Minerals & Rocks You must know:

Definition of a mineral & a rock 8 Physical Properties of a mineral Mohs’ Hardness Scale 3 classification of rocks and origin The Rock Cycle

Minerals & RocksMinerals

Natural occurring substance,

compound with a crystal structure

Minerals & Rocks Physical Properties

8 properties (for identification) Color Streak Hardness

Mohs’ Hardness Scale 1 – 10 1 – 7 Most commonly used

Table 17.2 p. 439 Crystal shape Cleavage Fracture Density Luster

Minerals & Rocks

Tia was a gypsy who liked to walk her cat and had a friend named Flora, who had an apatite for orthoclase and quartz.

Minerals & Rocks Mohs’ Hardness Scale

Talc 1 Gypsum 2 Calcite 3 Fluorite 4 Apatite 5 Orthoclase 6 Quartz 7 Topaz 8 Corundum 9 Diamond 10

Minerals & Rocks1. TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2

Minerals & Rocks2. GypsumCaSO4

.2H2O

Minerals & Rocks3. CalciteCaCO3

Minerals & Rocks4. FluoriteCaF2

Minerals & Rocks5. ApatiteCaF

Minerals & Rocks

6. OrthoclaseKAlSi3O8

Minerals & Rocks7. QuartzSiO2

Minerals & Rocks8. TopazAl2SiO4(F,OH)2

Minerals & Rocks

9. Corundum (Ruby)Al2O3

Minerals & Rocks10. Diamond(Hope Diamond)C

Length 25.60 mmWidth 21.78 mmDepth 12.00 mm

Minerals & Rocks

GalenaPbS

Minerals & Rocks Rocks

A collection of one or more minerals brought together into a cohesive solid.

Classification Sedimentary Igneous

Intrusive Magma

Extrusive Lava

Metamorphic

Minerals & Rocks

SedimentaryLimestone

Minerals & Rocks

SedimentarySandstone

Minerals & Rocks

IgneousGranite

Minerals & Rocks

IgneousObsidian

Minerals & Rocks

MetamorphicMarble

Minerals & Rocks

MetamorphicSlate

Minerals & Rocks Crystal structure

Course grain Fine grain

The Rock Cycle Figure 17.23

Minerals & RocksRockCycle