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c. Gas f ree t o move anyw here in the container randomly with high

velocities. Collide less often than in liquid.

-------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------

6. Changes of statea. Melting (solid l iquid)

i. Heat energy is ab sorbed by solid particles an d causes t he forces

of attracti on between particles t o weaken .

ii. Then, the pa rticles now can move ar ound ea ch other. THE

SOLID HAS MELTED .

iii. The t emperature at which t his t akes pl ace i s called Melting

Point .iv. A solid which has h igh melting p oint has st ronger f orce of

attraction between their pa rticles t han those w hich h ave l ow

melting p oints.v. Denition of Melting P oint:

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___________________________________________________________b. Evaporation (liquid gas)

i. When the liquid is hea ted, the pa rticles will move aroun d evenfaste r.

ii. Some p articles at the su rface of the l iquid have en ough energy

to overc ome t he forces of attraction between themselves an d

other p articles i n the l iquid and then they ESCAPE to form

gas.iii. The l iquid begins t o EVAPORATE as a gas i s formed.iv. Eventually, a temperature i s r eached at w hich the p articles are

trying to esc ape f rom liquid so qu ickly th at bubbles of gas start to form inside b ulk of liquid. The tem peratu re i s cal led

Boiling Point .v. Liquid with high boiling p oint have st ronger f orces bet ween

particles tha n liquid with low boiling points.vi. Denition of Boiling Point:

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IGSCE ChemistryChapter 1 The Particulate Nature of Matter

vii. Denition of Condensation:

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___________________________________________________________viii. Denition of Evaporation:

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___________________________________________________________ix.

c. An unusual change of state Sublimationi. Denition:_________________________________________________

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Example: _________________________________________________

d. Heating and cooling curve (Very Important)i. Phase 1 ( solid)

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___________________________________________________________ii. Phase 2 ( solid l iquid)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________iii. Phase 3 ( liquid)

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___________________________________________________________iv. Phase 4 ( liquid gas)

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___________________________________________________________v. Phase 5 (gas)

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7. Diffusion

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a. Denition:

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_________________________________________________________________8. Brownian Motion:

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