts is controlled by the setting of the programmableReclosing Initiation logic (as shown in Figure 2-19). The operation of either RI2, or RBmust be confirmed by the signal of TRSL, which is the trip output of REL 301/302 op-eration.
The most common Reclosing Initiation practice is to have Reclosing Initiation on highspeed (Pilot, Zone1 and high set overcurrent) trip only. On Pilot version programmingcan be accomplished by closing the pilot enable switch and setting the Pilot (PLT) toYES (Figure 2-19). AND-84 will produce logic to operate the RI2 relay when receivingsignals from TRSL and AND-89.
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The program is further controlled by the RI Type setting:
RI Type settingNO RI: 3PRN provides no output,
therefore, will not operate RI2.
RI Type settingØG RI: 3PRN will provide output “1”
on single-phase-to-groundfault only and will operateRI2.
RI Type settingØØ, ØG, RI: 3PRN will provide output “1”
on single- phase- to- groundfault or 2-phase faults, andwill operate RI2.
RI Type setting3Ø, ØØ, ØØG, ØØ RI:
3PRN will provide output “1” on anytype of fault, and will operate RI2.
The Zone1 RI (Z1RI), Zone2 RI (Z2RI) and Zone3 RI (Z3RI) settings are provided for pro-gramming on applications where the Reclosing Initiation on Zone1, Zone2 or Zone3trip is desired. Logic AND-62A is controlled by the signal of 3PRN, therefore, the settingof ØG RI (1PR), ØØ, ØG, RI (2PR) and 3Ø, ØØ, ØØG, ØØ RI (3PR) also affect the Zone1RI,Zone2RI and Zone3RI.
In general, the Reclosing Block (RB) relay will operate on TDT (Time Delay Trip) or OSB(Out-of-Step Block condition). However, it will be disabled by the setting of Zone1RI,Zone2RI, and Zone3RI signal.
2.4.15 Output Contact Test
A “Push-to-Close” feature is included in order to check all output relay contacts, whichinclude TRIP, BFI, RI2, RB, AL1, AL2, GS, Carrier Send (Pilot), Carrier Stop (Pilot) andeach separate programmable contact output when purchased. The relay contact checkis supplementary to the self-check because the Microprocessor self-check routine can-not detect the output hardware. In order to enable the contact test, jumper (JMP5) onthe Microprocessor module must be connected. (See Table 5-3 for detailed procedures.)
2.4.16 Out-of-Step Block Logic
The Out-of-Step Blocking (OSB) logic (power swing block supervision) in REL 301/302is a double blinder scheme. It contains two blinder units, providing 4 blinder lines. Thenature of the logic (shown in Figure 2-18a) is that the outer blinder 21BO must operate50ms or more ahead of the inner blinder 21BI, in order for an OSB condition to beidentified. The OSB signal is a negated input to the AND-131 (Z1Ø), AND-147 (Z2P),AND-160 Zone3Ø (Z3P) , and AND-176 Pilot Ø (PLTP) for supervising the 3-phase dis-tance trip. In addition to controlling the OSB logic, the blinder units also may be usedto supervise distance relay tripping. Phase distance unit tripping cannot take place
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unless 21BI operates. This prevents operation of the distance relay on load. The OSBsignal is also applied to the reclosing logic for initiating RB.
The following quantities are used for the blinder sensing:
VXG = Phase to ground voltage, VAG or VBG
IX = Phase current in φA or φB
RC = Setting of the unit OS inner for 21BI (RT) or OS outer for 21BO (RU). RT for innerblinder (21BI), RU for outer blinder (21BO).
PANG = The positive sequence line impedance angle. Setting of (Ang Pos.).
Operation occurs if the operating voltage leads the polarizing voltage. The character-istics are as shown in Figure 2-18b.
Blinder reaches are determined by the setting of OS inner and OS outer, respectively.
2.4.16.1 Subsequent Out-of-Step Security Logic
Model power system tests, when using a motor-generator-set, show that the Zone1 im-pedance unit may overreach or respond to a reversed fault. This was attributable tomotor-generator set instability following delayed clearing on an external fault. TheZone1 relay, in all cases, identified the fault location and type correctly and respondedmuch later to the swing condition.
Logic was added utilizing the inner blinder and Zone1 sensing sequence, plus a 50 mstiming action (as shown in Figure 2-18a), AND-131A, AND-131B, AND-131C and OR-122A, to differentiate between a fault and a subsequent out-of-step condition. Thislogic will not affect normal Zone1 trip time, nor will it affect normal out-of-step block-ing.
2.4.17 Oscillographic Data
The oscillographic data has 8 samples per cycle, 1 cycle pre-trigger and 7 cycles post-trigger. It includes 16 events and 24 digital intermediate targets (test points). The datacan be accessed via the communication port.
The oscillographic data is controlled by one of the following selections in the OSC Datafunction:
Trip (TRIP) — data taken only if trip action occurs
Zone2 (Z2TR) — data taken if Zone2 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
BlinderLine Polarizing Operating
Left -j(VXG + IXRC (PANG–90°) IX (PANG–90°)
Right j(VXG - IXRC (PANG–90°) IX (PANG–90°)
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Zone2, Zone3(Z2Z3) — start data taken if Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up, or any trip action
occurs.
∆V or ∆I (∆V∆I) — start data taken if ∆I, ∆V, Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up, or anytrip action occurs.
NOTE: See 2.4.10 for ∆V ∆I setting.
2. 5 REL 302 PILOT SYSTEM
NOTE: The external Pilot Enable Switch (Terminals TB4/9 and TB4/10) mustbe used in conjunction with the Pilot setting to enable the pilot system.
2.5.1 Pilot System Type
The REL 302 functional display (see Section 4, Table 4-1, Sheet 2 of 4) Function Field“SystType ” is used for pilot system selection, as follows:
• Non-pilot, 3 Zone distance
• Zone1 extension (non-pilot)
• POTT (Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking).....(pilot)
• PUTT (Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip).....(pilot)
• Blocking .....(pilot)
The following settings are recommended for POTT and BLOCKING systems:
OSC Date - Zone2, Zone3Flt Data - TripFDOG Time - longer than 3 cyclesPilot Ø/Pilot G - 150% overreach the next busZone1Ø/Zone1G - 80% of the protected lineZone3Ø/Zone3G - 100% of the reversed lineZone3 - Reverse dir.
2.5.1.1 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking
If the functional display “SystType ” is set at the POTT position, REL 302 will performeither the POTT scheme or the Simplified Unblocking scheme, depending on the ap-plied pilot channel.
The basic operating concepts of a POTT scheme are:
1) Pilot relays, pilot phase and pilot ground (Pilot Ø/and PLTG) are set to overreach thenext bus.
2) Pilot channel is a frequency shift type device; its signal may be through eithermetallic wire, leased telephone circuits, power line carrier, microwave, or fiberoptic channels.
3) Transmitter frequency should be different at each terminal: channel is normallyoperated on a guard frequency; and the channel frequency will be shifted fromguard to trip when the pilot relay(s) are operated. Pilot tripping is performed
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when the pilot relay(s) operate and a pilot trip frequency signal from the remoteend is received.
The basic operating concepts of a Simplified Unblocking scheme are the same as thePOTT scheme, except for differences in applied pilot channel equipment. In an un-blocking scheme; the pilot channel is usually a frequency-shift type power line carrier.The transmitter frequency must be different at each terminal. It is normally operatedon a blocking frequency and will be shifted to an unblocking frequency when the pilotrelay(s) operate. The carrier receiver should provide logic for which, in the event ofloss-of-channel or low SNR ratio, the pilot trip circuit is automatically locked out aftera short time delay. Pilot trip is provided, however, if the tripping distance relay(s) op-erate during this short time period between loss-of-channel and pilot trip lockout. ABBtype TCF-10B receiver provides this logic; it provides a 150 ms trip window, then au-tomatic lockout after loss-of-channel. Provision for a second high-speed pilot trip isprovided, for the situation when a permanent fault causes a permanent loss-of-chan-nel and the breaker closes onto the fault.
The operating concepts of the pilot distance measurement units Pilot Ø/PLTG are thesame as for the non-pilot Zone distance measurement units, and are supervised bythe same LOP Blk , OSB, IOM, FDOP, and FDOG, units, as shown in Figure 2-20. Thepilot phase and/or pilot ground function(s) can be disabled by setting the Pilot Ø and/or Pilot G to the OUT position.
The POTT and Simplified Unblocking schemes include the following kinds of logic:
a. Tripping logic (Figure 2-21)
(1) For a forward external fault, the local pilot relay Pilot Ø and/or PLTG sees the fault,operates and keys. The output from OR-40 will satisfy the first input to AND-30.Assuming that reverse block (TBM) logic does not operate and pilot enable is set,then three out of four inputs of AND-30 are satisfied, but pilot trip should not oc-cur since the remote transmitter still sends a guard (or blocking) frequency signal.
(2) For an internal fault, the pilot relays at both ends Pilot Ø and/or PLTG see the in-ternal fault and operate; in addition, the overcurrent supervision output(s),together with the received trip (or unblocking) frequency signal CR via AND-44(Figure 2-22), satisfy AND-30 (Figure 2-21). Pilot trip signal PT will be applied toOR-2 from AND-30. High speed pilot trip (HST) would be obtained. Targets ofPilotØ and/or PLTG will be turned-on after the breaker trips.
b. Carrier Keying Logic (Figure 2-22)
(1) Forward Fault Keying
For a forward internal or external fault, the local pilot relay Pilot Ø and/or PLTGsees the fault and picks up, operates OR-40, AND-45, OR-18, and AND-35 if pilotenable is set, and functional display “SystType ” is set at POTT position. Outputsignal from AND-35 will operate the reed relay (CARSND), key the local transmit-ter, shift the transmitting frequency from guard to trip (or from a blocking to anunblocking), to allow the remote pilot relay system to trip.
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(2) Echo Keying †
Since the POTT and the Simplified Unblocking schemes require the receiving of apermissive signal from the remote end, for pilot trip, provision should be made forcovering the condition when the remote breaker is opened.
When the remote breaker is opened, the inputs of AND34B (Figure 2-22) will satisfythe NOT FORWARD, NOT REVERSE and 52b=1 conditions. Any carrier RCVR (CR)will produce an output from AND 34B and also a SEND signal from AND 35 viaOR-18. This echo keying will be stopped after 150 ms due to the input timer ofAND 34B.
(3) Signal Continuation
This logic includes the signal of TRSL, 0/150 ms timer, OR-18, and AND-35. The0/150 ms signal continuation time is required to keep the local transmitter at thetrip frequency (or unblocking) for 150 ms after the local end high speed trips whichincludes pilot trip, Zone1 trip, and high-set overcurrent trip, in case of sequentialtrip on the system. This logic will be disabled by the signal via TDT, the 0 / 300ms timer (AND-34A) on any time delay trip operation, and will also be disabled byCIF Trip (CIF) (AND 49A).
c. Carrier Receiving Logic (Figure 2-22)
This logic includes OR-15 (not shown) and AND-44. Output “trip” (or unblocking) fre-quency signal from the carrier receiver operates the logic OR-15 and will produce acarrier trip (CR) signal from AND-44.
d. Channel Indicators (Figure 2-22)
The memorized Car Send (SEND) indicator will be displayed after the breaker trips andthe frequency shifts to trip or unblocking by the transmitter during the fault. Thememorized RX Ch1 indicator will be displayed after the breaker trips and a carrier tripsignal is received from the receiver.
e. TBM, Transient Block and Unblock Logic
For a loop system or a paralleled line application, power reversal may introduce prob-lems to the pilot relay system especially when a 3-terminal line is involved, since thedistance units may have to be set greater than 150% of ZL in order to accommodatethe infeed effect from the tapped terminal. They may see the external fault on the par-allel line when the third source is out of service. The transient block and unblock logic(TBM) is used to solve this problem.
There are some other typical cases of the protected line being tripped by a ground di-rectional relay upon clearing of a fault in the adjacent (but not parallel) line. When theadjacent line breaker trips, it interrupts the current in the faulted phase as well as theload current in the unfaulted phases. Dependent on the direction of this load current,and the contact asymmetry of the breaker, there can be a short pulse of load-derivedIo with possible “tripping direction” polarity, which provides an electrical forward-torque to the ground directional relay. Therefore, it is desired to increase the securityand the transient block timer (0/50) logic will be included automatically in the appli-cation if SystType = POTT is set. For POTT application, the Zone3 (Z3FR) setting
† Refer to Table 4-1 for Setting Cross-reference.
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should be set to “Reverse Dir” and Zone3Ø (Z3P), Z3G should be set to 100% ofthe line impedance.
f. Channel Simulation†
The test function selection provides the capability to simulate the TK switch functionfor keying action via OR-18 and AND-35 without the operation of pilot relay units, andto simulate the RS switch function for receiving of a trip or unblocking frequency sig-nal action without the operation from the remote transmitter.
g. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-19)
The basic programmable RI application is as described in Section 3.4.14. However, onpilot systems, to activate the RI2 on any 3-pole high-speed trip, the external pilot en-ables switch should be ON, and the Pilot (PLT) and Zone1RI (Z1RI) should be set toYES. The operation will occur via the logic AND-89, AND-84 and OR-84A as shown inFigure 2-19.
2.5.1.2 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip
The basic operating concepts of a PUTT scheme are:
(1) Pilot relays (Pilot Ø and PLTG) are set to overreach. The pilot channel is a frequen-cy-shift type device, and the transmitter frequency should be different at eachterminal; its signal may be passed through metallic wire or microwave.
(2) Channel is normally operated with a guard frequency, the channel frequency willbe shifted from guard to trip when the Zone1 reach relay (Z1Ø/Zone1G) operates,and pilot trip is performed when the pilot relay (Pilot Ø and/or PLTG) operates, to-gether with the receiving of a carrier trip signal from the remote end.
PUTT includes the following logic: the functional display (SystType) should be set toPUTT position.
a. Pilot Tripping Logic
The Pilot Tripping Logic for the PUTT scheme is exactly the same as for the POTTscheme (Figures 2-20, 2-21).
b. Carrier Keying Logic
(1) Forward fault keying (Figure 2-23)
For a forward end Zone fault, the PUTT scheme will not key except when the internal faultis within Zone1. This means that the PUTT scheme keys only on Zone1 faults. Keying flowsvia AND-46, OR-18 and AND-35.
(2) Signal continuation (Figure 2-22)
Same as for POTT scheme.
The TBM logic is not required because the carrier keying units are set underreach.
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NOTE: For open breaker condition, the echo keying will not work due to lackof the “SEND” signal from the remote terminal for an end Zone fault.The remote terminal relies on Zone2 to clear the fault.
c. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-19)
Same as for POTT scheme.
d. Carrier Receiving Logic (Figure 2-22)
Same as for POTT scheme.
e. Channel Indicators (Figure 2-22)
Same as for POTT scheme.
2.5.1.3 Directional Comparison Blocking
The basic operating concept of a Directional Comparison Blocking system (Blocking)are:
1) Pilot relays (Pilot Ø/PLTG) are set to overreach; the Zone3 relays Zone3Ø/Zone3G must be set in the reverse direction to detect the reverse external faults andfor carrier start.
2) Pilot channel is an “ON-OFF” type power line carrier. Transmitter frequency ateach terminal can be the same. Channel is normally OFF until the carrier startrelay senses the fault and starts the transmitter.
3) Pilot trip is performed when the pilot relay(s) operate(s) and a carrier blockingsignal is not received.
The (Blocking) system, as shown in Figure 2-24, includes the following logic (functionaldisplay “SystType ” should be set at the Blocking position):
a. Tripping Logic (Figure 2-24)
1) For a forward internal fault, the local pilot relay (Pilot Ø and/or PLTG) sees thefault; output signal of OR-40 disables and stops the carrier start circuit (the ∆Iand ∆V starts the carrier before the distance unit picks up), via OR-16, S.Q. Tim-er (0/150 ms) and AND-50, to prevent the local transmitter from starting. (Thereceiver receives the signal from both local and remote transmitters.) At thesame time, output of OR-40 will satisfy one input of AND-48 and also starts thechannel coordination timer (BLKT) , range 0 to 98, in 2 ms steps. (See section5.5.8d for BLKT setting.) After the preset time of the channel coordination timer,logic AND-47 will satisfy AND-48, if there is no received carrier signal from eitherremote or local on internal faults, and if the local transient block circuit (TBM)does not setup. Then AND-48 output will satisfy AND-52 and will produce pilottrip. Pilot trip target would be the same as for POTT.
2) For a forward external fault, the local pilot relay (Pilot Ø and/or PLTG) sees thefault, and operates in the same manner as for the forward internal faults. How-ever, at the remote terminal, the carriers units ∆I/∆V/ Zone3 Ø(R)/Z3G(R)/RDOG also sees this external fault and turns-on the transmitter via OR-41,
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AND-51, AND-50, OR-18, and AND-35, sending a blocking signal to the otherterminals. The local receiver receives the blocking signal, disables the operationof AND-47; therefore, AND-48 will produce no carrier trip signal for AND-52.
b. Carrier Keying Logic
3) Reverse fault keying (Figure 2-24)
4) For a reverse fault, the ∆I and ∆V as well as the local reverse-looking relayZone3Ø)(R)/Z3G(R) or RDOG sees the fault, operates the CARSND relay andstarts the transmitter, sending a blocking signal to the other terminals.
