idea de negocio y plan de empresa de artetur, sl

7/24/2019 IDEA DE NEGOCIO Y PLAN DE EMPRESA DE ARTETUR, SL.

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DJN[LWJG GK W[UB^CA R DBIJI_J^

FUJGA KI DBIJI_J^ R NAIWJEBLBGJG

BGKJ GK IKFANBA R XLJI GK KCXUK^J GK JUWKW[U, ^L.

Wrjejoa Dbi gk Frjga prkskitjga par Cjrj Mkriigkz Ijrvkz sbkiga kl tutar gklcbsca kl pradksar Oas Bfijnba Uudbia Uus

T. E. Wutar Jlucij?

G. Oas Bfijnba Uudbia Uus Cjrj Mkriigkz Ijrvkz

^kvbllj. Ouiba gk 58:;


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FUJGA KI DBIJI_J^ R NAIWJEBLBGJG

DJN[LWJG GK W[UB^CA R DBIJI_J^WUJEJOA DBI GK FUJGA

N[U^A JNJGCBNA P58:7-58:;S

WW[LA?BGKJ GK IKFANBA R XLJI GK KCXUK^J GK JUWKW[U, ^L.

J[WAU?GJ. CJUJ MKUIIGK_ IJUTK_

W[WAU?G. OA^ BFIJNBA U[DBIA U[^

GKXJUWJCKIWA?JGCBIB^WUJNBI GK KCXUK^J^ R NACKUNBJLB_JNBI K BITK^WBFJNBI

GK CKUNJGA^ (CJU@KWBIF)

UKJ GK NAIANBCBKIWA?AUFJIB_JNBI GK KCXUK^J^

UK^[CKI?Kljearjnbi gk ui plji gk ikfanba saerk Jrtktur, uij kcprksj gk iukvj nrkjnbi.

Jrtktur, L skr uij kcprksj pkrtkiknbkitk jl skntar skrvbnbas y sk gkgbnjr jl turbscatjurbia. Lj jntbvbgjg gk lj kcprksj skr arfjibzjr vbsbtjs turstbnjs j fjijgkrjs gktaras erjvas nai kl dbi gk dackitjr lj nulturj ckgbtkrrikj ki nujita j lj tjuracjqubj,kl dljckina, lj fjstraiacj y kialafj gk lj tbkrrj. Ki kstk cagkla gk ikfanba skpraduigbzjr ki kl Xlji Kstrjtfbna0 djntarks gkl kitaria quk jdkntki j kstj kcprksjnaca pukgki skr lj narrbkitk jitbtjurbij y jibcjlbstj jntujl y las djntarks bitkriasnaca sai las rknursas y njpjnbgjgks quk tbkik. Gk tagas kstas djntarksbgkitbdbnjrkcas ljs apartuibgjgks y jckijzjs quk tbkik Jrtktur pjrj nacpktbr ki klckrnjga. Wjcebi sk nkitrjr ki las jspkntas nackrnbjlks a gk Cjr`ktbif. Jgkcsgk kstas gas rkjlbzjrkcas ki Xlji Lkfjl, kl Xlji gk Xragunnbi u Apkrjnbaiks, klXlji Arfjibzjtbva y gk Uknursas Mucjias y kl Xlji Knaicbna-dbijinbkra.

XJLJEUJ^ NLJTK?Kstrjtkfbj0 kxnlusbvbgjg0 kcprksj0 kxpkrbkinbjs.


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WDF-DBNA. Bgkj gk Ikfanba y Xlji gk Kcprksj gk Jrtktur, ^L.

-B-

IGBNK

:. NJXW[LA :? BIWUAG[NNBI ....................................................................................................................................................................>5. NJXW[LA 5? AEOKWBTA^ ....................................................................................................................................................................................;>. NJXW[LA >? GK^JUUALLA ..........................................................................................................................................................................6

>.:. Bgkj y Cagkla gk Ikfanba : .............................................................................................................................................6>.:.:. Cagkla Eusbikss Cagkl Nrkjtar :.:...................................................................................................6>.:.5. Cagkla Njivjs :.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................6

>.5.Uksucki Koknutbva 5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................2

>.>. Xlji lkfjl > ........................................................................................................................................................................................................::

>.7. Xlji Kstrjtfbna 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................................:5>.7.: Jilbsbs gkl kitaria? lj nacpktkinbj 7.: .................................................................................:5

>.7.5 Jilbsbs bitkria? rknursas y njpjnbgjgks 7.5..........................................................:;>.7.> Djntarks Nljvk gk xbta (DNK) 7.>..........................................................................................:6

>.7.7 Nrbtkrbas gk kvjlujnbi gk ljs jltkrijtbvjs kstrjtfbnjs 7.7 ........:=

>.7.; Jilbsbs GJDA 7.;................................................................................................................................................:=>.;. Jilbsbs gk Ckrnjga ; .....................................................................................................................................................................:2

>.4. Xlji gk Cjr`ktbif 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................:2>.4.: Dbojnbi gk Aeoktbvas 4.:...........................................................................................................................:2

>.4.5 Kstrjtkfbj gk Cjr`ktbif 4.5 .................................................................................................................:2

>.4.> Xrkvbsbi gk vkitjs 4.> ...............................................................................................................................55

>.6. Xlji gk Xragunnbi u Apkrjnbaiks 6 ....................................................................................................................55>.6.: Xrkstjnbi gk skrvbnbas 6.: ...................................................................................................................55

>.6.5 Fkstbi par pranksas 6.5 .........................................................................................................................5>

>.=. Xlji Arfjibzjtbva y gk Uknursas Mucjias = ........................................................................................5=>.2. Xlji Knaicbna Dbijinbkra 2 .............................................................................................................................................>8

>.2.: Xaltbnj gk bivkrsbaiks ..................................................................................................................................>:

>.2.5 Kstrjtkfbj dbijinbkrj .........................................................................................................................................>:>.2.> Xaltbnj gk pragunta ...........................................................................................................................................>:

>.2.7 Kstrjtkfbj nbrnuljitk .........................................................................................................................................>57. NJXW[LA 7? NAINL[^BAIK^ ......................................................................................................................................................................>6

;. NJXW[LA ;? EBELBAFUJDJ R VKEFUJDJ.......................................................................................................................>24. NJXW[LA 4? JIK]A^ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................7:


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WDF-DBNA. Bgkj gk Ikfanba y Xlji gk Kcprksj gk Jrtktur, ^L

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NJXW[LA :

BIWUAG[NNBI

Kl puita gk pjrtbgj gk taga pranksa gk nrkjnbi gk kcprksjs rksbgk ki tkikr uijeukij bgkj gk ikfanba.

Lj bgkj gk ikfanba gk lj kcprksj quk qukrkcas nrkjr ijnk gkl kcprkigkgar G.Okss Xrkz, qubi kidanj kstj bgkj mjnbj kl cuiga gk lj Wjuracjqubj.

