igneous, sedimentary & metamorphic rocks...•mixture of minerals other organic matter 2. what...
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Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary-sandstone Metamorphic- gneiss
Igneous- diorite
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1. What is a Rock?• Naturally Occurring (not man made)
• Solid
• Mixture of minerals other organic matter
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2. What makes a rock different from a mineral?
Rock Both Mineral
Made of one or more minerals
Solid Made of one type of element
Random crystal or no crystal structure
Naturally Occurring Orderly crystal structure
←Granite=
Quartz+ Feldspar+ Muscovite
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IgneousRocks
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3. Magma & Lava form different types of igneous rock
• Igneous rock is classified by where rock forms
Intrusive vs. Extrusive
forms when magma forms when lava cools in the earth cools on earth’s surface
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Intrusive Vs. Extrusive
Diorite Granite Basalt Andesite
Pegmatite Gabbro Rhyolite Scoria
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4. Igneous Rocks: Crystal size & Cooling Time
Location of RockIntrusive (in earth) Extrusive (earth surface)
Crystal Size Large crystals Small crystals
Picture
Cooling time Longer cooling time Shorter cooling time
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Sedimentary Rock
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5. Some rocks form from rock particles
•Sediment= materials that settles out of water or air
– Materials can be:• tiny pieces of rock• broken minerals• pieces of plants and animal remains
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6. How do sedimentary rocks form?
• Sediments pile on top of each other on land or in water
• As sediments pile, they become compacted and cement together
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Sedimentation Process
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Sedimentary rock layers
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Rock layers
www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/eosc320/eosc320.htm
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7. Some rocks form from plants or shells
• Coal- created from plant remains (dead wood, bark, leaves, stems, and roots)
– The coal we use today started forming millions of year ago in swamps
• Limestone- created from the shells and skeletons ofocean organisms
http://www.geology.pitt.edu/PAgeo/coal.html
Can you see the plant remains?
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Limestone formation
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Metamorphic Rocks
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8. Metamorphic Rocks• Heat and pressure change rocks
– The original rock is called the parent rock
– The new rock formed is called the metamorphic rock
– Heat and pressure change the structure of the parent rock and their minerals recrystallize
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9. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rock = SlateParent Rock= Shale
Increase Temp. & Pressure
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Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rock = MarbleParent Rock = Limestone
Increase Temp. & Pressure
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Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rock = PhylliteParent Rock = Mica
Increase Temp. & Pressure
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10. When a rock forms does it stay that way forever?
NO!!!!!! • Rocks are always changing by processes
like:– Weathering -Melting– Erosion -Cooling– Compaction -Cementation
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11. Rock Cycle