NOTE: The use of ∆I and ∆V for carrier start provides more security to the block-ing scheme.
1) This keying circuit includes logic OR-50A, AND-50, AND-173, OR-41, AND-51,OR-18 and AND-35. The logic of AND -50B and the 32/0 ms timer circuit stopsthe internal fault “SEND” on a weakfeed condition.
2) Since the present keying practice on (OUT) system uses either the contact open(negative or positive removal keying) or contact close (positive keying) approach,a form-C dry contact output for keying is provided in REL 302.
3) Signal continuation and TBM logic
4) For a reverse fault, both the local carrier start relay(s) and the remote pilot re-lay(s) see the fault and operate. The local carrier start relay(s) start the carrierand send a blocking signal to block the remote pilot relay from tripping. After thefault is cleared by the external breaker, the remote breaker may have a tendencyto trip falsely if the carrier start unit resets faster than the pilot trip unit. The 0/50 ms timer between the OR-41 and AND-51 holds the carrier signal for 50 msafter the carrier start units have been reset for improving this problem. This logicalso provides transient block and unblock (TBM) effect on power reversal.
5) The subsequent out-of-step condition, as described in Section 3.4.17.1, maycause the reverse looking units to fail to operate on external faults, and intro-duce false pilot tripping at the other end. Enhanced logic has been added to thedesign as shown in Figure 2-24, which includes OR-41C, 32/0 ms timer, AND-41B and OR-41. It utilizes the not FDOP (or FDOG) and LV condition (LV unitscan be set between 40 and 60 volts) to initiate the TBM circuit; and sends ablocking signal to the remote end. Set OS Block to YES for supervising AND-41Bwhen this enhanced logic is required in the application. Set Weakfeed to YES ifthis terminal may become a weakfeed condition.
6) Internal fault preference and squelch
7) On a close-in fault, the carrier start unit may operate and start the transmitter.This operation may block the system from pilot tripping. The negating signalfrom OR-16 to AND-50 will provide an internal fault preference feature for solv-ing this problem. The squelch 0/150 ms timer is required for improving theproblem if the local breaker tripped faster than the remote breaker on an inter-nal fault. The logic holds the carrier key circuit on the “stop” mode for 150 msafter any high speed tripping, including pilot trip, Zone1 trip and instantaneousovercurrent trip.
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c. Carrier Receiving Logic (Figure 2-24)
Carrier signal from the receiver output will be directly applied to AND-47 to disable thepilot tripping function.
d. Channel Indication (not shown in Figure 2-24)
Since the carrier channel turns “ON” for external faults only, the channel indicators(Car Send and Rx Ch1) should not be sealed-in. †
e. Channel Simulation
Same as for POTT scheme.
f. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-19)
Same as for POTT scheme.
2.5.2 Pilot Ground Overcurrent
Pilot Ground Overcurrent is more dependable on high resistance faults because it issupplemented with FDOG and IOM (refer to Figure 2-25).
Pilot ground is more secure on POTT/unblocking schemes on some special power sys-tem conditions, such as shown in Figure 2-26. A ØØG fault is on the paralleled linesection. Due to the system condition, fault current flows in the protected line wouldbe I1+I2 from A to B, and Io from B to A. The operation of pilot distance relays wouldbe a phase relay at A and a ground relay at B. The result would be erroneous direc-tional comparison of an external fault as an “internal” one. The POTT/unblockingscheme will incorrectly trip out of the protected line.
REL 302 POTT/Unblocking pilot ground unit (PLTG/FDOG) is supervised by the re-verse-looking ground unit (RDOG). The “Reverse-Block” logic is as shown in Figure 2-31. At terminal A, the RDOG disables the PLTG/FDOG trip/key functions via AND-35and AND-30. At terminal B, it will receive no carrier signal for permissive trip. The re-verse-block logic also provides the conventional TBM feature to prevent false operationon power reversal. It should be noted that a “Block-the-Block” logic is also included inthe circuit, as shown in Figure 2-31. The Block-the-Block logic is to prevent the Re-verse-Block logic from over-blocking (see the following system condition). If the breakeris unequal-pole closing on a ØG fault, say pole-A, pole B and C close at a later time(refer to Figure 2-27). If, due to breaker contact asymmetry, the first breaker contact toclose is the one of the faulted-phase, the zero-sequence (or Negative Sequ) polarizingvoltage will initially have a polarity opposite to its fault-derived polarity, the reverse-looking ground unit could pick-up for a short period, issue a blocking order, and main-tain it for 50 ms consequently, the correct tripping will be delayed. The Block-the-Block logic would prevent this delaying. The Reverse-Block logic also includes the re-verse looking Zone3Ø /Z3G units as shown in Figure 2-31.
2.5.3 High Resistance Ground Fault Supplement
Supplemental protection is provided on overreaching pilot systems to detect high re-sistance ground faults. The instantaneous forward directional overcurrent ground
† Refer to Table 4-1 for Setting Cross-reference.
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function (FDOG) works in conjunction with the pilot ground distance unit. The FDOGdirectional unit is determined by the setting of Dir Type (DIRU) (Zero Sequence /Nega-tive Sequ / Dual Polariz) . Refer to Section 3.4.11 for the setting of Dir Type (DIRU). FDOGis supervised by the Iom setting. A coordination timer FDOG Timer (T/0) is providedto allow preference for pilot ground distance (mho) unit operation. The delay time (T)can be set from 0 to 15 cycles in 1 cycle steps. It is recommended to set the FDOGTimer to 3 cycles or longer for security reasons.
2.5.4 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground
Similar to FDOG, the instantaneous reverse directional overcurrent ground function(RDOG) supplements the pilot Zone logic.
2.5.4.1 Supplement to Reverse Zone3 Ground Trip
In the blocking system, RDOG, supervised by IOS, provides additional ground fault de-tection (high resistance) beyond what is available by Z3G (reverse looking) for carrierstart.
2.5.4.2 Carrier Ground Start, Blocking Scheme
In the POTT/UNBLOCK systems, RDOG supervises PLTG and prevents keying or trip-ping on reverse faults.
2.5.4.3 Weakfeed System Application
For weakfeed applications, an inherent part of the logic requires reverse fault detec-tion; Zone3Ø/Z3G and RDOG supply this requirement.
2.5.5 3-terminal Line Application
For a 3-terminal (OUT) application, since the frequency of the 3 transmitters are thesame, any one transmitter starting will block the pilot system from tripping, therefore,logic for the 3-terminal (OUT) pilot system would be the same as that used for the 2-terminal (OUT) system. However, for POTT/PUTT/UNBLK systems, since the transmit-ter frequency is different at each terminal, logic for the second receiver (RCVR-2)should be added to the system when the application involves 3-terminals. Functionaldisplay “3Term” should be set at “YES” position when the 3-terminal line is applied.
a. Additional Logic For POTT and Simplified Unblocking (Figure 2-28)
This logic includes contact converters (CC) for RCVR-2, AND-55, and logic forthe second receive indication. The second receiver output operates the contactconverter (or voltage). Output of AND-55 provides carrier trip signal (CR) tosatisfy AND-30 via AND-64 and allows pilot tripping.
b. Additional Logic for PUTT (Figure 2-29)
The additional logic for this scheme would be similar to that as described forPOTT scheme, except logic includes AND-56, AND-57 and 50/ms timer. Thisis because only the Zone1 reach relay keys the transmitter on internal faults.For a close-in Zone1 fault, only the local terminal can key its transmitter andthe other two cannot. This logic provides a CR pilot trip signal for 50 ms for
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system security. For a fault which can be detected by relays at two terminals,AND-55 logic can be satisfied, then pilot trip will be performed via the logic inthe usual way.
2.5.6 Weakfeed Trip Application
a. Block/Weakfeed
The logic for a weakfeed terminal is not required for the (Blocking) system be-cause the (Blocking) system requires no permissive trip signal from the remoteend, even though the remote end is a weakfeed terminal. The strong end hasno problem tripping for an internal fault. The weak end is usually assumed ei-ther as a “no feed” source, for which it does not need to trip on an internalfault, or it can pilot trip sequentially.
NOTE: Refer to Figure 2-24, logic AND-41B and OR-41C, Weakfeed should beset to YES if OS Block is set to YES and this terminal may become aweak condition.
For the bench test, at the conditions of V = 0 and I = 0, the carrier key-ing contacts will be closed for the settings of OS Block = YES and Weak-feed = NO. In an actual system, 52b will be applied to OR41C, becauseof V = 0 and I = 0, and the carrier keying signal will not be sent.
b. PUTT/Weakfeed
The logic for a weakfeed terminal is not required for the PUTT system. Becausethe PUTT system uses underreaching relay(s) only for pilot trip keying, it is im-possible to apply this scheme to protect a system which may have weakfeedcondition.
c. POTT/ Weakfeed
For POTT and unblocking schemes, at the weak source terminal, the Zone3Ø/Z3G distance relays should be set for reverse-looking, and the undervoltageunits (LVA, LVB, LVC) should be used. The basic operating principle of theweakfeed trip logic for the POTT and simplified unblocking scheme is asfollows:
1) Echo key for trip permission (Figure 2-30)
On internal faults, the strong source end sends the trip (or unblocking) frequen-cy signal to the weak end, and its pilot trip relay(s) will trip, once it receives echotrip permission from the weak end. The pilot trip relay(s) at the weak end cannotpick up due to not enough internal fault energy, and does not perform the nor-mal keying function. With one weakfeed condition, when the weak end receivesa trip or unblocking signal, the output from the receiver operates the echo keylogic AND-65, providing both pilot relay (from OR-40) and reverse-looking relay(from OR-41) do not pick-up, and if system disturbance is detected (∆V or ∆I).Output of AND-65 will key the weak terminal transmitter to the trip or unblock-ing frequency via OR-18, AND-35. On weak end reverse external fault, the strongsource end sends the trip (or unblocking) frequency signal to the weak end, andits pilot trip relay(s) is waiting to receive the echo trip permission from the weakend. However, at the weak end, the echo key logic AND-65 will not operate, andbecause of the reverse looking relay operation, it sends no echo signal to thestrong end. Both the strong/weak ends will not trip on this external fault.
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2) Weak end trip on internal fault (Figure 2-30)
The output of AND-65 (start echo keying) together with no output from OR-40(pilot trip relays), and with output from OR-44 (low voltage condition) will satisfyAND-66; weakfeed trip will be performed after 50 ms via OR-2. The timer delayis for coordination because the voltage trip units are non-directional.
2.5.7 Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch
For a pilot system, the BFI signal can be used to stop (for a blocking system) or start(for permissive schemes) the carrier channel and allow the remote terminal to tripshould the local breaker fail to trip. The problem is how to inhibit the remote terminalfrom reclosing.
REL 301/302 solves this problem by the RB on BF squelch logic in the RI/RB software.This logic is as shown in Figure 2-19, which includes AND-61A and a 132/0 ms timer.
If the BFRB is set to “YES” the logic will initiate RB at 132 ms (about 8 cycles) after thefault is detected by ∆I or ∆V, assuming the pilot is enabled and the TRSL signal is re-ceived on any 3-pole high speed trip operation (Zone1 trip, pilot trip or high set trip).
2. 6 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS
Most of the functions described in this section can be directed (single or combined) tothe programmable contact outputs. Refer to Section 4.10 for further details.
2. 7 FAULT DATA
The REL 301/302 system saves the latest sixteen fault records for all zones. The latesttwo fault records can be accessed either via the front panel or via the communicationport. Fault records 3 thru 16 can only be accessed via the communication port. On thefront panel, the “L- FLT” information is of the last fault, the “P- FLT” information is ofthe previous fault. These displays contain target information. When targets are avail-able, the last fault related LEDs flash. Once per second if only L-FLT contains targets,twice per second if two or more fault records are contained. These records can be de-leted by applying a rated voltage to the Ext. Reset Terminals (TB4/7 and TB4/8), orthrough a remote communication interface. By pressing the Reset pushbutton, theLEDs will be reset but the fault information will still be retained.
The activation of fault data storage is controlled by the selection of TRIP/Zone2/Zone2, Zone3 in the Flt Data (FDAT) function, where:
TRIP — to store fault data only if trip action occurs.
Zone2(Z2TR) — to store fault data if Zone2 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
Zone2, Zone3(Z2Z3) — to store fault data if Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up or any trip action
occurs.
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2-24 (10/94)
R
* Zone3 set in reverse direction
NOTE: ZoneX G = “TRIP DIRECTION’ Reach
ZoneXG R = “NON-TRIP” Reach
Z2
Zone1G R
Zone2G R
FDOGRDOG
+jX
Zone2 G
Figure 2-2 Mho Characteristic for Phase-Ground Faults
Z3Z1
Ang Pos
Zone3 G*
Zone1 G
Zone3G R*
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Figure 2-5a. Logic Drawing Symbols
AND
ANDINPUTSA
BOUTPUT
INPUTSOUTPUT
A B00II
0I0I
000I
A B
ELECTROMECHANICALCONTACT EQUIVALENT
SIGNAL ON ALL INPUTS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE AN OUTPUT
Notes: I – Active state of a signal (may be defined as positive or negative voltage or current)
0 – Inactive state of a signal (reference)
– Can have more than two (2) inputs
ORINPUTSA
BOUTPUT
INPUTSOUTPUT
A B
00II
0I0I
0III
ELECTROMECHANICALCONTACT EQUIVALENT
SIGNAL INPUT WILL PRODUCE AN OUTPUTALL INPUTS PRODUCE AN OUTPUT
A
B
INCLUSIVE OR
INPUTS OUTPUT
0
I
I
0
NEGATION (NOT)
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUTOR
ABSENCE OF INPUT SIGNAL PRODUCES OUTPUT
TIMERS
INPUT OUTPUTTPTD
Input changes to Active State “1” -Output changes to Active State AfterTime Delay “On Pickup” (TP)
Input Changes to Inactive State “0”(Only After Having Been Active) -Output Changes to Inactive State AfterTime Delay “On Dropout”
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9655A81Sub 1
Figure 2-9. Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup Logic
Figure 2-10. Loss-of-Potential Logic
9655A82Sub 3
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Figure 2-14. Instantaneous Overcurrent Highset Trip Logic
Figure 2-13. Overcurrent Supervision
9658A85Sub 1
9657A58
Sub 1
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Figure 2-25. PLTG Supplemented by FDOG
9657A65Sub 2
Figure 2-26. Power Reversed on POTT/Unblocking Schemes9654A17*Sub 1
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Figure 2-27. Unequal Pole Closing on Fault
9654A29Sub 1
Figure 2-28. Additional Logic for POTT/Unblocking Schemes on 3-Terminal Line Application
9654A30Sub 1
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1501B84
Sub 6
Figure 2-31. Reversible Zone3 Phase and Ground (Reverse Block Logic)
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Figure 2-32. CO-2 Curve Characteristics
619596
Sub 2
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Figure 2-33. CO-5 Curve Characteristic
619597
Sub 2
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Figure 2-34. CO-6 Curve Characteristic
619598
Sub 2
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Figure 2-35. CO-7 Curve Characteristic
619599
Sub 2
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Figure 2-36. CO-8 Curve Characteristic
619600
Sub 2
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Figure 2-37. CO-9 Curve Characteristic
619601
Sub 2
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Figure 2-38. CO-11 Curve Characteristic
619602
Sub 2
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3.1. MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SETTING RANGES
DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
• Three variable mho phase-to-ground units and one variable mho phase-to-phaseimpedance unit per zone. Three Zones Phase and Ground Distance (Zone1, 2, 3):
0.01 - 50 ohms in 0.01 ohm steps for 5 A (ct type)0.05 - 250 ohms in 0.05 ohm steps for 1 A (ct type)Any Zone (phase or ground distance) can be disabled
• Zone Timers – Separate timers for phase and ground:
Zone1 (0 to 15 cycles in 1 cycle steps)Zone2 (0.10 to 2.99 seconds in 0.01 second steps, Blocked of Torque Control)Zone3 (1.10 to 9.99 seconds in 0.01 second steps, Blocked)Forward Directional Ground Timer (FDOGTime) (0 to 15 cycles in 1 cycle steps,Blocked)
OVERCURRENT MEASUREMENTS
• One ground directional (Inst. G) and one phase directional (Inst. Ø) high-set over-current setting for (IAH, IBH, ICH, IOH):
2.0 - 150 in 0.5 A steps for 5 A (ct type)0.4 - 30 in 0.1 A steps for 1 A (ct type)
• Three-phase non-directional overcurrent units (IAL, IBL, ICL) for Load Loss Trip andClose-Into Fault Trip with one setting (Low IØ).
• One ground overcurrent unit (3I0s) for Loss Of Current monitoring.
• Three non-directional medium set overcurrent units (IAM, IBM, ICM) for phase dis-tance supervision with one setting (IM).
• One non-directional medium set ground overcurrent unit (I0M) for ground distancesupervision with one setting (3I0M).