Lj tjuracjqubj ks sbi gugj ui sceala gk iukstrj nulturj. Kspjj mj jvjizjgagk lj cjia gkl tara y ks jlfa quk qukgj cjrnjga ki iukstrj jrqukalafj, ktialafj,ljs jrtks, sbkiga jgkcs ui pjtrbcaiba ckgbajcebkitjl, sanbjl y fkitbna. Ijnk kiKspjj ki kl sbfla ]BB y sk prjntbnj tjcebi ki Xartufjl, ki kl sur gk Drjinbj, y kigbvkrsas pjsks gk Mbspjiajcrbnj? naca Cxbna, Nalacebj, Xkr, Tkikzuklj,Knujgar y Nastj Ubnj y ks tjcebi kspkntnula gk kxmbebnbi ki Nmbij, Dblbpbijs yKstjgas [ibgas.

Kl kcprkigkgar G. Okss Xrkz Bgkitbdbnj apartuibgjgks ki lj tjuracjqubj, ia salapar su jdbnbi y jgcbrjnbi j kstk cuiga, sbia parquk jntujlckitk sai uijs 57cbllaiks gk pkrsaijs kspjaljs y gk taga kl cuiga ljs quk jsbstki njgj ja j lascs gk :;.888 dkstkoas tjurbias quk mjy ki Kspjj (skfi rknafk ui kstugba gklgantar ki Knaiacj y pradksar gk lj [ibvkrsbgjg gk Kxtrkcjgurj Ouji Ckgbij). Ljtjuracjqubj ki trcbias ijnbaijlks ks kl jnaitknbcbkita nulturjl quk cs bifrksaspraparnbaij j lj mjnbkigj kspjalj, lj rknjugjnbi par BTJ raigj las 78 cbllaiks gkkuras, nbina vknks cs quk kl nbik kspjal y trks vknks cs quk kl tkjtra. (Gbkfa

^inmkz gk lj Nruz, 58:>)Lj tjuracjqubj binluyk taga kl gksjrralla prkvba jl kspkntnula naca tjl, gksk lj

nrj gkl tara j lj naidknnbi gk lj vkstbckitj gk las pjrtbnbpjitks, jgkcs gkl gbska ypuelbnjnbi gk njrtklks y atrjs cjibdkstjnbaiks jrtstbnjs, quk vji gk jnukrga j laspjsks y rkfbaiks gaigk lj tjuracjqubj ks pjrtk gk lj nulturj ijnbaijl.

^k gksjrrallj lj bgkj gk ikfanba quk vj j naisbstbr ki adrknkr j ljs pkrsaijs ljapartuibgjg gk naiankr kl cuiga gk lj tjuracjqubj ki praduigbgjg y gksgk subitkrbar. Xjrj ksta la vj j mjnkr j trjvs gkl turbsca tjurbia. Ckgbjitk kl turbscatjurbia, kitrk atrjs jntbvbgjgks, sk adrknk j ljs pkrsaijs lj apartuibgjg gk jsbstbr jfjijgkrjs y naiankr lj vbgj gkl tara erjva ki prbckrj pkrsaij js naca su

cjitkibcbkita y nubgjgas. Nai kstk dbi kl kcprkigkgar G. Okss Xrkz trjtj gk nrkjrJrtktur.

Jrtktur pkrtkiknbkitk jl skntar skrvbnbas, nainrktjckitk jl turstbna, sk gkgbnjr jarfjibzjr vbsbtjs turstbnjs j fjijgkrjs pkra la mjr jpartjiga ui ibvkl supkrbar gknjlbgjg j sus vbsbtjs puksta quk su prbinbpjl aeoktbva ks nrkjr cackitas bialvbgjelkski taria j lj tjuracjqubj y taga la quk lj ragkj adrknbkiga lj gkfustjnbi gk ljfjstraiacj gk lj tbkrrj, lj kialafj y uij kxpasbnbi gk dljckina, taga klla ckgbjitkuij gktjlljgj y nubgjgj arfjibzjnbi.

Jrtktur skr uij cbnrakcprksj, naca kl 2=% gk ljs kcprksjs quk mjy ki Kspjj.Ljs cbnrakcprksjs tbkiki ui valucki gk ikfanba jiujl quk ia supkrji las 5 cbllaiks

gk kuras y ui ickra gk trjejojgarks ia supkrbar j :8.

Gkspus gk gksjrralljr lj bgkj gk ikfanba prankgkrkcas j pljscjrlj ki ui plji gkkcprksj. Kl plji gk kcprksj rkdlkojr tagj lj bidarcjnbi rkljnbaijgj nai Jrtktur y ia


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Mkriigkz Ijrvkz, Cjrj

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skr ui ganuckita ksttbna sbia quk sk cjitkigr vbva jgjptigask j las njcebasgkl kitaria.

Ljs utblbgjgks prbinbpjlks gk ui plji gk ikfanba sai ljs sbfubkitks?

- Mkrrjcbkitj gk gbska y sbculjnbi- Mkrrjcbkitj gk cjr`ktbif y nacuibnjnbi- Mkrrjcbkitj gk naitral- Cknjibsca gk naargbijnbi

Kl plji gk ikfanba naitkigr las sbfubkitks puitas?- Uksucki koknutbva? dbnmj tnibnj quk gkek praparnbaijr jl lkntar uij vbsbi

flaejl gk iukstra prayknta.- Xlji lkfjl? naisbstk ki jijlbzjr y gktkrcbijr sb lj kcprksj ks vbjelk lkfjl a

ourgbnjckitk. Mjy quk tkikr ki nukitj lj lkfbsljnbi y las trjcbtksfkikrjlks (darcj ourgbnj) y trcbtks kspkndbnas (gkrbvjgas gk lj ijturjlkzjgk lj jntbvbgjg quk rkjlbzjcas).

- Xlji kstrjtfbna? mjy quk tkikr ui naianbcbkita rklkvjitk gkl kitaria ki kl

nujl pbkisji gksjrralljr su jntbvbgjg, js naca nai qu rknursas ynjpjnbgjgks naitjcas. Mjy quk rkjlbzjr ui jilbsbs kstrjtfbna quk sknacpaik gk ui jilbsbs kxtkria (nacprkigk jilbsbs gkl kitaria) y uijilbsbs bitkria (jilbsbs gk las rknursas y njpjnbgjgks gk lj kcprksj).

- Kstugba gk ckrnjga? trjtj gk gkcastrjr quk kxbstk rkjlckitk ui ckrnjgasudbnbkitk pjrj kl pragunta a skrvbnba quk qukrkcas nackrnbjlbzjr. Wjcebiias pkrcbtk mjnkr prkvbsbaiks gk ljs vkitjs la cs rkjlbstjs y dbgkgbfijspasbelk y gkcastrjr lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj-dbijinbkrj.