0.5 - 10 in 0.5 A steps for 5 A (ct type)0.1 - 2 in 0.1 A steps for 1 A (ct type)
• Three inverse time overcurrent units with CO type characteristics (see Figures 2-32through 2-38) for Zone2 phase torque control, time delay:
Pickup (0.5 - 10.0) in 0.1 A steps for 5 A (ct type).Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curvesper family.
(Pickup (0.1 - 2.0) in 0.1 A steps for 1 A (ct type).)
• One inverse time overcurrent ground unit with CO characteristics (see Figures 2-32through 2-38) for Zone2 ground torque control, time delay:
Pickup (0.5 - 10.0) in 0.1 A steps for 5 A (ct type).Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curves perfamily.
(Pickup (0.1 - 2.0) in 0.1 A steps for 1 A (ct type).)
Section 3. SETTING CALCULATIONS
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• One inverse overcurrent ground unit with CO characteristics (see Figures 2-32through 2-38) for ground backup:
Pickup (0.5 - 4.0) in 0.1 A steps for 5 A (ct type).Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curvesper family.Set for directional or non-directional operation.
(Pickup (0.1 - 2.0) in 0.1 A steps for 1 A (ct type).)
• One forward set instantaneous directional overcurrent ground unit. (REL 302 only,Pilot-high resistance ground faults, supervised by ICM).)
• One reverse set instantaneous directional overcurrent ground unit. (REL 302 only,Carrier Start, Weakfeed and Transient Block Logic, supervised by IOS.)
UNDERVOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
• Three under-voltage units (LVA, LVB, LVC) for Close-Into-Fault, Loss of Potential andWeakfeed Trip (REL 302 only) supervision with one setting (Low V).
40 to 60 Vrms in 1 - Volt steps.
OHMS PER UNIT DISTANCE (x / Dist)
• For fault locator measurement
0.300 - 1.500 in 0.001 Ohms per Distance Unit (Kilometers or Miles) in primaryohms.
OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK (OS Block)
• OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Override Timer400 - 4000 ms in 16 ms steps
• OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Inner Blinder (RT)1.0 - 15.0 Ohms in 0.1 Ohm steps
NOTE: The inner blinder (RT) is a required setting since it is used as a loadrestriction blinder even when OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK is not used.
• OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Outer Blinder (RU)3.0 - 15.0 Ohms in 0.1 Ohm steps
3.2. CALCULATION OF REL 301/302 SETTINGS
The following REL 301/302 setting calculations correspond to the setting categoriesin the Installation Section (4). Assume that the protected line has the following data:
• 18.27 miles
• Line reactance 0.8 ohms/mile
• 69 kV, 60 cycles
• Positive and negative sequence impedances:
• ZIL (Pri) = Z2L (Pri) = 15∠77° ohms
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(10/94) 3-3
• Zero sequence impedance: /Z0L (pri) = 50∠73° ohms
• Current Transformer Ratio (CTR):RC = 1200/5 = 240 (Set CTR = 240)
• Voltage Transformer Ratio (VTR):RV = 600/1 = 600(Set VTR = 600)
Relay secondary ohmic impedances are:
Z = Zpri x RC/RV
Z1L = Z2L = 15∠77° x 240/600 = 6∠77° ohms
Z0L = 50∠73° x 240/600 = 20∠73° ohms
3.2.1 Ratio of Zero and Positive Sequence Impedances (ZR)
ZR = Z0L/Z1L = 20/6 = 3.33
Then REL 301/302 will automatically calculate the zero sequence current compensa-tion factor (k0) by using the value of ZOL/ZIL, i.e.,
NOTE: The setting range of ZOL/ZIL has been expanded 0.1 - 7.0 to 0.1 - 10.Also the setting ranges of Ang Pos. (Positive sequence line impedanceangle) and Ang Zero (Zero sequence line impedance angle) have been ex-panded from 40° -90° to 10° -90° as well. These changes were made toaccommodate a wide variety of system components and configurations.However, the selection of each setting has to be carefully considered ifthe maximum fault current is 200 Amperes (secondary or above).
If the maximum fault current is 200 Amperes (secondary) the followingrestrictions must be observed:
ZOL/ZIL less than or equal to 7.5The setting difference of |Ang Pos| - |Ang Zero| = 50 or less
If the maximum fault current is less than 200 Amperes (secondary)these restrictions do not apply.
3.2.2 Zone1 Distance Settings
A setting of 80% of the line impedance for Zone1 reach is recommended, thus theZone1 phase and ground reach should be
Zone1 Ø = 6 x 0.8 = 4.8 andZone1 G = 6 x 0.8 = 4.8
NOTE: Zone1 Ø and Zone1 G can be set for different values if the applica-tion is required.
As stated above, start with a setting of 80% of the line impedance for the Zone1 reachsetting. Adjustment of the Zone1 reach (line percentage) should be considered if anyof the following are true:
k0= Z0L Z1L–( )/3Z1L= ZR GANG PANG– 1–( )∠[ ]/3
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1) If the calculated Zone1 impedance is 0.5 ohms (secondary) or less the line per-centage, used for the calculation, should be 70-75%.
2) If the Source Impedance Ratio or SIR, (ratio of positive sequence source imped-ance to positive sequence line impedance) is in the range of 3-5 the line percent-age, used for the calculation, should be no more than 75%.
3) Circuit fault impedance angles in the range of 80 degrees produce dc time con-sonant of about one cycle. One cycle time constants result in maximum over-reach error of about 16%. Hence the line percentage used should be no morethan 70 - 75%. If the total fault impedance angle is greater than 86 degrees, thedc time constant is greater than 2.3 cycles, and the overreach error is reducedto 10 percent or less. The same is true if the fault impedance angle is less than75 degrees. If system fault impedance angles are known to be either above 86degrees or below 75 degrees, the line percentage, used for the Zone1 calculation,can be increased by 5 percent. (All angles are based on 60 Hz systems.)
4) If CCVT’s, of the low-capacitance type, (e.g. 1960’s vintage PCA-5 and PCA-8 de-signs) are in use, the line percentage, used for the Zone1 calculation, should be70-75%. Severe subsidence-transient related overreach has been noted in caseswhere low-capacitance CCVT’s are used in “short line” applications. An alterna-tive to reducing the Zone1 setting, is to introduce a Zone1 time delay (T1) of oneor two cycles and using the 80 percent Zone1 reach calculation.
3.2.3 Distance Unit Reverse Reach Settings
Ground distance units in the REL 301/302 have a reverse reach setting as well as theforward reach setting discussed in the Zone1 ground distance setting example above.The reverse reach setting is intended to change the diameter of the ground mho char-acteristic, which increases coverage along the resistive (R) axis, while holding thereach in the “maximum torque” direction fixed. (See Figure 2-2). The reverse reach set-ting does not provide reverse tripping capability since the distance units are direction-ally supervised.
As an example, if the Zone1 forward reach (Zone1 G) is set for 10 ohms and the Zone1reverse reach (Zone1G R) is set to the minimum setting of 0.01 ohms, the resistivereach will be approximately 2.6 ohms. If Zone1 G remains set for 10 ohms andZone1G R setting is increased to 10 ohms, the resistive reach will now be 10 ohms.Increasing the reverse reach further will increase the coverage in the resistive “direc-tion” while not increasing the reach in the forward direction. The following formula canbe used to determine the intercept of the ground characteristic with the resistive axis,in both the positive (Rpos) and negative (Rneg) R direction.
.
Where ZG and ZGR represent the Zone1, Zone2, Zone3 or Pilot (REL 302) ground dis-tance forward and reverse reach settings respectively. Ang Pos is the positive sequenceImpedance angle. The factory default setting, for the reverse reach(s) is 0.01 ohms.
Rpos, Rneg ZG ZGR–( ) Ang Pos–cos ((ZG ZGR)–2 2
AngPos) 4 ZG ZGR+∠cos±2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=
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3.2.4 Zone2 Distance Settings
Generally, Zone2 reach is set for 100% of the protected line plus 50% of the shortestadjacent line. If the shortest (or only) adjacent line primary impedance is 20 ohms,then the Zone2 reach setting would be:
Zone2 Ø = 6 + (20 x 0.5) x 240/600 = 10 and
Zone2 G = 10
NOTE:Zone2 Ø and Zone2 G can be set for different values if the applicationis required.
3.2.5 Zone3 Distance Settings
Generally, Zone3 reach is set for 100% of the protected line plus 100% of the longestadjacent line emanating from the remote bus, while accounting for the infeed from thesame remote bus.
If the longest (or only) adjacent line from the remote bus is 25 ohms primary, and theinfeed effect may increase its impedance by 30%, then the Zone3 reach setting shouldbe:
Zone3 Ø = 6 + (25 x 1.3) x 240/600 = 19 and
Zone3 G = 19
NOTE: Zone3 Ø and Zone3 G can be set for different values if the applica-tion is required.
3.2.6 Overcurrent Settings
a. The low set phase overcurrent unit is used for supervising the OS Block , the load-loss-trip(LL Trip) and CIF Trip functions. It should be set higher than the line charging current andbelow the minimum load current.
NOTE: It should be set above the maximum tapped load current if applica-ble.
Assume that the line charging current is negligible for this line section, and theminimum load current is 2.0 A secondary, then the low set phase overcurrent unitsetting should be:
Low IØ = 1
b. The low-set ground overcurrent unit is used for supervising the reverse directional overcur-rent ground unit (RDOG). It should be set as sensitive as possible. A setting of 0.5 amperesis recommended:
3I0s = 0.5
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c. The medium set ground overcurrent unit is used for supervising the Zone1, Zone2 andZone3 ground distance units, the forward directional overcurrent ground unit (FDOG). Gen-erally, it is recommended to be set 2 times the 3I0s setting.
3I0M = 2 x 3I0s = 1.0
d. The directional high set overcurrent phase and ground units (Inst. Ø and Inst. G) are usedfor direct tripping functions. The general setting criterion for the instantaneous direct tripunit is:
The unit should be set higher than 1.15 times the maximum fault on the remote bus, wherethe factor of 1.15 is to allow for the transient overreach. For this example, assume that themaximum load is not higher than the maximum forward end zone fault current, and themaximum phase and ground fault currents on the remote bus are 20 and 24 amperes, re-spectively, then the settings of the high-set phase (ITP) and the high-set ground (ITG)should be:
Inst. Ø = 20 x 1.15 = 23
Inst. G = 24 x 1.15 = 27.6
3.2.7 Out-of-Step Block (OS Block) Blinder Settings (OS Inner and OS Outer)
The requirements for setting the blinder units are:
• Inner blinder must be set to accommodate maximum fault resistance for internal 3-phase fault
• Inner blinder should not operate on severe stable swings
• Outer blinder must have adequate separation from inner blinder for fastest out-of-step swing to be acknowledged as an out-of-step condition
• Outer blinder must not operate on load
a. Setting the Inner Blinder
If the OSB is used to supervise tripping of the 3Ø unit on heavy load current, theinner blinder 21BI must be set sufficiently far apart to accommodate the maxi-mum fault arc resistance. A reasonable approximation of arc resistance at faultinception is 400 volts per foot. If a maximum ratio of “line voltage per spacing” is10,000 volts/ft. for a high voltage transmission line, and if a minimum internal 3-phase fault current is calculated as:
Imin. = [E / 1.73(ZA+ZL)]
where ZA is maximum equivalent source impedance, ZL is line impedance and Eis line-to-line voltage.
then Rmax= 400 x FT / Imin.
= 400 x 1.73(ZA+ZL)/10000
= 0.0693 (ZA+ZL)
Adding a 50% margin to cover the inaccuracies of this expression:
Rmax.= 0.104(ZA+ZL) primary ohms
RS= 0.104(ZA+ZL)RC/RV secondary ohms
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Set inner blinder to:
RT= RS x COS (90° - PANG)(1)
This is the minimum permissible inner blinder setting when it is used to providea restricted trip area for a distance relay.
Another criterion that may be considered is based upon the rule of thumb that sta-ble swings will not involve an angular separation between generator voltages in ex-cess of 120°. This would give an approximate maximum of:
OS Inner = (ZA+ZL+ZB)/ (2x1.73)(2)
= 0.288(ZA+ZL+ZB) primary ohms
OS Inner = 0.288(ZA+ZL+ZB)RC/RV secondary ohm
where ZB is the equivalent maximum source impedance at the end of the line awayfrom ZA.
An inner blinder setting between the extremes of equations (1) and (2) may beused. This provides operation for any 3-phase fault with arc resistance, and re-straint for any stable swing. Except in those cases where very fast out-of-stepswings are expected, the larger setting can be used.
It will usually be possible to use the minimum inner blinder setting of 1.5 ohms.
b. Setting the Outer Blinder
For slow out-of-step swings, a reasonably close placement of outer to inner blindercharacteristic is possible. The separation must, however, be based on the fastestout-of-step swing expected. A 50 ms interval is inherent in the out-of-step sensinglogic, and the outer blinder must operate 50 ms or more ahead of the inner blinder.
Since the rate of change of the ohmic value manifested to the blinder elements isdependent upon accelerating power and system WR2, it is impossible to general-ize. However, based on an inertia constant (H) equal to 3, and the severe assump-tion of full load rejection, a machine will experience (assuming a uniformacceleration) an angular change in position of no more than 20° per cycle on thefirst half slip cycle.
If the inner blinder were set for (0.104ZT), and the very severe 20° per cycle swingrate were used, the outer blinder should be set for approximately:
OS Outer = 0.5 ZT primary ohms (3)
where
ZT= ZA + ZB + ZL
This is the minimum setting of the outer blinder for a 20° per cycle swing rate.
3.2.8 Timer Settings (Definite Time Setting)a. Zone2 timers (T2Ø and T2G Time) setting should be coordinated with the Zone1 and other
high-speed trip units on the adjacent line terminal. Coordination Time Interval of 0.3 to 0.5seconds is recommended. For example, if T2Ø and T2G Time of 0.4 seconds is used, thenthe phase and ground Zone2 timers should be set as follows:
T2Ø Time = 0.4 seconds and T2G Time = 0.4 seconds
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NOTE: T2Ø Time and T2G Time are separate timers; they can have differ-ent time settings.
b. Zone3 timer (T3Ø and T3G Time) settings would be similar to the above. For example, ifT3 of 0.8 seconds is required, then the phase and ground Zone3 timers should be set asfollows:
T3Ø Time = 0.8 seconds and T3G Time = 0.8 seconds
NOTE: T3Ø Time and T3G Time are separate timers; they can have differ-ent time settings.
c. For Out-of-Step Block (OS Block) , if applied, the OS Block OSB Override Timer Setting(OSOT) is determined by the power system operation. Its range is 400 to 4000 ms, in 16ms steps.
d. For the REL 302 blocking system only, the channel coordination timer setting (Blk Time) isbased on the following application criteria:
Blk Time > (Slowest remote carrier start time + channel time + margin) - (the fastestlocal 21P/21NP pickup time)
Where channel time includes the transmitter and receiver times, and the timeswhich occur between these devices, e.g., wave propagation, interfacing relays, etc.
For REL 302:fastest 21P/21NP pickup time=14 msslowest carrier start time=4 mssuggested margin time=2 ms
For example, the REL 302 channel coordination timer should be determined asshown below, if the channel time is 3 ms.
Blk Time = (4 + 3 + 2) - 14= -5
i.e., set Blk Time = 0
3.3. REQUIRED SETTINGS APPLICATION
The following settings are determined by the application. They do not require calcula-tion.
3.3.1 Oscillographic Data (OSC Data) Capture Setting
The OSC setting is for selecting one of the 4 ways (TRIP/Z2TR/Z2Z3/∆I∆V) to initiatethe oscillographic data taken, where:
TRIP – data taken only if trip action occurs.
Z2TR – data taken if Zone2 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
Z2Z3 – data taken if Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
∆I∆V – data taken if ∆I, ∆V, Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
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NOTE: The setting of ∆I, ∆V, for OSC is not recommended since data willbe collected for normal operations.
3.3.2 Fault Data (Flt. Data) Capture Setting
Is for selecting one of the 3 ways (TRIP/Z2TR/Z2Z3) to initiate the fault data taken,where:
TRIP – to store fault data only if trip action occurs.
Z2TR – to store fault data if Zone2 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
Z2Z3 – to store fault data if Zone2 or Zone3 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
3.3.3 Current Transformer Ratio Setting (CT Ratio)
The CT Ratio is used for the load current monitoring, if it is selected to be displayedin primary amperes. It has no effect on the protective relaying system.
For this example, set CT Ratio = 240.
3.3.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Setting (VT Ratio)
The VT Ratio is used for the system voltage monitoring, if it is selected to be displayedin primary volts. It has no effect on the protective relaying system.
For example, set VT Ratio = 600.
3.3.5 Frequency Setting (Freq.)
Should be selected to match the power system operating frequency.
For example, select Freq. = 60 if the power system operating frequency is 60 Hertz.
3.3.6 Current Transformer Type Setting (CT Type)
Provides the flexibility for 5 amp or 1 amp rated current transformer selection.
For example, select and set CT Type = 5 if a 5 amp current transformer is used.
The setting of CT Type affects all the distance unit and overcurrent unit setting rang-es. The ranges will be automatically changed as listed in Table 3-1:
3.3.7 Read Primary Setting (Read Out)
The Read Out should be set to Primary Units if all the monitoring ac voltages and currents areselected to be displayed in primary KV and KA values, respectively.
3.3.8 Ohms Per Unit Distance (X / Dist)
The line reactance setting X / Dist is the multiplier for fault distance display. It has a range of0.3 to 1.5 ohms (primary) in 0.001 steps. In this example, the line reactance is 0.8 ohms/mile;set X / Dist = 0.8.
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The fault distance calculation is as follows:
Where ZS is the secondary impedance magnitude, and FANG is the fault angle.
3.3.9 Distance Type (DistUnit) Setting
Distance type has a selection of MILE and KM. It should be selected to match with thesetting of X / Dist . For this example, select DistUnit = MILE.
3.3.10 Reclosing Mode (RI Type) Setting
RI Type is for selecting the reclosing mode. It has four selecting positions (No RI/ ØGRI / ØØ, ØG RI/ 3Ø, ØØ, ØG RI). Refer to the guidelines for reclosing mode program-ming for the RI Type setting selection.
3.3.11 Reclose Initiation Settings
Fast RI, Zone2 RI and Zone3 RI provide the selectivity for High speed tripping unit,Zone2 and Zone3 reclosing initiation, respectively.
3.3.12 Remote Breaker Failure, Reclose Block (RemBF RB)
For a pilot system (REL 302 only), set RemBF RB to YES if reclose block output forthe breaker failure squelch feature is required.
3.3.13 Remote Pilot Control (Pilot) Setting
Pilot set to Yes combines with the signal of Pilot Enable (external 85CO input) andcontrols the operation of pilot logic tripping and reclosing initiation. The absence of ei-ther signal will disable the pilot system logic.
The Pilot setting can be set either locally from the front panel, or via the communica-tion interface or remotely.
3.3.14 System Type Selection (SystType)
SystType selects the desired relaying system for the application. REL 301 has two set-ting choices: Non Pilot and Zone1 Extension . REL 302 has five setting choices: Non Pi-lot , Zone1 Extension, POTT (permissive overreach transfer trip), PUTT (permissiveunderreach transfer trip) and Blocking (directional comparison blocking). It should beset to the desired mode of operation.
3.3.15 For The Pilot REL 302 Only
a. 3-Term. (3 terminals) setting should be selected to YES for all three terminals that apply.
b. Weakfeed (weakfeed terminal logic enable) selection should be set to YES for theweakfeed terminal, if applicable.
c. For Application Of POTT or Blocking , systems, the transient block logic is always automat-ically enabled and is initiated by the reverse looking units. The Zone3 to Reverse Dir. andZone3 Ø, and Zone3 G should be set to 100% of the reverse line impedance.
Flt DistVT RatioCT Ratio--------------------------
ZS FANG∠sin×X / Dist
--------------------------------------------×=
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d. The FDGT (FDOG trip delay timer) can be set from 0 to 15 cycles or block (BLK) as de-sired. It is recommended to set to 3 cycles or longer. Refer to Section 3.9 for the detailedFDGT information.
3.3.16 Distance/Overcurrent
Individual distance and overcurrent logic can be disabled, if required by the applica-tion by setting the unit to Disabled:
a. List of units which can be disabled:
Pilot Ø, Pilot G, Zone1 Ø, Zone1 G, Zone2 Ø, Zone2 G, Zone3 Ø, Zone3 G, Inst.Ø, Inst. G and GB Type.
b. Procedure to disable the unit:
Switch REL 301/302 to the setting mode (see section 4.4.2.1), scrolling the func-tion field to the desired function. Then set the unit to Disabled.
3.3.17 Timers
a. T1 Timer can be set from 0-15 cycle delay if Zone1 trip delay is required.
b. The T2Ø Type, T2G Type, T3Ø Time and/or T3G Time timer functions can be disabled, ifdesired, by setting the timer to Blocked . Timers set to Blocked , block output from the as-sociated trip logic. For example, if T3Ø Time is set to Blocked Zone3 logic cannot producea trip output.
3.3.18 Zone3 Direction Setting (Zone3)
Zone3 Ø and Zone3 G can be selected to be forward-looking or reverse-looking by set-ting the Zone3 (Zone3 forward or reverse setting) to Forward Dir. or Reverse Dir.
3.3.19 Positive Sequence Impedance Line Angle (Ang Pos.)*
Set the Positive Sequence Line Impedance Angle setting (Ang Pos.) to the value of thepositive sequence line impedance angle. From the example data (Section 3.2), the set-ting would be Ang Pos. = 77o.
3.3.20 Zero Sequence Impedance Angle (Ang Zero)*
Set the Zero Sequence Impedance Angle setting (Ang Zero) to the value of the zero se-quence line impedance angle. From the example data (Section 3.2), the setting wouldbe Ang Zero = 73o.
3.3.21 Zero Sequence/Positive Sequence Ratio (ZOL/Z1L)*
Set the (ZOL/Z1L) Value based on the absolute value of the ratio of the line impedanc-es. From the example data (Section 3.2), the setting would be ZOL/Z1L = 3.3.
3.3.22 Low Voltage Settings (Low V)
The low voltage units are used in close into fault logic and weakfeed logic in the REL301/302. Low V should normally be set to 40 volts unless a higher setting is requiredfor more sensitive applications.
* See application note under Section 3.2.1
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3.3.23 Polarizing Settings
Settings for the directional ground overcurrent polarization is controlled by the settingof Dir Type. It has 3 selections:
Zero Sequence —Zero sequence voltage polarization.
Negative Sequ—Negative sequence voltage polarization.
Dual Polariz—Both zero sequence voltage and current polarization.
3.3.24 Overcurrent Ground BackupThe overcurrent ground backup function provides seven sets of curves, which aresimilar to the CO curves, for backing up the ground distance protection. Four set-tings (GB Type, GB Pickup, GBT Curve and GB Dir) must be determined for applyingthis function.
a. GB Type is the ground backup curve selection. Seven sets of familiar CO curves are pro-vided (C02,5,6,7,8,9 and 11), and are shown in Figures 2-32 thru 2 -38. The selection isbased on the application and coordination time. A selection of Disabled prevents theground backup function from operating.
b. GB Pickup is the current level setting. The setting range is 0.5 to 4.0 amperes in 0.5 steps.In general, the current level setting criteria is:
(IFmin /2) > GB Pickup > 2 x Max. Residual 3I0
where IFmin = Minimum ground fault current for a fault two buses away
For the best sensitivity, GB Pickup should be set at 0.5 amperes, this is normallyadequate for most applications.
c. GBT Curve is the time delay setting of the ground backup function. As shown in Figures2-32 thru 2 -38, the GBT Curve is settable in steps of one from 1 to 63. As with any timedelay overcurrent function, the time delay setting must be coordinated with other overcur-rent devices.
d. GB Dir is the setting for directional control selection. The ground backup function becomesa forward-directional torque control overcurrent ground function if GB Dir is set to YES. IfGB Dir is set to No, the overcurrent ground backup function is non-directional and will pro-duce a trip output for faults in the forward and reverse direction.
The following equation can be used to calculate the trip time for all CO curves from CO-2 thruCO-11 :
T (sec) = (for 3I0 ≥ 1.5)
T (sec) = (for 1<3I0< 1.5)
Where 3I0 =
GB Pickup = Pickup setting
T0K
3I0 C–( )P--------------------------+
GBT Curve24 000,--------------------------------×
R3I0 1–( )---------------------
GBT Curve24 000,--------------------------------×
IFGB Pickup-------------------------------
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GBT Curve = Time curve dial setting (1 to 63).
T0, K, C, P and R are constants, and are shown in Table 3-1.
Taking the CO-8 curve set as an example (see Figure 2-36), assuming that the maxi-mum 3Io of unbalanced load is 0.2A, the minimum ground fault current for a fault twobuses away is 10A, and 0.7 seconds is required for coordination with current of 20times the GB Pickup setting, then the settings of the ground overcurrent backup func-tion should be as shown below:
10/2 > GB Pickup > 2 x 0.2 set GB Pickup = 0.5
Choosing from the curves, in Figure 2-36, for 0.7 seconds at 20 times the GB Pickupsetting, GBT Curve should be set to 24. Set GB Type to C0-8 and set GB Dir to YESif directional control is required.
3.3.25 Close-Into-Fault Trip Setting (CIF Trip)
Set CIF Trip setting by selecting the value field Yes if line side potential is used to sup-ply the relay.
3.3.26 Load Loss Trip Setting (LL Trip)
Set LL Trip to YES, FDOG or NO, where:
YES– LL Trip trip with Z2 supervision.
FDOG–LL Trip with both Z2 and FDOG supervision.
NO–LL Trip function is not used.
3.3.27 Loss of Potential Block Setting (LOP Blk)
Set LOP Blk to YES, if loss-of-potential block trip function is required.
3.3.28 Loss of Current Block Setting (LOI Blk)
Set LOI Blk to YES, if loss-of-current block trip function is required.
3.3.29 Trip Alarm Setting (Trip Alm)
Set Trip Alm to Seal-in, if trip alarm seal-in is required. The front panel, reset push-button can be used to reset the sealed alarm.
3.3.30 Remote Setting (Rem. Set)
Set the Rem. Set to Remote Allowed if remote setting (via communications port) isrequired.
3.3.31 Real-Time Clock Setting
With REL 301/302 in the “setting” mode, scroll the function field to Time Set, andchange the value to YES. Depress function pushbutton RAISE to display Year, Month,Day, Weekday, Hour, and Minute, and set the corresponding number via the value
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field. The REL 301/302 clock will start at the time the enter button is pushed whilethe display is showing the minute value.
3.4. RECLOSE INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING
3.4.1 For Non-pilot and Pilot Systems1. Select RI Type = OFF, 1PR, 2PR or 3PR, (See Table 3-2)
2. Use one of the two (RI-1 or RI-2) output contacts for the reclosing initiation circuit
3. Select one or all of the Fast RI, Zone2 RI, and/or Zone3 RI to YES, depending on the ap-plication. (Pilot System Only: For reclose initiation, following Pilot tripping, Fast RI shouldbe set to either Pilot or Pilot/Z1/Inst I )
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TABLE 3-2 . RECLOSING INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING
RI Type Type Of Fault Reclosing Initiation Mode
OFF All Faults No reclosing initiation
1PR φG RI-1, RI-2 contacts close;All Other Faults no reclosing
2PR φG, φφ RI-1, RI-2 contacts close;3φ Faults no reclosing
3PR All Faults RI-1, RI-2 contacts close
TABLE 3-1. T RIP TIME CONSTANTS FOR CURVES
CURVE # T0 K C P R
C02 111.99 735.00 0.675 1 501
C05 8196.67 13768.94 1.13 1 22705
C06 784.52 671.01 1.19 1 1475
C07 524.84 3120.56 0.8 1 2491
C08 477.84 4122.08 1.27 1 9200
C09 310.01 2756.06 1.35 1 9342
C011 110 17640.00 0.5 2 8875
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Section 4. INSTALLATION AND OPERATION
4. 1. SEPARATING THE INNER AND OUTER-CHASSIS
It is recommended that the user of this equipment become acquainted with the infor-mation in these instructions before energizing the REL 301/302 and associated as-semblies. Failure to observe this precaution may result in damage to the equipment.
All integrated circuits used on the modules are sensitive to and can be damaged by thedischarge of static electricity. Electrostatic discharge precautions should be observedwhen operating or testing the REL 301/302.
Use the following procedure when separating the innerchassis from the outer chassis; failure to observe this pre-caution can cause personal injury, undesired tripping ofoutputs and component damage.
a. Unscrew the front cover knob and remove cover.
b. Open all FT switches completely.
Do Not Touch the outer contacts of any FT-10 switch;they may be energized.
c. Release frame latches by pushing the top and bottom latches inward towards the center ofthe relay.
d. The inner chassis removal lever is located on the left center (vertical mount) or on top cen-ter (horizontal mount) of the inner chassis. Push the lever towards the middle tab on theframe.
e. Slide out the inner chassis.
f. Reverse procedures above when replacing the inner chassis into the outer chassis.
4.2 TEST PLUGS AND FT SWITCHES
Test Plugs are available as accessories (Section 1.6.6). They are inserted into the FT-10 switches for the purpose of System Function Tests.
4.3 EXTERNAL WIRING
All electrical inputs/outputs are made through the back of the REL 301/302. Figure4-1 illustrates where the different input/output signals are located. The vertical REL301/302 is used as a reference in the location column of the Connection SpecificationChart (similarly for the horizontal REL 301/302).
! CAUTION
! WARNING
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CONNECTION SPECIFICATION CHART
Location Notes
ANALOG INPUTS See Markup
SIGNAL INPUTSNon-Pilot Connection
52a52bRESET
Pilot Connection REL 302(Add Following Connections)
85CORCVR 1RCVR 2
Reclosing/Sync-checkHOLDEXT. RIRECLOSE LOCKOUT
Terminals TB4-3 (+), TB4-4 (-)Terminals TB4-5 (+), TB4-6 (-)Terminals TB4-7 (+), TB4-8 (-)
Terminals TB4-9 (+), TB4-10 (-)Terminals TB4-11 (+), TB4-12 (-)Terminals TB4-13 (+), TB4-14 (-)
Terminals TB5-7 (+), TB5-8 (-)Terminals TB5-9 (+), TB5-10 (-)Terminals TB4-1 (+), TB4-2 (-)
52a only required for some reclosing applications.52b contact required for some logic functions.External Reset - resets LEDs anderases protection targets.
85CO input required for pilot logic operation.Channel 1 receiver input.Channel 2 receiver input 3-term.
Stops reclosing cycle.Begin (initiates) reclosing cycle.Drives reclosing cycle to lockout.
CONTACT OUTPUTSTrip Connection
TRIP A1TRIP A2
Terminals TB1-4, FT-6Terminals TB1-3, FT-7
Isolated TRIP 1, switched by FT-6Isolated Trip 2, switched by FT-7
Basic System ConnectionsOC1SYSTEM TEST
BFI/RI ENARI-1RI-2RB1RB2OC3BFIA-1BFIA-2OC2OC4OC5/STOPGSAL-1AL-2
Terminals TB1-2, FT-8Terminal TB1-1
Breaker Failure Initiate/Reclose InitiateTerminals TB3-1, TB3-2Terminals TB3-3, TB3-4Terminals TB3-5, TB3-6Terminals TB3-7, TB3-8Terminals TB3-11, TB3-12Terminals TB3-13, TB3-14Terminals TB3-15, TB3-16Terminals TB3-17, TB3-18Terminals TB3-19, TB3-20Terminals TB3-21, TB3-22Terminals TB3-23, TB3-24Terminals TB3-15, TB3-26Terminals TB3-27, TB3-28
Trip rated (See Section 1.6), programmable switched contactJumper connected to FT-5, required to power BFI/I ENA (enable)function.Enabled/Disabled by FT-5.*Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Non-trip rated (See Section 1.6), programmable output contact.Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)Non-trip rated (See Section 1.6), programmable output contact.Non-trip rated (See Section 1.6), programmable output contact.Non-trip rated (See Section 1.6), programmable output contact.General Start, closes for any disturbance detectionIsolated Failure AlarmIsolated Relay Trip Alarm
Pilot Connection(Add following Connections)
SENDSTOP/OC5
Terminals TB3-9, TB3-10Terminals TB3-21, TB3-22
Pilot Channel Equipment StartPilot Channel Equipment Stop (Programmed Stop Function)
Reclosing/Sync-checkCLOSE-1CLOSE-2LOCKOUTFAIL RECL/OUT 2IN PROG/OUT 1
Terminals TB2-1, TB2-2Terminals TB2-3, TB2-4Terminals TB5-1, TB5-2Terminals TB5-3, TB5-4Terminals TB5-5, TB5-6
Isolated Close Contact #1Isolated Close Contact #2Alarm for Lockout StateAlarm for Failed Reclose StateIndication of Reclose in Progress
Communication Connection:See Sections 4.6 and 4.7
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LED Color Condition
PROTECTION LEDS
PROTECTION IN SERVICE Yellow ON– For Normal condition of dc powerSuccessful self-checkSelf-test routines
OFF – Any of the above failedPILOT Red Pilot TrippedZone1 Red Zone1 TrippedZone2 Red Zone2 TrippedZone3 Red Zone3 TrippedAG Red AG FaultBG Red BG FaultCG Red CG FaultMφ Red Multi-phase FaultOTHER Red Fault Generated by Overcurrent
Load Loss, orTrip Relays Testing
RECLOSING AND SYNCH-CHECK RELATED LEDS (OPTIONAL)
RECLOSING IN SERVICE Yellow ON – dc power ONLOCKOUT Yellow Reclosing Logic in Lockout StateFAILED RECLOSE Yellow Breaker associated with Recloser failed to recloseHBDL Yellow Bus is Live and Line is DeadHLDB Yellow Line is Live and Bus is DeadSYNCHRONISM Yellow Bus and Line Voltages in Synchronism
FRONT PANEL LED INDICATOR CHART
4. 4. FRONT PANEL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
4.4.1 LED Indicators
The REL 301/302 comes with LEDs on the front panel. “IN SERVICE” LED should beon, all other indicators are off in normal conditions, but after a trip, the ones relatedto the trip blink. If a second trip occurs, the LEDs related to the latest fault doubleblink. See Section 5.1.1 for more details.