- Xlji gk cjr`ktbif? tagj lj pljibdbnjnbi y ljs apkrjnbaiks gkeki arbkitjrskmjnbj kl nlbkitk (gktkrcbijr y sjtbsdjnkr jl nlbkitk). Wagjs ljs jntbvbgjgks gkcjr`ktbif gkeki kstjr naargbijgjs. Kl cjr`ktbif naargbijga ks kskinbjlpjrj lafrjr las aeoktbvas. Nacuibnj gk darcj cs gbrkntj lj ijturjlkzj gk ljkcprksj y kl caga ki quk pagr jlnjizjr kl xbta.

[i plji gk cjr`ktbif ks ui prafrjcj pjrj vkigkr las ebkiks y skrvbnbasquk lj kcprksj kljearj a nackrnbjlbzj. Mjy quk gksnrbebr las sbfubkitksklkckitas? ckrnjga gk lj kcprksj, gkskas, iknksbgjgks y prkdkrkinbjs gklas nlbkitks, las aeoktbvas kcprksjrbjlks y ljs kstrjtkfbjs pjrj jlnjizjr susaeoktbvas.

- Xlji gk apkrjnbaiks/pragunnbi? mjeljcas gk plji gk pragunnbi nujiga jkcprksj jgqubkrj biputs a cjtkrbjs prbcjs y las trjisdarcki ui pragunta.

Kl aeoktbva ks gksnrbebr las ckgbas cjtkrbjlks, tnibnas y mucjiasiknksjrbas, js naca kl pranksa. Iukstra trjejoa sk vj j ejsjr ki ljfkstbi par pranksas.

- Xlji gk rknursas mucjias? ljs tjrkjs quk nacprkigk sai lj gbvbsbi gkltrjejoa y kl gbska gk cknjibscas gk naargbijnbi. Jcejs sk nainrktji kiui arfjibfrjcj, gaigk qukgji rkdlkojgas las nrbtkrbas utblbzjgas pjrjrkpjrtbr kl trjejoa y ljs rkspaisjeblbgjgks, kspknbdbnjiga qubki gkpkigk gkqubi. Lj kstrjtkfbj quk prktkigk bcpljitjr lj kcprksj gkekrj joustjrsk yskr namkrkitk nai su gbska kstrunturjl. Lj rkjlbzjnbi gkekrj trjtjr gksuesjijr ljs gkdbnbkinbjs aeskrvjgjs mjstj kl cackita y trjtjr gk kgunjrlj kstrunturj arfjibzjtbvj j ljs iukvjs kxbfkinbjs gkl kitaria.

- Xlji gk tknialafjs gk lj bidarcjnbi? tkikr ki nukitj ljs WBNs ki ljskcprksjs.

- Xlji knaicbna-dbijinbkra? ki kl sk rknafk tagj lj bidarcjnbi gksjrralljgjki las pljiks jitkrbarks nujitbdbnjgj ki uibgjgks caiktjrbjs y sk

gkcukstrj lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj y dbijinbkrj gk lj kcprksj j narta yckgba pljza. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).


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NJXW[LA 5

AEOKWBTA^

Naca yj mkcas gbnma ki lj bitragunnbi pjrtbcas nai lj bgkj gk ikfanba gklkcprkigkgar G. Okss Xrkz y nai kstj bgkj gk ikfanba gksjrralljrkcas ui plji gk

kcprksj.

Ks duigjckitjl bgkitbdbnjr lj prapukstj gk vjlar gk lj bgkj gk ikfanba, quknaisbstbr ki lj kxnlusbvbgjg. Jrtktur tkigr kxnlusbvbgjg pjrj arfjibzjr vbsbtjs j ljsfjijgkrjs quk fkstbaij, jgkcs gk quk kstjs fjijgkrjs sai gk jlta prkstbfba y gkui frji bitkrs kitrk las jdbnbaijgas, Jrtktur adrknk ki sus vbsbtjs ui ibvkl cuyklkvjga gk njlbgjg tjita ki lj arfjibzjnbi y ki las praguntas fjstraicbnas ykialfbnas quk adrknk naca ki lj kxpasbnbi gkl frupa dljckina.

Wrjs bgkitbdbnjr lj prapukstj gk vjlar quk sk vj j kitrkfjr jl nlbkitk,gksjrralljrkcas ui plji gk ikfanba ki kl nul tkigrkcas quk bgkitbdbnjr lj vbjeblbgjglkfjl, tnibnj, nackrnbjl y arfjibzjtbvj gk lj kcprksj.

- Tbjeblbgjg lkfjl? sb nucplbcas a ia las rkqubsbtas iknksjrbas pjrj gatjr j ljarfjibzjnbi gk lj darcj ourgbnj jnargk nai lj lkfjlbgjg vbfkitk.

- Tbjeblbgjg tnibnj? sb gbspaikcas gk las naianbcbkitas iknksjrbas, ytkikcas jnnksa j tagas las rknursas rkqukrbgas pjrj jeargjr las pranksasgk pragunnbi u apkrjnbaiks.

- Tbjeblbgjg nackrnbjl? sb kxbstk ui ckrnjga patkinbjl y tkikcas kstrjtkfbjsgk cjr`ktbif pjrj njptjrla.

- Tbjeblbgjg arfjibzjtbvj? sb sk mji bgkitbdbnjga ljs iknksbgjgks gk rknursasmucjias y sk mj gbskjga ui sbstkcj gk fkstbi quk pasbeblbtj kl

duinbaijcbkita kdbnjz y kdbnbkitk gk lj jntbvbgjg(Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

^b lj kcprksj vbjelk ki tagas kstas jspkntas prankgkrkcas j jijlbzjr lj vbjeblbgjgknaicbnj y dbijinbkrj.

J pksjr gk quk kljearjcas tagas las pljiks tkikcas quk rknjlnjr quk iukstratrjejoa vj j kstjr kidanjga ki kl plji kstrjtfbna y kl plji gk cjr`ktbif. Nai kl pljiKstrjtfbna mjrkcas ui jilbsbs kxtkria nai ui kstugba praduiga gkl kitaria y lasdjntarks quk jdkntji j lj kcprksj js naca lj bgkitbdbnjnbi gk ljs apartuibgjgks yjckijzjs j ljs quk sk kidrkitj Jrtktur, y jgkcs mjrkcas ui jilbsbs bitkria nai klkstugba gk las rknursas y njpjnbgjgks gk lj kcprksj. Nai kl plji gk cjr`ktbifdbojrkcas uias aeoktbvas y mjrkcas uij prkvbsbi gk ljs vkitjs j pjrtbr gk ljs nujlks

vjcas j gksjrralljr pastkrbarckitk kl plji knaicbna dbijinbkra


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NJXW[LA >

GK^JUUALLA

>.:. BGKJ R CAGKLA GK IKFANBA :

Kl cagkla gk ikfanba gksnrbek naca uij kcprksj a nacpjj utblbzj kl patkinbjlgk uij bgkj pjrj nrkjr vjlar. [ij cbscj bgkj pukgk gjr lufjr j gbdkrkitks cagklasquk nrkki vjlar.

J naitbiujnbi vjcas j utblbzjr gas sbstkcjs quk pkrcbtki rkjlbzjr ui plji gkikfanba gk cjikrj rpbgj quk ias sbrvk pjrj naiankr kl skrvbnba quk vjcas j adrknkry lj kstbcjnbi gk ekikdbnbas quk aetkigrkcas. Kstas gas sbstkcjs sai kl CagklaNjivjs (gk cjyar prkstbfba y sk utblbzj bitkrijnbaijlckitk) y kl Eusbikss CagklNrkjtar quk sk mj aetkibga gk uij bivkstbfjnbi.

>.:.:. Cagkla Eusbikss Cagkl Nrkjtar :.:

Kl prapsbta gk lj mkrrjcbkitj BGKJ-ECN (nrkjgar gk ui cagkla gk ikfanba) ksnrkjr ui Cagkla gk Ikfanba pjrj ui njsa kcprksjrbjl kspkndbna. ^k trjtj gk uijmkrrjcbkitj gk biiavjnbi pjrj frupas gk kstugbjitks, kcprkigkgarks y, ki fkikrjl,pjrj fkitk gk ikfanba.

Kl cagkla jyugjr j nacprkigkr nai nljrbgjg nca nrkjr vjlar pjrj sus nlbkitks ynca fkikrjr njsm dlaw.

BGKJ-ECN naistj gk :6 klkckitas gbvbgbgas ki ljs sbfubkitks njtkfarjs?Xragunta, Dbijizjs, Naitjnta nai kl Nlbkitk y Naidbfurjnbi.

^k nacbkizj darculjiga lj bgkj esbnj j lj quk sk gkiacbij prapukstj gk vjlarquk gkdbik kl skrvbnba pjrj kl quk sk gksjrralljr kl cagkla gk ikfanba y kl vjlar yekikdbnbas quk nlbkitks y usujrbas gkskji aetkikr.

J naitbiujnbi gbskjrkcas ui pkrdbl gk nlbkitk gksnrbebkiga su kstbla gk vbgj,iknksbgjgks, prkdkrkinbjs, mebtas gk nacprj, ktn.^kfubgjckitk prkpjrjrkcas kl cagkla gk ikfanba sklknnbaijiga uij apnbi pjrj

njgj uia gk las :6 klkckitas. ^k pukgk tjcebi mjnkr lj klknnbi jjgbkiganackitjrbas.

Wrjs mjekr nucplbckitjga tagas las klkckitas, sk pukgk fkikrjr ui bidarck kidarcjta XGD quk pukgk skr utblbzjga pjrj prkskitjr su cagkla gk ikfanba.Naisbgkrjrkcas qu klkckitas lk praparnbaiji uij vkitjoj nacpktbtbvj y ki qugkek nkitrjrsk jl rkjlbzjr su njcpjj gk cjr`ktbif . (bgkj-ecn.ku)

Ki las jikxas jgouitjrkcas iukstra cagkla BGKJ-ECN

>.:.5. Cagkla Njivjs :.5

Kl cagkla Njivjs duk nrkjga par Jlkxjigkr Astkrwjlgkr y pkrcbtk kxplbnjr uicagkla gk darcj frdbnj. ^k gbvbgk ki gas pjrtks, ui jilbsbs prkvba gkl skntar(prapukstj gk vjlar, jlbjizjs, jntbvbgjgks, rknursas nljvks y nastks) y kl jilbsbs gklnlbkitk (rkljnbi nai kl nlbkitk, skfckita gkl nlbkitk, njijl k bifrksas). J naitbiujnbipjsjcas j gksnrbebr las 2 cgulas gk las quk naistj kl cagkla?


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Dbfurj >.:. Ksqukcj gkl Cagkla NjivjsDukitk? j pjrtbr gk cjrtikzrbejgkikbrj.wargprkss.nac

Lj prapukstj gk vjlar? naisbstbr ki ljs njrjntkrstbnjs gkl skrvbnba quk adrknkcas jlas nlbkitks quk la mjnki ibna. Iukstra pragunta skr ibna parquk adrknk ljapartuibgjg j sus nlbkitks gk vbsbtjr ljs fjijgkrjs quk pagrji naisbgkrjrsk ljs csprkstbfbasjs gk Kspjj y ibifuij kcprksj gkgbnjgj j ksta pagr adrknkrla pukstaquk Jrtktur tbkik lj kxnlusbvbgjg ki kstjs fjijgkrjs.

Nlbkitks? kl ckrnjga quk jejrnj Jrtktur ks cuy jcplba. ^kri nlbkitks jsbguaspkjs tjurbijs y pkjs gkl njejlla tjita gk Kspjj naca gkl kxtrjiokra (j ckiugavbkiki gk Drjinbj y Xartufjl). Naisbgkrjcas nlbkitks tagjs ljs jfkinbjs quk gkskkirkjlbzjr vbsbtjs j las lufjrks quk fkstbaij Jrtktur, js naca kcprksjs quk sk gkgbnji

tjcebi jl turbsca tjurbia y j arfjibzjr vbsbtjs turstbnjs, quk ki kl cackita qukqubkrji jnugbr j iukstrjs fjijgkrjs tkigri quk mjnkrla j trjvs gk iasatras par ljkxnlusbvbgjg quk iukstrjs fjijgkrjs tbkiki nai Jrtktur.

Lj rkljnbi nai las nlbkitks skr ckgbjitk uij jtkinbi pkrsaijlbzjgj. ^k trjtjrgk cjitkikr ki kl tbkcpa y gk dbgklbzjr jl nlbkitk ckgbjitk lj tjroktj nlue.

Njijlks gk gbstrbeunbi? iukstra pragunta llkfjr jl nlbkitk ckgbjitk ljs rkgkssanbjlks y lj pfbij wke prbinbpjlckitk, tjcebi lj kcprksj Jrtktur bidarcjr ki sustjig gk DBW[U, y jgkcs gk ksta sk llkvjr j njea ui pranksa gk gbdusbi ckgbjitkvbgkas pracanbaijlks y rkpartjoks ki partjlks y rkvbstjs tjurbijs.

Dukitk gk bifrksas? iukstra skrvbnba sk caiktbzjr ckgbjitk gas prknbas gbdkrkitkspjrj gbsdrutjr gk ljs kxpkrbkinbjs0 par ui ljga kl prknba jsbfijga j lj kxpkrbkinbj naicjrbgjok y pastkrbar jlcukrza, y par atra ljga, ui prknba cs ejoa pjrj uijkxpkrbkinbj quk lljcjcas j ckgbj oarijgj, lj nujl ia adrknkr ui pastkrbar jlcukrza.Kl sbstkcj gk pjfa quk jnkptjrkcas skr lj trjisdkrkinbj ejinjrbj.

Jntbvbgjgks nljvk? pjrj adrknkr lj cxbcj njlbgjg j prknbas jskqubelks lj jntbvbgjgnljvk skr lj rkgunnbi gk nastks sbi binurrbr ki uij njlbgjg bidkrbar ki kl skrvbnbaprkstjga. Xjrj ksta Jrtktur tbkik uij skrbk gk tnibnjs, naianbgjs naca `iaw-maw,gktkrcbijitks ki kl xbta gk lj kcprksj.