4.4.1.1 LEDs and Display Reset
The push-button labelled RESET is used to reset all the trip LEDs and send the displayto the metering mode.
4.4.2 Display Module
The front panel operation provides a convenient means of checking and changing set-tings, and for checking relay unit operations after a fault.
It consists of a 2-line 16-character/line LCD display, 4 push-buttons (SELECT, LOW-ER, RAISE, ENTER) and a switch. The latter selects the display of either the protectionor the optional recloser. It should always be in protection mode when no reclosing in-formation is being viewed or during re-initialization.
The front panel has different modes of operation, shown at the top right of the display.The 4 push-buttons labeled SELECT, LOWER, RAISE, and ENTER, are used to inter-face with the REL 301/302 relay menu and settings.
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4.4.2.1 Front Panel Operation
There are five different modes, described below:
MODE As Displayed
SETTINGS [SET]METERING [METER]LAST-FAULT [L-FLT]PREVIOUS-FAULT[P-FLT]TEST [TEST]
By keeping the SELECT push-button depressed, the list of modes is scrolled in the se-quence shown above, at a one second rate. For each selected mode, the correspondingfunctions can be scanned (also every second) with the LOWER or RAISE push-buttons.
a. SETTING MODE
In this mode, functions and their values can be scrolled or changed. See Table4-1, page 4-14, for complete listing. The function (shown on the top left of thedisplay), can be scrolled by continuously depressing either the LOWER orRAISE push-button, depending on the desired scrolling direction. The corre-
sponding value displayed on the second line can be changed by pressing theENTER push-button once. An underscore dash will then flash alternatively be-tween the first and last characters on the second line. At this point, other
values for the same function can be scrolled through by depressing the LOWERor RAISE push-button. When the desired value is reached, select it by pressingENTER until VALUE UPDATED shows on the display. After the value is updat-ed the system then returns to the function scroll state.
In order to restore the original value while in the middle of the scrolling values,press SELECT instead of ENTER, the system returns to the function scrollstate, without updating the setting. In the function scroll state, a jump to thenext mode is performed by pressing SELECT.
b. METERING MODE
In this mode, all metered data is displayed. See Table 4-2, page 4-18, for com-plete listing. This includes all phase currents and voltages with their anglereferred to VAG, conditions such as loss-of-potential, loss-of-current and out-
of-step blocking and also the present time. Depending on the Read Out setting,the currents and voltages are shown either in primary or secondary side units.
Set timeNo
SET
Set time SET
— No —
IA :0.0A
METER
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To scroll through the metered data press the LOWER or RAISE push-buttons.
c. TARGET MODE (LAST-FAULT and PREVIOUS-FAULT)
REL 301/302 saves the 16 latest fault records. See Table 4-3, page 4-19, forcomplete listing. The L-FLT is the most recent fault, the P-FLT is the one priorto the L-FLT. These two records can only be viewed from the front panel. Allother targets must be viewed through one of the remote communications in-terfaces. They contain target information along with the frozen data at the timeof trip.
They can be deleted by External Reset or through a remote communication in-terface. The front panel RESET push-button resets the LEDs and sends thedisplay back to the metering mode.
As soon as a fault event is detected, the most recent two sets of target data areavailable for display. If the setting Flt Data is set to Trip, the L-Flt is the dataassociated with the most recent trip event. If a single fault occurs, the fault re-lated LEDs blink. If reclosing is applied and the system trips again, the originalL-Flt information is transferred to the P-Flt memory. The latest trip informa-tion is stored in the L-Flt memory and the L-Flt related LEDs double blink. IfFlt Data is set to Zone2, two events (Zone2 pickup and trip) will be stored. IfFlt Data is set to Zone2, Zone3, the two events will be either Zone2 pickup orZone3 pickup, and any type of trip.
NOTE: All displayed Phase Angles use VAG as reference.
d. TEST MODE
The test display mode provides diagnostic and testing capabilities for REL301/302. Relay status display, and relay output testing are among the functions pro-vided.
Test Mode is selected by the SELECT push-button.
• Relay Self-Check Status
The REL 301/302 continuously performs self-checking. The results of the self-check are represented by a hex value in the VALUE FIELD of the Status Function:
The results of the system self-check routines are accessible using the following pro-cedure:
a. Depress the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is displayed. Then, de-press the RAISE or LOWER key until the word status appears in theFUNCTION FIELD.
b. The VALUE FIELD will display the status of the relay in hexadecimal Format.
Zone1 fTrip on 1f AG
L-FLT
Inst fTrip
P-FLT
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4-6 (10/94)
For example: if the display shows status with a Value 1B.
The bit pattern which results from HEX Value 1B is shown below:
A bit set to “1” signifies that the corresponding failure has been detected. For normal errorfree system performance, the “VALUE FIELD” display is “0”.
The relay failed the self-check in the area of External RAM (bit 0), EEPROM (one-out-of-three failure, bit 1; two-out-of-three failure, bit 3) and Analog Input Circuit (bit 4). Normal-ly, the test mode should show
For reference, the binary-to-hexadecimal conversion is shown below:
Right HEX Digit 3 2 1 0
Left HEX Digit 7 6 5 4
BINARY REPRESENTATION
0123456789ABCDEF
0000000011111111
0000111100001111
0011001100110011
0101010101010101
Status TEST1B
RELAY STATUSBIT
DESCRIPTION NUMBER
External RAM Failure 0EEPROM Warning 1EPROM Checksum Failure 2EEPROM Failure 3(Non-Volatile memory)
Analog Input Failure 4Processor Failure 5
HEX “VALUE” 1 BDisplayedBit pattern 0001 1011Bit number 7654 3210
¸ ˝ ˛ ¸ ˝ ˛
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 4-7
• Relay Output Test
All relay outputs can be tested using the procedure described below
(1) Open the red FT switches, of the breaker trip circuits, making sure that the following FTswitch is not opened:
FT-5 BFI/Reclose Enable
(2) Move the spare blue jumper to position JP5 on the Microprocessor module.
(3) Press the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is displayed; then depress the RAISEor LOWER key until the output function to be tested appears in the FUNCTION and VALUEfields, respectively.
(4) Press the ENTER push-button for the desired duration of the output relays operation.
(5) Press the RAISE push-button to select the following parameters, as desired:
NOTE: Pressing the ENTER push-button operates selected output relays.
(6) After completion of this test, restore the system to its operating state by moving the bluejumper to position JP3 on the Microprocessor module, and closing the FT switch redhandles.
4. 5. JUMPER CONTROLS
All jumpers are set at the factory; the customer normally does not need to move thejumpers. Refer to Tables 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3 for the recommended jumper positions.
FunctionField
ValueField Description
m RX1m RX2m RX1, RX2
TripBFIRI2=3RIRB
u Fail AlarmTrip AlarmGen Start
m Sendm Stops OC1s OC2s OC3s OC4s OC5/Stop
SimulateSimulateSimulateRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelayRelay
Carrier Receiver #1 Simulated TestCarrier Receiver #2 Simulated TestCarrier Receiver #1 and #2 Simulated TestTripBreaker Failure3-Pole Reclose InitiateReclose BlockFailure AlarmTrip AlarmGeneral AlarmSendStopProgrammable Contact Output, 1Programmable Contact Output, 2Programmable Contact Output, 3Programmable Contact Output, 4Programmable Contact Output, 5/Stop
Note: m denotes for pilot option only.
u a Vac balanced 3-phase voltage must be applied to relay
for change of state to occur; without it the Failure alarm is
always in the Alarm State.
s denotes available with programmable contact output option.
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4. 6. COMMUNICATION PORT(S) USE
4.6.1 Introduction
REL 301/302 can be communicated with for target data, settings, etc., through theman-machine interface (MMI), The relay can also be communicated with via one of thecommunication (comm.) ports. Comm port communications, provides the user withmore information than is available with the MMI. For example, all 16 targets are avail-able and a more friendly user interface for settings can be accessed (all settings aredisplayed on a single screen on the user’s PC). This section will provide the details ofthe comm port options, personal computer requirements, connecting cables and all in-formation necessary to communicate with and extract data from the relay. Additionalcommunications details are contained in IL 40-603, (RCP) Remote CommunicationProgram.
4.6.2 Communication Port Options
REL 301/302 is supplied with a rear communications port. If the network interface isnot specified, a RS-232C (hardware standard) communications port is supplied. Net-work interface comm. port option allows the connection of the relay with many otherdevices to a 2-wire network. A detailed discussion of networking capabilities can befound in AD 40-600, Substation Control and Communications Application Guide.
RS-232C, rear comm. ports are of the removable, Product Operated Network Interface(PONI) type and are available in two styles. One is identified by a 25 pin (DB-25S) fe-male connector, it is usually black and has a single data comm. rate of 1200 bps. Thesecond style is identified by a 9 pin (DB-9P) male connector and externally accessibledip switches (next to the connector) for setting the communication data rate. This portoption is always black in color, can be set for speeds of 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600bps and offers an option for IRIG-B time clock, synchronization input.
Front communications is another comm. port option. The front panel RS-232C com-munications port, is supplied with a 9 pin (DB-9S) female connector and can be con-figured for 300, 1200, 2400, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200 bps. Data comm. rate choiceis made by dip switch settings which will be discussed later in this chapter.
4.6.3 Personal Computer Requirements
Communication with the relay requires the use of Remote Communication Program(RCP) regardless of the comm. port option. RCP is supplied by ABB Relay Division andis run on a personal computer (PC).
To run the program requires an IBM AT, PC/2 PC or true compatible with a minimumof 640 kilobytes of RAM, 1 hard disk drive, a RS-232C comm. port and a video graphicsadapter card. The PC must be running Version 3.3, or higher, MS-DOS.
4.6.4 Connecting Cables
With each comm. port option the connecting cable requirement can be different. Also,connecting directly to a PC or connecting to a modem, for remote communication, af-fects the connecting cable requirements. Table 4-5 provides a summary of a plug pinassignments, pins required and cable connectors.
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Some terminology will be defined to aid the user in understanding cable requirementsin Table 4-5. Reference is often made to the “RS-232C” standard, for data communi-cation. The RS-232C standard describes mechanical, electrical, and functional char-acteristics. This standard is published by the Electronics Industry Association (EIA)and use of the standard is voluntary but widely accepted for electronic data transfer.ABB relay communications follows the RS-232C standard for non-network data com-munication.
Although the RS-232C standard does not specify a connector shape, the most com-monly used is the “D” shape connector. As stated in Section 4.6.2 above, all ABB relaycommunication connectors are of the “D” shape (such as DB-25S).
Data communication devices are categorized as either Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)or Data Communication Equipment (DCE). A DTE is any digital device that transmitsand/or receives data and uses communications equipment for the data transfer.DCE’s are connected to a communication line (usually a telephone line) for the pur-pose of transferring data from one point to another. In addition to transferring the da-ta, DCE devices are designed to establish, maintain, and terminate the connection. Asexamples, a computer is a DTE device and a modem is a DCE device.
By definition the connector of a DCE is always female (usually DB-9S or 25S). Simi-larly, DTEs are always male (usually DB-9P or 25P). These definitions apply to theequipment being connected and to the connectors on the interconnecting cables.
One additional piece of hardware that is required, in some applications, is a “null” mo-dem. Null modem’s function is to connect the transmit line (TXD), pin 2 (of a 25 pinconnector) by RS-232C standard, to the receive line (RXD), pin 3. A null modem is re-quired when connecting like devices. That is DTE to DTE or DCE to DCE. A DCE toDCE, for example, where a null modem is required, is the connection of a 25 pin, PONIto a modem.
A null modem function can be accomplished in the connecting cable or by separatenull modem connector. That is, by using a conventional RS-232C cable plus a null mo-dem. One type of null modem, available from electronics suppliers, is B & B Electron-ics Type 232MFNM.
4. 7. FRONT RS-232C COMMUNICATIONS PORT
4.7.1 Communications Port Set Up
The front RS-232C comm. port on the relay, consists of a printed circuit board thatplugs flat into the rear of the microprocessor module. On the front panel, of the relay,is the 9-pin (DB-9S) DCE connector with it’s associated enabling push-button, next tothe connector. As described above, communications with the relay requires a serial ca-ble from the comm. port to the communicating device (usually a local PC).
The front comm. port data rate must match the comm. port data rate of the device con-nected to the port. This data rate is set when configuring communications on the com-municating device. If the communicating device is a PC, the data rate is set by RCPeither when setting up RCP or by changing settings while running RCP.
To set the data rate on the front comm. port, the five dip switch poles of switch S1 (seeFigure 1-13) must be set according to Table 4-6. When the relay is viewed from thefront, (front cover removed) the switch S1 is located on the right side of the front panel
I.L. 40-386.3
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near the top. (On the top of the front panel and on the left for horizontally mountedrelays.) Only the first three poles, #1, #2 and #3, of the switch, are used to set the com-munications bit rate. Refer to Table 4-6 for the correct position of the switch poles.Note that settings 110 and 111 result in the default bit rate of 1200 bps.
4.7.2 OPERATIONS
When the communication hardware is in place, communicating with the front requirespressing the push-button beside the connector in order to switch from the rear tofront. Thereafter, the communication will remain with the front until no data transferhas taken place for two minutes.
RCP operations are identical for front and rear communication (RS-232C or INCOM).It is possible that the communication is unsuccessful the first time after a relay power-up or switching between protection and recloser. In this case, a second attempt provesto be successful.
4.7.3 Troubleshooting
In the event the communication remains unsuccessful, first make sure that the frontcommunication push-button has been depressed, the relay is powered and the con-nection is good.
For further testing, remove the front cover and check that the bit rate (baud) on thecommunication board (dip switches: refer to Dip Switch Setting Chart above) is setto correspond to the one displayed at the bottom right of the RCP display.
If after these verifications the problem remains, try to remove the power from the relayand apply it again. If the communication still fails (several attempts), the communica-tion board needs to be serviced.
4. 8. SIXTEEN FAULT TARGET DATA
The REL 301/302 saves the latest 16 fault records, but only the latest two faultrecords can be accessed from the front panel. For complete 16 fault data, one of thecommunication interface devices are necessary. The activation of fault data storage iscontrolled by setting FDAT. (Refer to Section 3.4.16 for detailed information.) The 16intermediate fault targets are a standard feature. The activation of data storage isbased on the OSC Data (OSC) setting (see next section).
4. 9. OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA
Sixteen sets of oscillographic data are stored in REL 301/302. Each set includes sevenanalog traces (Va, Vb, Vc, Ia, Ib, Ic and Ip), with one cycle pre-fault and 7-cycle faultinformation, and 20 sets of digital data based on 8 samples per cycle.
The oscillographic data OSC Data (OSC) collection can be set for Trip (TRIP), Zone2(Z2TR), Zone 2, Zone3 (Z2Z3), and ∆v or ∆I (∆V∆I). For setting of OSC = TRIP, dataare collected for the trip events. The data collection is started from dVdI if the trip oc-curs within 7 cycles. For OSC = Z2TR, the data collection is triggered by Zone2 pickupor any type of trip. For OSC = Z2Z3, the collection is triggered by either Zone2 or Zone3pickup (including the Zone3 reverse setting) or trip. For OSC = ∆V∆I, the data collec-tion is caused by any line disturbance, e.g., a sudden phase current change (by 1 amp)or a ground current change (by 0.5 Amp), or a voltage change (DV) greater than 7Vdc.
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 4-11
NOTE: Setting at ∆V∆I is not recommended because a lot of meaningless datawill be stored, such as breaker opening or closing, etc.
IF POWER IS INTERRUPTED TO RELAY ALL PRIOR “INTERMEDIATETARGET DATA” AND “OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA” WILL BE LOST.
4. 10. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS(Optional Feature)
REL 301/302 has five output contacts OC-1 to OC-5 which can be dedicated to user-selected functions, OC-1 has the same rating as the trip contacts. OC-2 - OC-5 havethe same rating at non-trip contacts. See Section 1.6.3. The 30 available functions arelisted in Table 4-4. Each function can be inverted if desired. For REL 302 (Pilot) OC-5is preprogrammed with the STOP function. However OC-5 is fully programmable andcan be changed by user.
Several functions can be directed to one contact, using either an OR or an AND oper-ator. With OR, any selected function operates the contact, whereas with AND all theselected functions need to be active in order to operate the contact. A pickup and adropout timer can also be individually set for each programmable contact output.
Programming the output contacts is made via RCP and requires the password to beentered. An example of the programmable contact output screen is shown at the endof this section.
Selecting a function for an output contact is made by first toggling the <F2> functionkey to select Logic True (T) or Logic Negation (F). The current logic is shown on the rightside of the display under contact S Dropout timer selection. Then move the cursor withthe arrow keys to the crossing of the desired function and contact and press the IN-SERT key. T for logic true or F for logic Negation will show at that position.
The DELETE key can be used to de-select a previously selected function.
If a contact is to be controlled by several functions, the same procedure applies foreach function, without forgetting the combining operator OR or AND.