Uknursas nljvk? Xjrj llkvjr j njea iukstrj prapukstj gk vjlar skri iknksjrbasuij skrbk gk rknursas nljvk, naca sai las rknursas bitklkntujlks0 kl naianbcbkita gkiukstra `iaw-maw quk ias pkrcbtk rkgunbr nastks sbi rkgunbr lj njlbgjg, rknursas

dbijinbkras0 lj jpartjnbi sanbjl, rknursas mucjias0 skr iknksjrbj uij pkrsaij quknaiaznj a kst darcjgj ki kl cuiga tjurbia pjrj quk kxplbquk ebki j las turbstjs laquk ksti vbkiga.


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ânbas nljvk? vjcas j naisbgkrjr pravkkgarks nljvk j las prapbktjrbas gk ljsfjijgkrjs j ljs quk Jrtktur arfjibzj vbsbtjs puksta quk ias gji lj apartuibgjg gkpagkr castrjr su fjijgkrj, kitrjr ki kllj y naiankrlj gk nkrnj.

Kstrunturj gk nastks? las nastks ki las quk binurrbr Jrtktur skr kl pjfa jlprapbktjrba gk lj fjijgkrj, las nastks ljearjlks gkl gbrkntbva, nanbikra, njcjrkras,trjejojgarks y frupa dljckina, js naca sus ^kfurbgjg ânbjl. Atra nastk quk tkigrj

quk sapartjr Jrtktur ks kl gk las praguntas fjstraicbnas y kialfbnas, kl jlcukrza ylas nastks pjrj su kljearjnbi y naisuca naca sai kl eutjia y ljvjigkrj.

>.5. UK^[CKI KOKN[WBTA 5

Kl rksucki koknutbva ks uij vkrsbi rksucbgj gkl plji gk ikfanba, gkekpraparnbaijr jl lkntar ui kitkigbcbkita flaejl gkl prayknta, mjnbkiga kspknbjl idjsbski gbvkrsas jspkntas naca sai lj gkdbibnbi gk uij skrbk gk nainkptas tjlks naca ljcbsbi y vbsbi gk lj kcprksj y par atra ljga las jspkntas cs rklkvjitks gk njgj uiagk las jpjrtjgas gkl plji gk ikfanba. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

Xrbinbpjlks puitas quk gkek naitkikr kl rksucki koknutbva?

- Lj kcprksj?

Iukstrj kcprksj sk gkiacbij Jrtktur, ks uij kcprksj gkgbnjgj j la quk sknaiank naca turbsca tjurbia. Xjrtbkiga gk lj ejsk gk quk Jrtktur kitbkigk ljWjuracjqubj naca ui sceala gk lj Nulturj Kspjalj, trjtj gk arfjibzjr vbsbtjs jgbdkrkitks fjijgkrjs gk taras erjvas nai kl dbi gk adrknkr j sus nlbkitks ljapartuibgjg gk naiankr kl cuiga gkl tara ki praduigbgjg gksgk gbdkrkitkspkrspkntbvjs y sbkcprk gk lj cjia gkl dljckina, lj fjstraiacj y lj kialafj gk ljtbkrrj.

- Darcj ourgbnj?

Lj darcj ourgbnj quk jgaptj iukstrj kcprksj vj j skr ânbkgjg gkUkspaisjeblbgjg Lbcbtjgj par ljs njrjntkrstbnjs quk tbkik lj cbscj.

- Jitknkgkitks?

Lj jntbvbgjg gk kstj kcprksj kstjej fkstbaijgj par ui jutiaca, Okss XrkzXrkz, qubi trjtj gk naistbtubr Jrtktur naca ânbkgjg gk Ukspaisjeblbgjg Lbcbtjgj. Klpracatar Okss Xrkz tbkik ljs nujlbgjgks iknksjrbjs pjrj gkskcpkjr kstjjntbvbgjg, gkebga j quk su frji jdbnbi j las taras lk llkvj j kstjr ki naitbiuajprkigbzjok saerk kstk cuiga, y js tkikr njpjnbgjg y kitusbjsca pjrj trjiscbtbr sujdbnbi j lj tjuracjqubj y pagkr njptjr iukvas nlbkitks.

- Cbsbi gk lj kcprksj?

Kl prapsbta kskinbjl gk kstj kcprksj naisbstk ki gjr j naiankr lj Wjuracjqubjkitkigbgj naca ui sceala gk lj Nulturj Kspjalj y la mjnk gk lj cjia gkl dljckina,lj fjstraiacj y lj kialafj gk lj tbkrrj. Lj kskinbj gk lj Wjuracjqubj rksbgk ki klnjcpa ki kl nubgjga gkl tara erjva, ki lj sklknnbi gk ljs rksks ki tkitjgkras, ki klkitrkijcbkita gk tarkras y rkoaikjgarks y ks jm gaigk trjtj gk jnkrnjrias Jrtktur.

- Tbsbi gk lj kcprksj?

Kstj kcprksj, jgkcs gk skfubr nai lj fkstbi quk yj vkij rkjlbzjiga OkssXrkz naca jutiaca, gk arfjibzjr vbsbtjs j gbdkrkitks njsjs fjijgkrjs, tbkik nacaiukva prayknta lj fkstbi gk ljs vbsbtjs j lj dbinj gkl rkoaikjgar Lkaijrga Mkriigkzkitrk atrjs.


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- Kl skntar gk jntbvbgjg?

Iukstrj kcprksj skr ijnbaijl y pkrtkiknkr jl skntar turstbna. Kl ckrnjga qukjejstknkcas jejrnjr gksgk frupas arfjibzjgas gk kxtrjiokras, pkrsaijs naibiqubktug par naiankr kstk cuiga, jdbnbaijgas, mjstj pkjs tjurbijs gk lanjlbgjgkskspjaljs drjinksjs y partufuksjs.

- Lj nacpktkinbj?

Lj nacpktkinbj j lj quk tkikcas quk kidrkitjrias ks cuy jcplbj. Xagkcas vkrlj nacpktkinbj naisbgkrjiga quk kl skrvbnba quk prkstj Jrtktur ks gk turbsca gk anba ymjy cunmas tbpas gk turbsca naca pukgk skr kl nbikftbna kitrk atras, kl ckrnjgatkigr quk klkfbr kitrk atras tbpas gk turbsca a kl tjurbia. Atrj vbsbi gk ljnacpktkinbj ks lj quk naisbgkrjcas cs gbrkntj y ks lj quk tkikcas ki njsjsfjijgkrjs quk rkjlbzji kstk tbpa gk vbsbtjs turstbnjs. Kxbstk cunmj bitkisbgjgnacpktbtbvj, pkra trjtjcas gk gbdkrkinbjrias jpartjiga j iukstrjs Kxpkrbkinbjs uiibvkl cjyar gk njlbgjg.

- Ckrnjga aeoktbva?

Kl ckrnjga jl quk vj gbrbfbga lj kcprksj ks ui ckrnjga cjsbva, juiquk kl pkrdbl

gkl nlbkitk bitkrksjga suklk rkpktbrsk y naisbstk ki nlbkitks quk tbkiki jdbnbi par ljtjuracjqubj k bitkrs par naiankr lj nulturj kspjalj. Cuy j ckiuga suklk gjrsk klnjsa gk quk skji pkjs tjurbijs ljs bitkrksjgjs ki iukstrj kcprksj y tjcebikcprksjs quk arfjibzji kstjs vbsbtjs turstbnjs pkra qubkrki mjnkrla j ljs fjijgkrjsquk llkvj Jrtktur, la kxplbnjrkcas ki kl Xlji Kstrjtfbna.

- Xlji gk cjr`ktbif y vkitjs?

Kl skrvbnba quk vj j prkstjr Jrtktur naisbstk ki lj fkstbi gk lj arfjibzjnbi gkvbsbtjs ki frupas j gbdkrkitks fjijgkrjs naca sai? lj fjijgkrj gk Jgalda Cjrti, ljgk Xjrtbga gk Uksbij, Mkrcjias Xrkz Tbllkij y j lj nujgrj gkl rkoaikjgar LkaijrgaMkriigkz. Kstjs vbsbtjs sk pagri kidanjr nai gbdkrkitks dbiks? gksgk ckgba gkbinkitbva pjrj kcprksjs, naca naifrksas, mjstj kidanjga j ibas a j pkrsaijs gk lj

tkrnkrj kgjg.

Iukstra ckrnjga-cktj la trjtjrkcas gk njptjr ckgbjitk pranksas gk gbdusbi kilas quk sk mjri rkpartjoks gk ljs fjijgkrjs y gk lj dbinj gkl rkoaikjgar y skpuelbnjri ki rkvbstjs y ki partjlks tjurbias. Wjcebi ckgbjitk vbgkas pracanbaijlksnai la quk naerjr ui pjpkl cuy bcpartjitk lj pfbij wke y ljs rkgks sanbjlks par ljsquk sk gbduigbri kstas vbgkas.

- Xlji gk apkrjnbaiks/pragunnbi?

Iukstra ikfanba sk vj j lanjlbzjr ki Narbj, ki lj pravbinbj gk Nnkrks, gksgkgigk sk rkjlbzjri ljs fkstbaiks apartuijs. Naca rknursas bitjifbelksbcprksnbigbelk tkikcas kl nanmk gkl gbrkntbva, iknksjrba pjrj su trjsljga j ljs

fjijgkrjs y naca rknursas bitjifbelks su naianbcbkita y `iaw maw sbi kl nujlJrtktur ia sk gbdkrkinbjrj gk lj nacpktkinbj. Wjcebi ks iknksjrba kl naianbcbkita amjeblbgjgks tjita gk las nanbikras naitrjtjgas, naca trjejojgarks, kl njitjar y klfubtjrrbstj qubkiks mjnki su trjejoa nai kl dbi gk quk las turbstjs vbvji uij kxpkrbkinbjibnj.

- Uknursas mucjias?

Kl pkrsaijl quk rkqubkrk lj kcprksj ia ks tjita kl ickra naca lj nujlbdbnjnbipradksbaijl, puksta quk kl pjpkl gk Okss Xrkz ks duigjckitjl gkebga j sunaianbcbkita saerk kl cuiga tjurbia y su njpjnbgjg gk trjiscbtbrla j njgj vbsbtj.^kri iknksjrbas pjrj njgj vbsbtj ui kqubpa darcjga par ui nanbikra y gas njcjrkrasquk sk kinjrfjri gk prkpjrjr skrvbr y rknafkr kl cjrbgjok y kl jlcukrza, tjcebi

skri iknksjrbas ki njgj fjijgkrj gas trjejojgarks quk gkpkigkri gk ljfjijgkrj ki lj quk sk rkjlbnk lj vbsbtj y kstjri j gbspasbnbi gk Jrtktur pjrjnaljearjr nai lj prkstjnbi gkl skrvbnba, y par ltbca sk vj j gbspaikr gk ui frupa gkdljckina quk jcebkitk ljs vbsbtjs nacpuksta par ui fubtjrrbstj y ui njitjar.


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- Xlji knaicbna dbijinbkra?

Kstk ikfanba trjs mjekr rkjlbzjga kl plji knaicbna dbijinbkra vkcas quk tbkikjutadbijinbjnbi sudbnbkitk. Nai ljs vkitjs quk prkv rkjlbzjr nuerk tjita las fjstas gkpkrsaijl naca las gk puelbnbgjg y pjfas j fjijgkrjs.

>.>. KL XLJI LKFJL >

Las pracatarks gk Jrtktur mji tkibga quk gktkrcbijr qu darcj ourgbnj naisbgkrjiquk sk jgknuj ckoar j uij kcprksj gk kstk tbpa, tkibkiga ki nukitj susnjrjntkrstbnjs y ljs cktjs quk sk prktkigki jlnjizjr.

Naisbgkrji gatjr j Jrtktur naca uij sanbkgjg nai pkrsaijlbgjg ourgbnj prapbjbigkpkigbkitk gk sus sanbas, gk darcj quk lj rkspaisjeblbgjg gk las jnnbaibstjs sk vjj lbcbtjr j lj jpartjnbi quk kstas rkjlbnki.

Ki nujita j ljs njrjntkrstbnjs gk Jrtktur lj pkrsaijlbgjg ourgbnj quk cs sk lkjgknuj vj j skr lj gk ânbkgjg gk Ukspaisjeblbgjg Lbcbtjgj quk ks uij sanbkgjg gknjpbtjl nai pkrsaijlbgjg ourgbnj prapbj y njrntkr ckrnjitbl pjrj lj quk sk kxbfk uinjpbtjl cibca gk >.888 (tatjlckitk susnrbta y gkskcealsjga), kl nujl ks gbvbgbga ki

pjrtbnbpjnbaiks bfujlks, jnuculjelks k bigbvbsbelks. Lj vkitjoj prbinbpjl quk prkskitjkstj darcj ourgbnj ks quk ia kxbstk ibifi cxbca ib cibca gk sanbas. Kl njpbtjlcibca kxbfbga ia ks cuy klkvjga0 lj rkspaisjeblbgjg sk lbcbtj jl njpbtjl jpartjga, ytrbeutj ckgbjitk kl Bcpuksta gk ânbkgjgks ki ui 5;% la nujl ks ekikdbnbasa pjrjdjnturjnbaiks klkvjgjs.