To set the timers, move the cursor to the desired timer underneath the contact outputtable and press ENTER. The value to be set is displayed in the upper right corner ofthe screen and can be adjusted with the direction keys followed by ENTER when thedesired time is displayed.
I.L. 40-386.3
4-12 (10/94)
Contact C P P 3 S 2 E P S F
A I Z Z Z Z L L I E O R T C C 1 I Z Z C L W T D I L B L
Output O N F 2 2 3 3 G T T O N S I B R R B T 1 1 H T R F O O T L L F O
# R D T P G P G B G P S D B 2 M 1 2 I G G P O X B T P G P T V I P
1 X T T T
2 X T T T T
3 F
4 X F F
5 T
Contact 1 Pickup Timer = msec Contact 1 Dropout Timer = msec
Contact 2 Pickup Timer = msec Contact 2 Dropout Timer = msec
Contact 3 Pickup Timer = msec Contact 3 Dropout Timer = msec
Contact 4 Pickup Timer = msec Contact 4 Dropout Timer = msec
Contact 5 Pickup Timer = msec Contact 5 Dropout Timer = msec
Use up, down, right, left arrows, Ins or Del keys for logic or Enter for timers.
F2: Toggle Logic Input; Logic True (T) or Logic Negative (F)
Refer to Table 4-4 for a description of the functions
REL 301/302 PROG CONTACTS
Contact C P P 3 S 2 E P S F
A I Z Z Z Z L L I E O R T C C 1 I Z Z C L W T D I L B L
Output O N F 2 2 3 3 G T T O N S I B R R B T 1 1 H T R F O O T L L F O
# R D T P G P G B G P S D B 2 M 1 2 I G G P O X B T P G P T V I P
1 T
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 T
Contact 1 Pickup Timer = 0 msec Contact 1 Dropout Timer = 0 msec
Contact 2 Pickup Timer = 0 msec Contact 2 Dropout Timer = 0 msec
Contact 3 Pickup Timer = 0 msec Contact 3 Dropout Timer = 0 msec
Contact 4 Pickup Timer = 0 msec Contact 4 Dropout Timer = 0 msec
Contact 5 Pickup Timer = 0 msec Contact 5 Dropout Timer = 0 msec
Use up, down, right, left arrows, Ins or Del keys for logic or Enter for timers.
F2: Toggle Logic Input; Logic True (T) or Logic Negative (F)
REL 301 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACTS SETTINGS(Factory Default)
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(10/94) 4-13
Figure 4-1. REL 301/302 Terminals
Dtp drawing
12345678910
11121314
1
2
3
4
Output1
Output2
12345678910
1
2
3
4
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
Communication PortConnector
I.L. 40-386.3
4-14 (10/94)
Figure 4-2. REL 301/302 Systems External Connection
*Sub 21613C80Sheet 1 of 2
LEGEND43 – CONTROL SWITCH, AUTOMATIC, MANUAL (CLOSED IN AUTOMATIC)52 – CIRCUIT BREAKER
aa – AUX. SW. (EARLY CLOSE WHEN BREAKER CLOSES)a – AUX. SW (CLOSED WHEN BREAKER IS CLOSED)bb – AUX. SW. (EARLY CLOSE WHEN BREAKER OPENS)b – AUX. SW. (CLOSED WHEN BREAKER IS OPEN)CC – CLOSE COILTC TRIP COILX – CLOSE AUX.Y – ANTI-PUMP
86BF – BREAKER FAILURE LOCKOUT101 – BREAKER CONTROL SWITCH
C – CLOSED CONTACET – TRIP CONTACT
Jumper between BFI/RI ENA
and Sys Test required to
enable BFI and RI functions
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(10/94)4-15
Figure 4-3. REL 301/302 Systems External Connection
Sub 31613C80Sheet 2 of 2
* SEE SHEET 1 FOR DETAILS OF FT CONN ECTIONS
* Denotes Change
I.L. 40-386.3
4-16 (10/94)
Setting Function Display Value Displayed (INCOM®)Front Panel
Software Version Version numerical
Oscillographic dataInitiation Osc Data Trip (TRIP) / Zone2 (Z2TR) /
Zone2, Zone3 (Z2Z3) /∆V or ∆I (∆V∆I)
Fault data initiation Flt Data Trip (TRIP)/ Zone2 (Z2TR)/Zone2, Zone3 (Z2Z3)
CT ratio CT Ratio 10 – 5000
PT ratio VT Ratio 30 – 7000
Rated frequency Freq. 60 / 50 Hz
CT secondary rating CT Type 5 / 1 amps
Read out I and V in Primaryor secondary units Read Out Primary Units / Secondary Units
Reactance for fault location X / Dist 0.300 – 1.500 Ω/mile or /kmdependent on “DistUnit” setting
Fault location units DistUnit Miles / Kilometers (MI /KM)
Reclosing Mode RI Type No RI (OFF)φG RI (1PR)φφ, φG RI (2PR)3φ, φφ, φφG, φG RI (3PR)
High Speed RI Fast RI None (NO)Z1 / Inst I (Z1-II)Pilot (PLT)Pilot/Z1/Inst I (ALL)
RI on Zone2 trip Zone2 RI Yes / No
RI on Zone3 trip Zone3 RI Yes / No
Breaker failure reclose block RemBF RB Yes / No
Remote pilot control Pilot Yes / No
TABLE 4-1. SETTING DISPLAY (SHEET 1 OF 4)
(continued)
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(10/94) 4-17
TABLE 4-1. SETTING DISPLAY (SHEET 2 OF 4)
Setting Function Display Value Displayed (INCOM®)Front Panel
System Type Selection SystType Non Pilot (3ZNP)Zone1 Extension (Z1E)POTT (POTT)PUTT (PUTT)Blocking (BLK)
Forward directional ground timer FDOGTime Blocked (BLK) / 0 - 15 cycles
Weakfeed enable Weakfeed Yes / No
3-Terminal line application 3-Term. Yes / No
Blocking system channelcoordination timer Blk Time 0 - 98 msec
Pilot phase setting Pilot ø Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Pilot ground setting PilotG Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Pilot ground reverse reach PilotG R Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone1 phase unit Zone1 ø Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone1 ground unit Zone1G Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone1 ground reverse reach Zone1G R Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.000Ω
Zone1 delay trip timer T1 Timer 0 - 15 cycles
Zone2 phase unit Zone2 ø Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone2 Phase Timer– Timer Type T2ø Type Blocked (DISAB) / Definite Time
(DEFTM) / Torque Control (TORQ)– Definite Time T2ø Time 0.10 - 2.99 sec– Torque Control CO Curve T2ø CV CO-2/CO-5/CO-6/ CO-7/CO-8/
(with Time Delay or Inst. Reset) CO-9/ CO-11 (each w/Reset or Inst)– Torque Control Pickup T2ø Pkup (T2PPU) 0.5 - 10.0 amps– Torque Control Time Curve T2ø TC (T2PTC) 1 - 63
Zone2 ground unit Zone2 G Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone2 ground reverse reach Zone2G R Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.000Ω
(continued)
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4-18 (10/94)
TABLE 4-1. SETTING DISPLAY (SHEET 3 OF 4)
(continued)
Setting Function Display Value Displayed (INCOM®)Front Panel
Zone2 Ground Timer– Timer Type T2G Type Blocked (DISAB) / Definite Time
(DEFTM) / Torque Control (TORQ)– Definite Time T2GTime 0.10 - 2.99 sec– Torque Control CO Curve T2GCV CO-2/CO-5/CO-6/ CO-7/CO-8/
(with Time Delay or Inst. Reset) CO-9/ CO-11 Reset or Instantaneous– Torque Control Pickup T2G Pkup (T2GPU 0.5 - 10.0 amps– Torque Control Time Curve T2G TC (T2GTC) 1 - 63
Zone3 phase unit Zone3 ø Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 -50.00Ω
Zone3 phase timer T3 ø Blocked (BLK) / 0.10 - 9.99 sec
Zone3 ground unit Zone3 G Disabled (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00 Ω
Zone3 ground reverse reach Zone3G R Disable (OUT) / 0.01 - 50.00Ω
Zone3 ground timer T3 G Blocked (BLK) / 0.10 - 9.99 sec
Zone3 direction Zone3 Forward dir. (FWD)Reverse dir. (REV)
Pos. seq. line impedance angle Ang Pos. 10 - 90 degrees
Zero seq. line impedance angle Ang Zero 10 - 90 degrees
Z0L / Z1L Z0L/Z1L 0.1 - 10.0
Low voltage unit Low V 40 - 60 Volts (rms)
Overcurrent units:– Low set phase Low Iø 0.5 - 10.0 amps– Medium set phase IM 0.5 - 10.0 amps– Low set ground 3I0s 0.5 - 10.0 amps– Medium set ground 3I0m 0.5 - 10.0 amps– High set phase Inst. ø Disabled (OUT) / 2 - 150 amps– High set ground Inst. G Disabled (OUT) / 2- 150 amps
Out-of-step block OS Block Yes / No
OSB override timer OSOT 400 - 4000 msec
OSB inner blinder OS Inner 1.0 - 15.0Ω
OSB outer blinder OS Outer 3.0 - 15.0Ω
Directional Unit Polarization Dir Type Zero sequence (ZSEQ)Negative sequ (NSEQ)Dual Polariz (DUAL)
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TABLE 4-1. SETTING DISPLAY (SHEET4 OF 4)
Setting Function Display Value Displayed (INCOM®)Front Panel
Directional overcurrent groundbackup time curve family GB Type Disabled (OUT) / CO-2 / CO-5 /(With Time Delay or Inst. Reset) CO-6 / CO-7 / CO-8 / CO-9 / CO11
(each w/Reset or Inst.)
Ground backup pick-up GBPickup 0.5 - 4.0 amps
Ground backup time curveswithin family GBTCurve 1 - 63
Choice of directional or nondirectional ground backup GB Dir Yes / No
Close into fault trip CIF Trip CIF TRIPCIF TRIP W/DELAYNO CIF TRIP
Load loss trip LL Trip Yes / No / FDOG
Loss of potential block LOP Blk Yes / No
Loss of current block LOI Blk Yes / No
Trip alarm seal-in Trip Alm Seal-in (YES) or No Seal-in (NO)
Remote setting change enable Rem. Set Remote Allowed (YES) orNo Remote (NO)
Real time clock set Set Time Yes / No1. Set year Year 1980 - 20792. Set month Month 1 - 123. Set day Day 1 - 314. Set weekday Weekday Sunday (SUN) thru Saturday (SAT)5. Set hour Hour 0 - 236. Set minute Minute 0 - 59
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TABLE 4-2. METERING DISPLAY
Information Displayed As
Phase A current (magnitude & angle) IA: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase A voltage (magnitude & angle) VAG: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase B current (magnitude & angle) IB: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase B voltage (magnitude & angle) VBG: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase C current (magnitude & angle) IC: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase C voltage (magnitude & angle) VCG: magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Time and date TimeDate
Local, Remote or both setting control Settings
Carrier receive-1 (Yes or No) (RX1) Rx Ch1
Carrier receive-2 (Yes or N0) (RX2) Rx Ch2
Date of last setting change Last Set
LOP condition if present LOP
LOI condition if present LOI
Out-of-step block if present OS Block
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TABLE 4-3. TARGET (FAULT DATA) DISPLAY (SHEET 1 OF 2)
Front Panel RCPInformation Display Display
Fault type Flt Type (FTYP) AG / BG / CG / AB / BC / CA /ABG / BCG / CAG / ABC orblank if other
Breaker 1 tripped Breaker 1 (BK1) Yes / No
Breaker 2 tripped Breaker 2 (BK2) Yes / No
Zone1 phase trip Zone1ø (Z1P) Yes / No
Zone1 ground trip Zone1G (Z1G) Yes / No
Zone2 phase trip Zone2ø (Z2P) Yes / No
Zone2 ground trip Zone2G (Z2G) Yes / No
Zone3 phase trip Zone3ø (Z3P) Yes / No
Zone3 ground trip Zone3G (Z3G) Yes / No
Pilot phase trip Pilot ø (PLTP) Yes / No
Pilot ground trip Pilot G (PLTG) Yes / No
High set phase trip Inst. ø (ITP) Yes / No
High set ground trip Inst. G (ITG) Yes / No
Close into fault trip CIF Trip (CIFT) Yes / No
Load-loss trip LL Trip (LLT) Yes / No
Ground backup trip GB Trip (GB) Yes / No
Fault location Imp. Flt (Z) magnitude (Ω) and angle (°)
Fault distance Flt Dist (DMI or DKM) in Miles or Kilometers
Prefault load current PFlt I (PFLC) numerical in Amps
Prefault phase voltage PFlt V (PFLV) numerical in Volts
Prefault load angle PFlt Ang (LP) numerical in degrees
Carrier send Car Send (SEND) Yes / No
(continued)
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TABLE 4-3. TARGET (FAULT DATA) DISPLAY (SHEET 2 OF 2)
Front Panel RCPInformation Display Display
Receiver 1 Rx Ch1 (RX1) Yes / No
Receiver 2 Rx Ch2 (RX2) Yes / No
Weakfeed trip Weakfeed (WFT) Yes / No
Phase A fault voltage VAG Flt (VPA) magnitude (Volts) and angle (°)
Phase B fault voltage VBG Flt (VPB) magnitude (Volts) and angle (°)
Phase C fault voltage VCB Flt (VPC) magnitude (Volts) and angle (°)
3V0 fault voltage 3V0 Flt (3V0) magnitude (volts) and angle (°)
Phase A fault current IA Flt (IPA) magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase B fault current IB Flt (IPB) magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Phase C fault current IC Flt (IPC) magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
IP fault current IP Flt (IP) magnitude (Amps) and angle (°)
Date of fault Date Flt (DATE) Month/day and year
Time of fault Time Flt (TIME) Hours, minutes, seconds andfractions
NOTE: On front panel display, all Yes or No information displayed when theanswer is YES
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(10/94) 4-23
List of the 30 functions to choose from for the programmable contactoutputs.
Function Description
OR Logic OR when several functions are combinedAND Logic AND when several functions are combined
CIFT Close into fault tripZ2P Zone2 phase tripZ2G Zone2 ground tripZ3P Zone3 phase tripZ3G Zone3 ground tripGB Ground backup (overcurrent) tripPLTG Pilot ground tripPLTP Pilot phase tripI0s Low set ground overcurrent indicationSEND Carrier SendOSB Out-of-step block pickupRI2 Reclose initiationTBM TBM signal (blocking scheme)CR1 Receive Channel 1 signalCR2 Receive Channel 2 signal21BI Inner blinder 21BI pickupITG High set overcurrent ground tripZ1G Zone1 ground tripZ1P Zone1 phase tripECHO Weakfeed echo keyPLTX Pilot in serviceRB Reclosing blockWFT Weakfeed tripSTOP Carrier stopFDOG FDOG / I0m / FDGTITP High set overcurrent phase tripLLT Load loss tripLV Low voltageBFI Breaker failure initiationLOP Loss of potential pickupITP High set phase
TABLE 4-4. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS
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TABLE 4-5:COMMUNICATIONS CABLE REQUIREMENTS
Connection Type Cable(Straight = nonull modem)
Pins Req’d.(All pins
not required)
Cable Connectors Notes
DB-25S, RS-232C connected to PC* Straight 2, 3, 7 To port: 25 pin DTETo PC: 9 or 25 pin DCE
DB-25S, RS-232C connected to modem Null Modem 2, 3, 7 To port: 25 pin DTEto Modem: 25 pin DTE
DB-9P, RS-232C connected to PC* Null Modem 2, 3, 5 To port: 9 pin DCETo Modem: 25 pin DTE
See IL 40-610 For settings
DB-9P, RS-232C connected to modem Straight 2, 3, 5 To port: 9 pin DCETo Modem: 25 pin DTE
See IL 40-610 For settings
DB-9S, RS-232C connected to PC* Straight 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 To port: 9 pin DTETo PC: 9 or 25 pin DCE
See Table 4-6 For settings
DB-9S, RS-232C connected to modem Null Modem 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 To port: 9 pin DTETo Modem: 25 pin DTE
See Table 4-6 For settings
* A communications cable kit (item identification number 1504B78G01) will accomadate most connectioncombinations, in Table 4-5, is avaible through your local ABB representative.
Table 4-6:DIP SWITCH SETTING CHART
Dip Switch Pole
1 2 3Port DataRate (bps)
0 0 0 300
Logic 1 is towardsPrinted Circuit Board
Dip Switch poles 4 & 5are not used
0 0 1 1200
0 1 0 2400
0 1 1 4800
1 0 0 9600
1 0 1 19200
1 1 0 1200
1 1 1 1200
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PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to provide a test that can be used for incoming in-spection or to determine at any time if the REL 301 or 302 is functioning correctly. TheAcceptance Test confirms that a particular unit is serviceable with a minimum of timeand effort. During the Acceptance Test the emphasis is on hardware verification.
If the reader’s goal is to completely evaluate REL 301 and/or REL 302 firmware, theEngineering Evaluation Test Manual is recommended for that purpose. The manualis intended to aid the user in understanding the software design and/or decide if theREL 301 or REL 302 is suitable for a specific application. For further details see En-gineering Evaluation Test Manual number TM 40-386.