Las trcbtks fkikrjlks pjrj su naistbtunbi sai?- Ukfbstra Fkikrjl gk ânbkgjgksa Nkrtbdbnjnbi ikfjtbvj gkl iacerk

- Iatjrbaa Ksnrbturj pelbnj

- Mjnbkigja Ngbfa gk Bgkitbdbnjnbi Dbsnjla Bcpuksta gk trjiscbsbaiks Xjtrbcaibjlks y Jntas Ourgbnas

Ganuckitjgasa Bcpukstas gk Jntbvbgjgks Knaicbnjsa Gknljrjnbi nkisjl

- Ukfbstra Ckrnjitbla Bisnrbpnbi gk lj kcprksj(Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

>.7. XLJI K^WUJWFBNA 7

Kstugba praduiga gkl kitaria ki kl quk gksjrralljcas lj jntbvbgjg gk Jrtktur, jsnaca nai qu rknursas y njpjnbgjgks nukitj pjrj saerkvbvbr y tkikr xbta ki kl skntarturstbna. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

>.7.: Jilbsbs gkl kitaria? lj nacpktkinbj 7.:

Nljsbdbnjrkcas kl kitaria ki gas ibvklks? cjnrakitaria (XK^W) y cbnrakitaria(jilbsbs gkl skntar, cagkla gk Xartkr).

J. Cjnrakitaria

Kl cjnrakitaria a kitaria fkikrjl nacprkigk tagjs jquklljs bidlukinbjs gkijturjlkzj paltbnj, knaicbnj, sanbjl y tknialfbnj (XK^W) quk jdkntji par bfujl j


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tagas las skntarks y j tagjs ljs kcprksjs quk gksjrrallki su jntbvbgjg gkitra gk laquk lljcjcas turbsca tjurbia.

Kl jilbsbs quk sk gkiacbij XK^W trjtj gk bgkitbdbnjr tagas las djntarks gkl kitariafkikrjl quk pagrji supaikr uij jckijzj u apartuibgjg pjrj iukstrj kcprksj. Lasdjntarks sk nljsbdbnjri ki nujtra elaquks?

Xaltbna-lkfjlks? lj tjuracjqubj ks ui tkcj cuy trjtjga ki lj

paltbnj, pagkcas vkr pjrtbgas paltbnas quk sk gknljrji jitbtjurbias,naca kl XJNCJ (Xjrtbga Jibcjlbstj Naitrj kl Cjltrjta Jibcjl), yatras quk sk gknljrji j djvar, naca kl XX (Xjrtbga Xapuljr). Ki klja 58:8 sjlb lj lky ki Njtjluj gk prambebr ljs narrbgjs gk taras yki 58:> gknbgk kl faebkria, nai prksbi papuljr, llkvjr jl naifrksalj BLX tjurbij (Bibnbjtbvj Lkfbsljtbvj Xapuljr), nai cs gk ;88.888dbrcjs sk elbigj lj tjuracjqubj gknljrigask Xjtrbcaiba Nulturjl gkKspjj. Nai ksta pagkcas vkr quk lj jnkptjnbi y kl rknmjza gkkstk cuiga kst bidlubga prbinbpjlckitk par lj paltbnj.Knaicbnas? jntujlckitk naca djntar knaicbna cs bidluykitkgkstjnjcas lj nrbsbs knaicbnj quk sudrk Kspjj, nai uiasklkvjgas igbnks gk pjra y ckiarks bifrksas, puksta quk kl skrvbnbaquk adrknkcas sk vk jdkntjga par lj rkitj gkl naisucbgar, jlgbscbiubr lj rkitj gbscbiuyk lj gkcjigj gk kstk tbpa gk skrvbnbas.Naca apartuibgjg pagkcas naisbgkrjr ljs jyugjs gbrbfbgjs jdbijinbjr praykntas kcprksjrbjlks kidanjgas j dackitjr lj nulturj.^anbanulturjlks? kl djntar sanbanulturjl bidluyk cunma ki kstk tbpagk kcprksjs, puksta quk vbvbcas ki uij sanbkgjg cuyskisbeblbzjgj nai las jibcjlks, y kstk tbpa gk jntbvbgjgks sk ejsjiki adrknkr lj apartuibgjg gk naiankr ki prbckrj pkrsaij lj vbgj gkjibcjlks naca kl tara erjva y kl njejlla. Ia gkojcas jtrs kl

rknmjza quk mjy ki lj sanbkgjg par lj tjuracjqubj, par ksk cbscacatbva, la quk j prbckrj vbstj pagrj bidlubr ikfjtbvjckitk. Gknbcasj prbckrj vbstj, parquk lj jntbvbgjg gk kstk tbpa gk kcprksjs skpagrj naisbgkrjr ui ikfanba jltkrijtbva gk turbsca pjrj ljpkrsbstkinbj gk lj gkmksj (turbsca ckgbajcebkitjl), jlfa ki la quklj prksbgkitj gkl XJNCJ gknljrj kstjr j djvar, ksta pagrj skr uijapartuibgjg ki lufjr gk uij jckijzj ki nujita j las jitbtjurbias.

Kl skntar gk lj paeljnbi quk sk sbkitk bgkitbdbnjga nai lj nulturjtjurbij, kl dljckina k bitkrksjga ki lj fjstraiacj gk lj tbkrrj skskitbr jtrjga par iukstrj jntbvbgjg. Xar ltbca gknbr quk jl bfujl

quk mjy frupas y arfjibzjnbaiks ki naitrj gk taga la rkdkrkitk j ljtjuracjqubj, mjy jsanbjnbaiks tjurbijs, pkjs, dkgkrjnbaiks qukdackitji kl cuiga gkl tara.Wknialfbnas? bidlukinbjs gk tbpa tknialfbnjs quk pukgji supaikruij jckijzj u apartuibgjg pjrj kcprksjs gk kstk tbpa iakinaitrjrjcas ibifuij.

Naca rkdlkxbi saerk kstk jilbsbs XK^W gkstjnjcas gas djntarks0 kl paltbna y klsanbanulturjl. Kstas gas djntarks pagrji kstjr rkljnbaijgas puksta quk kl cavbcbkitasanbjl jibcjlbstj ks llkvjga j lj paltbnj nai lj jpjrbnbi gkl pjrtbga paltbna XJNCJ.

Kstk lljcjga turbsca tjurbia ijnk gk lj jgcbrjnbi par lj tjuracjqubj y par la tjitask kinukitrj bickrsa ki lj gbsputj gk tjurbias y jitbtjurbias, qubkiks naisbgkrji quklas taras sai jrtk y nulturj y qubkiks vki ki ljs narrbgjs cjltrjta jibcjl. Ki lj paltbnj


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rknafkcas quk las taras sai gknljrjgas ki kl ja 58:> Ebki gk Bitkrs Nulturjl, laquk naisbgkrjcas uij apartuibgjg, k bgkitbdbnjcas uij jckijzj ki pjrtbgas paltbnasquk sk gknljrji jitbtjurbias naca kl XJNCJ. Kstj jckijzj pagrjcas bgkitbdbnjrljnaca apartuibgjg ki kl cackita ki kl quk lj prksbgkitj gkl XJNCJ gknljrj kstjr jdjvar gkl turbsca ckgbajcebkitjl y gk ikfanbas jltkrijtbvas pjrj kl cjitkibcbkita gkljs gkmksjs, trjs kl gkejtk gk quk klbcbijiga ljs narrbgjs gk taras, lj nrj gkl tara

erjva ki ljs gkmksjs ia tkigrj sustkita knaicbna. Wjcebi ks bcpartjitk kl djntarknaicbna par lj nrbsbs Kspjalj, puksta quk bidluyk cunma ki lj gkcjigj gk kstktbpa gk skrvbnbas.