The Acceptance Test Will Cover:
• Front Panel, Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) testSelf test relay status displayMetering mode display testSettings application
• Hardware Verification
• Impedance Accuracy Check
• Tests of all inputs and contact outputs
• Additionally, if the relay under test is a REL 302, the pilot logic and pilot distancemeasuring function will be tested.
Test Equipment:
The minimum test equipment required is:
• One 3-phase, variable (magnitude and phase angle), Y-connected voltage source
• One 1-phase, variable (magnitude and phase angle), current source synchronizedto the voltage source
• Two Flexitest (FT) test plugs
• Appropriate test leads and hand tools
The test equipment can be in the form of popular multi-function test equipment, suchas the equipment offered by AVO International Multi-Amp, Doble Engineering Compa-ny or Powertec Industries Inc., or by using conventional phase shifter, load box, vari-ous test setups.
Before energizing the relay it is extremely important to checkthat all jumpers on the filter, power supply and microprocessormodules are in the correct position.
! CAUTION
Section 5. REL 301/302 ACCEPTANCE TESTAND PERIODIC MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
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Acceptance Test
Before beginning any testing, verify that voltage selectable input, and contact config-uration jumpers are in the correct position. The following tables, with appropriate ref-erence figures, will provide a guide for the jumper settings. In-service settings mayvary according to specific applications.
Filter ModuleSee Figure 5-1
for Location
Jumper Identification Jumper Purpose Factory Setting
P2 52 a Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P18 52 b Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P7 External Reset Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P9 Pilot Enable Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P10 Receiver 1 Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P12 Sync-Check Voltage Reference VA
P13 Receiver 2 Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
Table 5-1:
Power Supply Module See Figure 5-2 for Location
Jumper Identification Jumper Purpose Factory Setting
JMP1 Carrier Stop Normally Open NO
JMP2 Carrier Send Normally Open NO
JMP5 Output contact 4 Normally Open NO
JMP4 Output Contact 3 Normally Open NO
JMP3 Output Contact 2 Normally Open NO
JMP6 Relay Fail Alarm AL1 Normally Closed NC
JMP7 Relay Trip Alarm AL2 Normally Open NO
Table 5-2:
Microprocessor Module * See Figure 5-3 for Location
Jumper Identification Jumper Purpose Factory Setting
JP3 Spare Jumper Storage IN (Jumper Present)
JP4 Trip Dropout Delay OUT (No Jumper)
JP5 Enable Output Test OUT (No Jumper)
JP6 A/D Calibration OUT (No Jumper)
* To verify or change jumper positions on the microprocessor module it isnecessary to remove the front panel of the REL 301/302.
Table 5-3:
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To prepare the relay for testing, it is necessary to make certain test connections. Testconnections can be made to the rear terminals of the relay, or through test plugs andbuilt-in FT switches. The easiest connection, for the voltage and current inputs, isthrough the FT test plugs and test switches.
NOTE: When using the conventional FT switch test plugs, it is recommendedto remove the front nameplate to allow the plug to be fully inserted inthe switch jaws.
5. 1. NON-PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR REL 301/302
5.1.1 Front Panel Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) Test
REL 301/302 front panels consists of 9 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) , RESET push-button and the Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) which includes a 2 line (16 character perline) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with 4 push-buttons. All settings, two most recenttargets, display quantities and relay test functions can be accessed with the MMI. Foracceptance testing, the MMI will be referenced for all access to and data acquisitionfrom the relay. See Figure 1-5 for a detailed layout of the front panel with MMI.
If the system under test is not equipped with the MMI or it is desired to utilize one ofthe communication ports, all access to and data acquisition from the relay can be ac-complished. Data communications via the communication ports will not be covered inthis procedure.
If the relay under test is equipped with reclosing the front panel has additional LED’s(up to 6 with sync check) and the MMI has a switch to toggle between the reclosingsettings and protection settings. Separation of reclosing settings from protection set-tings alleviates the need to scroll through the reclosing settings when protection set-tings are in progress.
STEP 1
To begin the test procedure apply rated dc voltage to terminals FT-11(+) and FT-20(-).The dc voltage rating of the relay is stated on the front nameplate. Upon application ofthe appropriate dc voltage, the relay will complete a self-test/startup/initializationroutine. If the startup routine is successfully completed, the “Protection-in-Service“LED will light. The LCD display enters the METER mode and displays the A phasecurrent magnitude. (At this time the A phase current will read 0.0 amp and no anglewill be displayed.) If the “Protection-in-Service” LED does not light, check the dc supplyvoltage and connections.
Using the RAISE or LOWER push-button to scroll (forward or backward, respectively)all metering mode quantities can be reviewed. See Table 4-2 for complete details of theMETER display mode quantities.
MMI is accessed by pressing the SELECT push-button, to scroll sequentially throughthe five display modes, METER(ing), L-FLT (Last FauLT), P-FLT (Previous FauLT),TEST, and SET(ing). Current display mode is shown in the upper right corner of theLCD display. (See Section 4.4.7 for more details.)
Press the SELECT push-button and scroll to the TEST display. The display shouldread “STATUS” “0” indicating the self-checking/startup/initialization routine was
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completed successfully and the system is continuously passing the self-checking rou-tine.
STEP 2
Press the SELECT push-button until you reach the SET mode. Displayed is the firm-ware VERSION number. Verify the VERSION number agrees with the version numbershown on the cover of this instruction literature.
NOTE: Pressing the RESET push-button, at any time, will reset the targetLED’s and cause the display to return to the METER display mode.
STEP 3
The settings used for the first test, impedance accuracy test, are shown in Table 5-4(Table 5-5 for REL 302). Table 5-4 (or 5-5) settings should be applied to the relay at thistime.
To enter the settings, press the SELECT push-button again until the SET mode is in-dicated. Then load all settings, one after the other, by using the following procedure toselect, set and accept each setting. When all settings have been entered, the entire set-tings set should be reviewed for correctness before continuing with this procedure.
Setting application example OSC Data setting:
1. Press the RAISE push-button to display the “OSC Data” setting (upper-left corner of thedisplay).
2. Press the ENTER push-button to enable the value to be changed.
3. Press the RAISE push-button to display “OSC Data” to “Trip”.
4. Press the ENTER push-button to accept the new setting value.
5. The LCD display of “Value Updated!” Indicates the setting change is accepted.
6. Press the RAISE push-button to display the next setting and repeat Steps 1 thru 4 above.
NOTE: The ENTER push-button must be pressed to select each setting changeindividually, not the entire group of settings.
NOTE: Before continuing with this procedure verify the “Freq” and “CT Type”settings match the line frequency and current transformer input beingused.
5.1.2 Input quantities Verification and Metering Display
STEP 4
Connect the test source according to Figure 5-4. This connection will be used for veri-fication of the Alarm 1 relay operation and the METER mode display. This connectionwill also be used for the first test.
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Apply a balanced 3-phase voltage:
VA = 70 ang 0°
VB = 70 ang -120°
VC = 70 ang 120°
Failure Alarm (AL-1) relay contacts (Terminals TB3-25 and TB3-26) are closed beforethe balanced voltage is applied. After applying the balanced voltage verify the normallyclosed contacts are open. That is, not in the alarm state.
Press the SELECT push-button again until the METER mode is selected. Displayed isthe A phase current, “IA:” and the value “0.0A”, since no current is being applied, andthe current angle is blank. For any current value less than 0.5A, no current angle isdisplayed. This is also true for currents IB and IC.
NOTE: ALL angle measurements (voltages and currents) are with reference tothe A phase voltage (VAG) which is always assumed at zero degrees, rel-ative.
Press the RAISE or LOWER push-button to view the other currents, voltages and as-sociated angles. See Table 4-2 for the details of the “METER” mode displayed quanti-ties.
5.1.3 “TEST MODE”
The “TEST” display mode provides diagnostics and testing capabilities for REL 301/302. Relay self-check routine results, as previously described in Step 1 above, and out-put relay contact testing are among the functions in the “TEST” mode. Also includedis the ability to test front panel LED’s and verification of selected contact inputs.
STEP 5
a. Press the SELECT push-button until the “TEST” mode is selected. Displayed is the resultof the self-test routine. Results of the self-check routine are represented by a hex numberin the VALUE FIELD of the “Status” function. A normal status, (relay system passing theself-check routine) is “STATUS” “0”. If REL 301/302 fails the self-check routine another hexvalue is displayed, which can be interpreted to provide failure mode information.
For example if the display shows “STATUS” “1B”, the binary equivalent which results is:
HEX VALUE 1 B
Binary Equiv. 0001 1011
Bit Number 7654 3210
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Using the following table, failure mode can be determined by equating bit numbers(from above) to failure description. A bit set to “1” indicates the corresponding failurehas been detected.
For reference the binary-to-hexadecimal conversion is shown below:
RELAY STATUS FAILURE MODE
FAILURE DESCRIPTION BIT NUMBER
RAM Failure 0
EEPROM* Warning** 1
EPROM Checksum Fail *** 2
EEPROM Failure 3
Analog Input Failure 4
Microprocessor Failure 5
* Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (non - volatile memory** “EEPROM Warning” indicates a non-fatal error related to the failure of the
EEPROM check routine. All data stored in the EEPROM is written to 3identical arrays.These arrays are continuously checked for agreement with each other. If anyof the 3 arrays disagree (2 arrays must agree with each other) an “EEPROMWarning” is given. This is the only failure which does not take the protectionout of service. (Also the “Protection In-Service” LED remains lighted.)
*** EPROM Checksum Failure indicates the program memory has failed.With the exception noted above, (“EEPROM Warning”) relay tripping is blockedto prevent false operation, upon failure of the self-check routine. Also the“Protection In-Service” LED goes out.
HEX DIGITBINARY
REPRESENTATION
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
A 1 0 1 0
B 1 0 1 1
C 1 1 0 1
D 1 1 0 1
E 1 1 1 0
F 1 1 1 1
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b. The “TEST” display mode also provides access for testing for REL 301/302 output relaycontacts. All output relays will be tested using the procedure described in Step 12. In asso-ciation with the contact test, receiver 1 and/or 2 units can be simulated for verification ofREL 302 pilot logic. These input simulations will be used later in Section 5.2 Pilot Accep-tance Tests for REL 302.
As previously stated, when REL 301 or REL 302 are energized the system performs acomplete self-test/startup/initialization routine. Upon successful completion of thestartup routine the system firmware enters what is referred to as the backgroundmode. In the background mode all “non-fault analysis” functions are performed. In thebackground mode, current and voltage sampling is done continuously (2 millisecondresolution) as well as the calculation of current and voltage phasors. Also, when thesystem is in background mode MMI functions and (continuous) self-checking are per-formed. See Figure 1-6 for software flowchart reference.
Tripping decisions are made in the fault mode. Both the REL 301 and REL 302 utilizea unique disturbance detector that is used to switch from background mode to faultmode processing. In fault mode only processing related to fault calculation trip logicanalysis are done. All background mode functions not related to tripping are stopped.
The operate criteria for the disturbance detector (Fault Detector) are:
Phase current (∆IA, ∆IB, or ∆IC) > 1.0A peak and 12.5% changeGround current (∆I0)>0.5 A peakPhase voltage (∆VA, ∆VB, or ∆VC) >7V and 12.5% change with a current change of∆I>0.5 A
When one of the above is met, REL 301 or REL 302 will switch to fault mode process-ing.
In order to perform all tests, voltages will be applied first then the designated value ofcurrent has to be suddenly applied. If REL 301 or REL 302 does not trip, adjust thecurrent to a higher value, and then suddenly reapply current. Unlike conventionalelectromechanical relays, slowly ramping up the current will not cause Zone1 tripping.The current required to trip is shown for each test.
5.1.4 Zone1 Impedance Accuracy Check
STEP 6
With the system under test connected as shown in Figure 5-4 and with the settingsfrom Table 5-1 (5-2 for REL 302) applied to the system, adjust the voltages as follows:
VA = 30 ang 0°VB = 70 ang -120°VC = 70 ang 120°
Apply current to the A phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is4.00 amps ± 5% at an angle of 75° lagging the fault voltage. This is the “maximumtorque angle” test.
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The current required to trip can be calculated using the following:
From Table H-1:
• Zone1G = 4.5 Ω
• ANG POS = 75°
• ZR=ZOL/Z1L = 3.0
using an X = 75° (lagging)
The current required to trip = 4.00A ± 5 % for fault current lagging fault voltage by 75°. This isthe maximum torque angle test. For other points on the MHO circle, change X to a value be-tween 0° and 150°, and calculate the value of I. This formula is valid for Zone1G R set to 0.01ohms.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone1 and AG LED’s will light. The LCDdisplay will indicate the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons thecomplete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayedfault data quantities.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type – “FLT Type” “AG”
Targets – “Zone1G” “Yes”
Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0 and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
All trip associated contact outputs, should be monitored as a part of this test. Connectappropriate monitoring equipment to the “dry” contact outputs to be monitored. SeeFigures 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 for contact output connection. Additionally, with an externaljumper connected between TB1 (SYST TEST) and FT-5 (FRI/RI ENA), the following canbe observed:
1. Breaker failure initiate (BFI) BFIA-1 and BFIA-2 are closed as long as the fault is appliedafter the trip decision is made. BFI contacts “follow” the trip contacts.
2. General Start (GS) contact will pick-up for approximately 50 ms immediately after the faultis applied.
3. Trip alarm (Trip alarm, Al-2), relay will pick-up and remain picked up as long as the fault isapplied, after the trip decision is made. The AL-2 contact “follows” the trip contacts. Afterthe fault has been removed, AL-2 will remain picked up since the “Trip Alarm” is set to Seal-in. Alarm 2 can then be reset by pushing the RESET push-button.
IVLN
Z1GCOS PANG X–( ) 1ZR 1–( )
3---------------------+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=
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4. Reclosing Initiation (RI) contacts RI-1 and RI-2 will not operate since the setting “RI type”is “No RI”. Change “RI Type” to “ØG RI” and re-apply the fault current. RI-1 and RI-2 shouldpick-up for approximately 400 ms (after the trip decision has been made).
Repeat the A phase-to-ground fault test and measure the trip time, which should beless than 2 cycles.
STEP 7
Using the test connections shown in Figures 5-5 and 5-6, repeat Step 6 above for Bphase-to-ground (BG) and C phase-to-ground (CG) faults respectively. The test voltag-es are shown below:
For BG fault test, make connections as shown in Figure 5-5 and adjust the voltages asfollows:
VA = 70 ang 0°VB = VF = 30 ang -120°VC = 70 ang 120°
Apply current to the B phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is4.00 amps ± 5% at an angle of 75° lagging the fault voltage.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone1 and BG LED’s will light. The LCDdisplay will indicate the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons thecomplete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayedfault data quantities.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type – “FLT Type” “BG”Targets – “Zone1G” “Yes”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
For CG fault test make connections as shown in Figure 5-6 and adjust the voltages asfollows:
VA = 70 ang 0°VB = 70 ang -120°VC = VF = 30 ang 120°
Apply current to the C phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is4.00 Amps ± 5% at the angle of 75° lagging the fault voltage.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone1 and CG LED’s will light. The LCDdisplay will indicate the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOER push-buttons thecomplete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-4 for a description of the displayedfault data quantities.
The significant quantities to review are:
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Fault Type – “FLT Type” “CG”Targets – “Zone1G” “Yes”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
5.1.5 Input Opto-Coupler Check (Also see Step 12)
STEP 8External Reset
Apply an AG fault as described pin Step 6 above. As stated the Zone1 and AG LEDswill light and begin flashing. The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and faultdistance will be displayed. Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause theLCD display switch to the METER display and the LED’s to stop flashing.
Again apply an AG fault. Again the Zone1 and AG LEDs will light and begin flashing.The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed.Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-7(+) and TB4-8(-). The LCD will display “FLTType”, all fault data will be erased and the LED’s will stop flashing. Remove the voltagefrom TB4-7 and TB4-8.
STEP 952b Input
Using the MMI change the setting of “CIF Trip” from “No” to “Yes” using the procedurein Step 4 above. Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6 above, except with a currentof 2 Amp at an angle of 75° lagging the fault voltage. The relay should not trip.
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-5(+) and TB4-6(-). Again apply an AG faultwith a current of 2 Amp at an angle of 75° lagging the fault voltage. The relay shouldtrip and a review of the target should show “CIF Trip” “Yes”. Remove the voltage fromTB4-5 and TB4-6. Change the setting of “CIF Trip” from “Yes” to “No”.
5.1.6 Input Transformer (Ip) Check
STEP 10
Change the following settings using the procedure in Step 3 above.
“Zone1Ø” = “Disabled” (Zone1 phase distance setting)“Zone1G” = “Disabled” (Zone1 ground distance setting)“Dir Type” = “Dual Polariz” (Directional overcurrent polarization choice setting)“GB Type” = “CO-8” (Overcurrent ground backup curve family setting)“GBPickup” = “0.5 Amps” (Overcurrent ground backup pickup setting)“GBTCurve” = “24” (Overcurrent ground backup curve selection setting)“GB Dir” = “YES” (Overcurrent ground backup directional choice setting)
Since the “GB Dir” = “YES”, the Ground Backup logic is directional, torque controlledand is supervised by Forward Directional Overcurrent Ground (FDOG) logic. In orderto test the directional logic, 3Ø voltages must be applied for correct directional refer-ence. With no voltage applied or if the setting of Loss -of-Potential Block (LOPB) is YESand at least one input voltage is zero volts, GB will be non-directional regardless of theGB Dir setting.
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This test is to verify the dual polarizing or fourth current transformer input (Ip). For adual polarizing ground directional unit test, connect the test circuit shown in Figure5-7. Apply IP = 1.0A ∠-90° to terminals 13 (+) and 12 (-), and apply a balanced 3-phasevoltage (Va = Vb = Vc = 70 Vac). Apply If = 4A to terminals 15 (+) and 15 (-) The relayshould trip at the following angles to the system under test. Observe tripping at all ofthe following angles of IP:
• All angles between -3° and -177°
• Or -90° ± 87°, where -90° could be referred to as the maximum torque angle
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. OTHER and AG LEDs will light. TheLCD display will indicate the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-but-tons the complete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of thedisplayed fault data.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type – “FLT Type” “AG”Targets – “GB Trip” “Yes”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
Using the same test connection, as above, the system should not trip at any of the fol-lowing angles of IP:
• All angles between -3° and -177°
• Or +90° ± 87°, where +90° could be referred to as the zero torque angle
5.1.7 Output Contact and Input Circuit Verification Test
STEP 11
The purpose of this test is to check the hardware connections, output relay contactoperation, and input circuit verification.
To perform these tests, jumper #5 (JP5) on the microprocessor module, must be inplace. (Refer to Step 1 for details.) Jumper #3 (JP3) is a spare jumper which is movedto the JP5 position for this test. Upon test completion, if front panel output contactoperation is not desired, remove JP5 and return it to the JP3 position.
Press the SELECT push-button and scroll to the “TEST” display. The display shouldread “STATUS” “0” indicating the self-checking/startup/initialization routine wascompleted successfully and the system is continuously passing the self-checking rou-tine. Press the RAISE push-button and scroll to contact output to be tested. All contactoutputs can be tested. See the “CONNECTION SPECIFICATION CHART” in Chapter 4,page 4-2 for contact listing and terminal references.
After scrolling to the contact output to be tested, for example “Trip” “Relay”, pressingthe ENTER push-button will cause the trip relay to operate and hence the trip contactsto close. A similar procedure is used to test any contact output.
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NOTE: Testing of the trip contacts generates a target which is reported as sim-ply “Test” in the display. Trip contact testing is the only contact testwhich generates a target.
In the “TEST” mode verification of the LEDs functioning is accomplished by scrollingto the “LEDs” “Protection” display and pressing the ENTER push-button. The protec-tion LEDs will light in the following sequence and remain lit while the ENTER push-button is depressed:
1. Pilot (REL 302 only) 6. BG2. Zone1 7. CG3. Zone2 8. MØ4. Zone3 9. Other5. AG
The following inputs can be tested, in the “TEST” mode, By applying voltage to eachinput and observing the “Inputs” display. Scroll to the “Inputs” display, apply ratedvoltage and as each input is energized, the associated display segment changes from“–” to “|”.
This completes the REL 301 and REL 302 (non-pilot) Acceptance Test.
5. 2. PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS (FOR REL 302 ONLY)
5.2.1 Non-Pilot Acceptance Tests for REL 301/302
Perform the acceptance test procedures in Section 5.1 if not previously completed.These tests are valid tests of hardware and firmware performance for either REL 301or REL 302.
5.2.2 Input Opto-Coupler Check
STEP 12Pilot Enable (PLT ENA)
In Step 3, Section 5.1, the settings from Table 5-2 should have been loaded for Non-Pilot Acceptance Tests. Change the following settings using the procedure in Step 4above:
“Pilot” = “YES” (Remote pilot control setting)“SystType” = “Blocking” (Pilot system selection setting)
Input Under Test Display
52a |- - - - -
52b - | - - - -
EXT RESET - - | - - -
PLT ENA (Pilot Enable, REL 302 only) - - - | - -
RCVR1 (Receiver 1, REL 302 only) - - - - | -
RCVR2 (Receiver 2, REL 302 only) - - - - - |
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“Dir Type” = “Zero sequence” (Directional overcurrent polarization choice setting)“GB Type” = “Disabled” (Overcurrent ground backup curve family setting)
Test Using Blocking System
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6 above. The REL 302 should not trip.
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-9(+) and TB4-10(-). Again apply an AG faultas described in Step 6 above. When the relay trips, remove the fault current. PILOTand AG LED’s will light. The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault dis-tance will be displayed. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons the complete faultrecord can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayed fault data quan-tities.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type — “FLT Type” “AG”Targets — “Pilot G” “YES”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, 3I0)
Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause the LCD display to switch tothe METER display and the LEDs will stop flashing.
STEP 13Receiver Inputs 1 and 2
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-9(+) and TB4-10(-) for tests a and b below.
a. Blocking System Test
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should trip. When the relaytrips, remove the fault current. PILOT and AG LEDs will light. The LCD display willswitch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed. Using the RAISEand LOWER push-buttons the complete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-2 for a description of the displayed fault data quantities.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type — “FLT Type” “AG”Targets — “Pilot G” “YES”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, 3I0)
Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause the LCD display to switchto the METER display and the LEDs will stop flashing.
Applying rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-11(+) and TB4-12(-) simulates the re-ceipt of a pilot blocking signal. Again apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. TheREL 302 should not trip. Remove voltage from terminals TB4-11 and TB4-12.
Receipt of the pilot signal can also be simulated from the front panel. Using theprocedure outlined in Step 5, press the SELECT push-button until the “TEST”mode is selected. Displayed is the result of the self-test routine which should showa normal status, “Status” “0”.
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Pressing the RAISE push-button, scroll to “Rx1” display. Pressing the ENTERpush-button simulates the receipt of the blocking signal. While depressing the EN-TER push-button, again apply an AG fault. The REL 302 should not trip.
b. Permissive Overreach and Underreach Transfer Trip (POTT, PUTT) System Test
Change the following setting using the procedure in Step 3.
“SystType” = “POTT” (Pilot system selection setting)
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should not trip.
Applying rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-11(+) and TB4-12(-) simulates the re-ceipt of a permissive signal. Again apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. TheREL 302 should trip. When the relay trips, remove the fault current. PILOT andAG LEDs will light. The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault dis-tance will be displayed. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons the completefault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayed faultdata quantities.
The significant quantities to review are”
Fault Type — “FLT Type” “AG”Targets — “Pilot G” “YES”Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause the LCD display to switchto the METER display and the LEDs will stop flashing.
Receipt of the pilot signal can be simulated from the front panel as in Part a above.Using the procedure outlined in Step 5, press the SELECT push-button until the“TEST” mode is selected. Displayed is the result of the self-test routine whichshould show a normal status, “Status” “0”.
Pressing the RAISE push-button, scroll to “Rx1” display. Pressing the ENTERpush-button simulates the receipt of the permissive signal. While depressing theENTER push-button, again apply an AG fault. The REL 302 should trip as in thetest above as though voltage is applied to the Receiver 1 input.
c. Repeat the tests in Part b. Above except using the Receiver 2 input by applying rated dcvoltage to terminals TB4-13(+) and TB4-14(-). In the front panel test substitute “Rx2”.
This completes the REL 302 Pilot Acceptance Test.
5. 3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
NOTE: It is NOT recommended to perform any type of invasive periodic main-tenance test (requiring relay disassembly).
5.3.1 Periodic Maintenance Tests
5.3.1.1 Using Remote or Local Data Communication
• Read Metering Values
• Read Diagnostic Information
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 5-15
• Monitor Relay Failure Indication
• Remotely test Output Relay (Trip, Close, etc.)
• Check for Failure Alarm via annunciator or network
• Change real-time clock battery. (See Figure 5-3 for location.) Use a lithium type bat-tery such as Ray O’Vac #BR2016.
5.3.1.2 Using Man-Machine Interface
• Use the front display, and push-buttons to manually perform the tests described inSection 5.3.1.1 above.
5.3.1.3 Routine Visual Inspection
With the exception of routine visual inspection, the REL 301/302 relay assemblyshould be maintenance free for one year. A program of routine visual inspectionshould include:
• Condition of cabinet or other housing
• Tightness of mounting hardware
• Proper seating of subassemblies
• Condition of external wiring
• Appearance of printed circuit boards and components
• Signs of overheating in equipment
5.3.1.4 Perform the Acceptance Test
Performing this test is optional if all other test results are acceptable.
5. 4. CALIBRATION
5.4.1 Pre-Calibration
NOTE: When the REL301/302 is being calibrated, move the jumper from JMP3to JMP6 position on the Microprocessor Module. After calibration, re-place the jumper back to the original JMP3 position.
Three trimpots (P17, P16, P15) are used to calibrate the A/D converter; a variable ca-pacitor (C6) is used for clock adjustment (see Figure 5-1). The REL301/302 relay hasbeen properly adjusted at the factory; adjustments by the user are not required. Thefollowing Factory calibration procedure is for reference only.
1) Turn “OFF” all Vac and Vdc power.
2) Remove the cover and front panel by using a screw driver.
3) Connect together all terminals FT-1, 2, 3, 4, 12-19 through an external matingconnector.
4) Move jumper from JMP3 to JMP6.
5) Remove U6 (Sample/Hold device from its socket on Input/Filter Module.
6) Connect a digital voltmeter (with at least 5 digits) to TP3, and TP2 (common).
I.L. 40-386.3
5-16 (10/94)
7) Using a battery and potentiometer, connect the adjustable voltage to TP1, andcommon to TP2. (Apply voltage per steps 11 and 12.)
8) Apply a rated dc voltage across FT-20 and FT-11. Turn “ON” the dc powersource.
9) On the front panel, depress the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is in-dicated.
5.4.2 A/D Calibration
10) Raise the Function field display to A/D CAL mode. The value field display showsthe average Hex value of the analog input over one cycle.
11) Set the Voltmeter input to -4.99878 Vdc. Adjust Pot P16 until the Value displayreads C009 (see A/D Converter offset adjustment).
12) Set the voltmeter input to +4.99634 Vdc. Adjust Pot 17 until the Value displayreds 3FF4. (see A/D Converter Gain adjustment.)
13) Turn “OFF” the dc power supply.
14) Remove the battery voltage from TP1 and TP2.
15) Remove the digital voltmeter.
16) Replace U6 into its socket.
17) Turn “ON” the dc power supply and adjust Pot P15 until the Value display reads0 or FFFF.
NOTE: The value “FFFF” is a hexadecimal number.
5.4.3 Real-Time Clock Calibration on Microprocessor Module
18) Connect a precision period/counter instrument to TP1 and TP2 (common) onPWR supply. Adjust variable capacitor (C6) to read the period of pulses at TP1.It should be 1.000000 second ( 0.000002).
19) Turn “OFF” the dc power supply.
20) Remove the power leads and external connector.
21) Move jumper from JMP6 to JMP3 position and replace front panel with sixscrews.
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 5-17
Fig
ure
5-1
.F
ilter
(In
pu
t) M
odu
le
1612
C34
She
et 3
of 3
Sub
2
52a
52b
EXTRESET
PILOT
RCVR
RCVR
SYNCCHECKREFERENCE2
1
ENABLE
Not Used
I.L. 40-386.3
5-18 (10/94)
Fig
ure
5-2
.Pow
er S
upply
/O
utp
ut
Mod
ule
JMP1
NO NC
JMP2
NO NC
JMP5
NO NC
JMP4
NO NC
JMP3
NO NC
JMP6
NC NO
JMP
7
NC NO
CARRIERSTOP
CARRIERSEND
OC 4
OC 3
AL - 1
AL - 2
OC 2
1612
C68
She
et 4
of 4
Sub
4
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 5-19
Figure 5-3. Microprocessor Module
JP6
JP5
JP3
JP4
Clock Battery
1613C55Sheet 3 of 3
*Sub 6
I.L. 40-386.3
5-20(10/94)
Figure 5-4. Test Connection for AØ - Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
➆➉
➈➇➅
➄➃
➂➁
➀
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
REL 301/302(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage (+)
(-)(Check Nameplate)
Install this jumper if dual polarizing not used
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94)5-21 Figure 5-5. Test Connection for BØ-Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
➆➉
➈➇➅
➄➃
➂➁
➀
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
REL 301/302(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage (+)
(-)(Check Nameplate)
Install this jumper if dual polarizing not used
I.L. 40-386.3
5-22(10/94)
Figure 5-6. Test Connection for CØ-Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
➆➉
➈➇➅
➄➃
➂➁
➀
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
REL 301/302(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage (+)
(-)(Check Nameplate)
Install this jumper if dual polarizing not used
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94)5-23 Figure 5-7. Test Connection for AØ-Ground Test (Dual Polarizing)
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
➆➉
➈➇➅
➄➃
➂➁
➀
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
REL 301/302(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage (+)
(-)(Check Nameplate)
Ip+
-
I.L. 40-386.3
5-24 (10/94)
TABLE 5-4. REL 301 SETTINGS (NON-PILOT SYSTEM)
(As Displayed on Front Panel LCD)
VERSION X.XXOSC Data TripFLT Data TripCT Ratio 1000VT Ratio 2000Freq 60 HzCT Type 5 ampsRead Out Secondary UnitsX/Dist 0.500 Ω/KmDist Unit KilometersRI Type No RIFast RI Z1/Inst IZone2 RI NOZone3 RI NOSys Type Non PilotZone1 ø 4.50 OhmsZone1 G 4.50 OhmsZone1G R 0.01 OhmsT1 Timer ∅ CyclesZone2ø DisabledT2Ø Type Definite TimeT2Ø Time 1.00 secZone2 G DisabledZone2G R 0.01 OhmsT2G Type Definite TimeT2G Time 1.50 secZone3ø DisabledT3 ø 2.00 secZone3 G DisabledZone3G R 0.01 Ohms
T3 G 2.50 secZone3 Forward DirAng Pos. 75°Ang Zero 75°Z0L/Z1L 3.0Low V 60 VoltsLow Iø 0.50 ampsIM 0.50 amps3IOs 0.50 amps3IOm 0.50 ampsInst. ø DisabledInst. G DisabledOS Block NOOSOT 4000 secOS Inner 15.00 OhmsOS Outer 15.00 OhmsDir Type Zero SequenceGB Type DisabledGB Pickup 0.50 ampsGBT Curve 24GB Dir YESCIF Trip NOLL Trip NOLOP Blk NOLOI Blk NOTrip Alm Seal-inRem. Set Remote AllowedSet Time NO
NOTE: This REL 301 settings table is for 60 Hz and 5A ct systems. For 1A ct, changeZone1 Ø, Zone1G R, Zone2 Ø, Zone2 G, Zone2G R, Zone3 Ø, Zone3 G, Zone3G R,OS Inner, OS Outter by multiplying a factor of 5, and all current values mentionedin the text should be multiplied by a factor of 0.02.
I.L. 40-386.3
(10/94) 5-25
TABLE 5-5. REL 302 SETTINGS (PILOT SYSTEM)
(As Displayed on Front Panel LCD)
VERSION X.XXOSC Data TripFLT Data TripCT Ratio 1000VT Ratio 2000Freq 60 HzCT Type 5 ampsRead Out Secondary UnitsX/Dist 0.500 Ω/KmDist Unit KilometersRI Type No RIFast RI Z1/Inst IZone2 RI NOZone3 RI NORemBF RB NOPilot NOSystType Non-PilotFDOG Time BlockedWeakfeed NO3-Term NOBlk Time 0 msecPilot ø DisabledPilot G 6.00 OhmsPilotG R 0.01 OhmsZone1 ø 4.50 OhmsZone1 G 4.50 OhmsZone1G R 0.01 OhmsT1 Timer ∅ CyclesZone2 ø DisabledT2 ø Type Definite TimeT2 ø Time 1.00 secZone2 G DisabledZone2G R 0.01 Ohms
T2G Type Definite TimeT2G Time 1.50 secZone3 ø DisabledT3 ø 2.00 secZone3 G DisabledZone3G R 0.01 OhmsT3 G 2.50 secZone3 Forward DirAng Pos. 75°Ang Zero 75°Z0L/Z1L 3.0Low V 60 VoltsLow Iø 0.50 ampsIM 0.50 amps3IOs 0.50 amps3IOm 0.50 ampsInst. ø DisabledInst. G DisabledOS Block NOOSOT 4000 secOS Inner 15.00 OhmsOS Outer 15.00 OhmsDir Type Zero SequenceGB Type DisabledGB Pickup 0.50 ampsGBT Curve 24GB Dir YESCIF Trip NOLL Trip NOLOP Blk NOLOI Blk NOTrip Alm Seal-inRem. Set Remote AllowedSet Time NO
NOTE: This REL 301 settings table is for 60 Hz and 5A ct systems. For 1A ct, changeZone1 Ø, Zone1G R, Zone2 Ø, Zone2 G, Zone2G R, Zone3 Ø, Zone3 G, Zone3G R,OS Inner, OS Outter by multiplying a factor of 5, and all current values mentionedin the text should be multiplied by a factor of 0.02.