E. Cbnrakitaria? kl jilbsbs skntarbjlKl cbnrakitaria a kitaria kspkndbna mjnk rkdkrkinbj jl naiouita gk kcprksjs quk

prkstji ui skrvbnba sbcbljr jl quk prkstjcas ki Jrtktur. Dkickias naca ljflaejlbzjnbi a lj gbvkrsbdbnjnbi mjnki quk njgj vkz rksultk cs gbdnbl lj gklbcbtjnbigkl skntar par la tjita kl cbnrakitaria jijlbzj ljs dukrzjs nacpktbtbvjs quk gk darcjgbrkntj naigbnbaiji las rksultjgas gk iukstrj kcprksj. Xar la tjita pjrj bgkitbdbnjr ljs

dukrzjs nacpktbtbvjs pjrtbcas gk quk iukstras nacpktbgarks skri kcprksjs, frupas,pkrsaijs a bistbtunbaiks quk gk uij darcj u atrj pukgji rkstrbifbr kl ekikdbnba qukaetbkik Jrtktur.

La kskinbjl ki kl jilbsbs skntarbjl rksbgk ki quk ia sk ksnjpk ibifi nacpktbgarquk pukgj ckrcjr iukstras ekikdbnbas.

Xjrj jijlbzjr kl cbnrakitaria utblbzjcas kl cagkla gk Xartkr, kl nujl naisbgkrj qukkxbstki duigjckitjlckitk nbina dukrzjs nacpktbtbvjs quk gktkrcbiji lj rkitjeblbgjg jljrfa pljza gkl ckrnjga.

Jitks gk gkdbibr ljs nbina dukrzjs nacpktbtbvjs gk Xartkr, njek gkstjnjr quk ljkstrjtkfbj quk sbfuk Jrtktur pjrj gbdkrkinbjrsk gk su nacpktkinbj naisbstk ki quk

iukstrj kcprksj tbkik lj kxnlusbvbgjg ki ljs njsjs fjijgkrjs quk llkvj pjrj arfjibzjrljs vbsbtjs, ks gknbr, quk sb kl ckrnjga nrknk y mjy cunmj fkitk nai bitkrs par kstktbpa gk jntbvbgjgks, ki kl cackita quk qubkrj vbsbtjr uij gk ljs fjijgkrjs quk llkvj

Jrtktur tkigr quk mjnkrla j trjvs gk iukstrj kcprksj, puksta quk ljs fjijgkrjstbkiki lj kxnlusbvbgjg nai Jrtktur. Gk jm quk mjyj kcprksjs quk sk gkgbquki jarfjibzjr vbsbtjs turstbnjs j fjijgkrjs y ki nbkrta caga, ia sk naisbgkrjrjinacpktkinbj, puksta quk ki kl cackita quk kl ckrnjga gkcjigk vbsbtjr par kokcplalj njsj gkl rkoaikjgar Lkaijrga Mkriigkz, tkigrj quk mjnkrla ckgbjiga nai Jrtktury kstj kcprksj quk pagrjcas naisbgkrjr nacpktkinbj pjsjrj j skr ui nlbkitk pjrjiasatras.

Jckijzj gk kitrjgj gk iukvas nacpktbgarks? nacpktbgarkspatkinbjlks

Naca nacpktbgarks patkinbjlks skjljcas kcprksjs quktagjvj ia gksjrrallji su jntbvbgjg gkitra gkl skntar pkra quk kinujlqubkr cackita pagrji kitrjr0 skri tagjs jquklljs fjijgkrjsa lufjrks kidanjgas jl cuiga gkl tara quk ia adrknki lj pasbeblbgjggk quk skji vbsbtjgas. Wjcebi skri nacpktbgarks patkinbjlksjquklljs kcprksjs quk pukgji surfbr nai lj cbscj jntbvbgjg quk

Jrtktur, tkibkiga ki nukitj iukstrj kxnlusbvbgjg naca jnjejcas gkkxplbnjr.

Jckijzj gk bifrksa gk skrvbnbas sustbtutas? skrvbnbassustbtutas

[i skrvbnba sustbtuta ks jqukl quk nucplk lj cbscj duinbi sbitkikr kxjntjckitk ljs cbscjs njrjntkrstbnjs. Ejsigaias ki quk


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kl skrvbnba quk prkstj Jrtktur naisbstk ki ui skrvbnba gk turbscatjurbia, pagkcas kinaitrjr skrvbnbas sustbtutbvas par kokcpla ki klturbsca nbikftbna (adrknk lj apartuibgjg j njzjgarks gk taga klcuiga gk gbsdrutjr gk kstj jntbvbgjg), turbsca nulturjl, turbsca kipjrquks ijturjlks, ktn. Js naca taga tbpa gk jntbvbgjgks gk anbarkljnbaijgjs a ia nai lj tjuracjqubj.

Lj rbvjlbgjg gbrkntj kitrk las nacpktbgarks? nacpktbgarksjntujlks

Las nacpktbgarks jntujlks skri tagjs ljs kcprksjs qukadrkznji kl cbsca skrvbnba quk Jrtktur, naca pukgk skr lj kcprksjWurb Waras, nai lj pjrtbnuljrbgjg quk Jrtktur kidanj su kstrjtkfbj kilj kxnlusbvbgjg naca yj mkcas kxplbnjga. Wjcebi skrjinacpktkinbj ljs gbdkrkitks njsjs fjijgkrjs quk rkjlbzji kstk tbpagk jntbvbgjg par lberk sbi naitjr nai kcprksjs naca Jrtktur pkraquk vji gbrbfbgjs j las cbscas nlbkitks patkinbjlks y quk, par tjita,vji j gktkrcbijr kl frjga gk rbvjlbgjg bitkrij aeskrvjelk ki kl

skntar. Las djntarks quk vji j gktkrcbijr kl frjga gk rbvjlbgjgbitkrij vji j skr?

- Kl frjga gk nainkitrjnbi gkl skntar? kl ckrnjga ki klquk sk kinukitrj Jrtktur ks ui ckrnjga kckrfkitk ki klquk las nacpktbgarks gbrkntas, naca pukgki skr ljs njsjsfjijgkrjs a dbinjs vbinuljgjs nai kstk cuiga, quk skgkgbquki j arfjibzjr vbsbtjs turstbnjs, njgj vkz sai cs.

- Lj gbvkrsbgjg gk las nacpktbgarks?mjy cunmj gbvkrsbgjggk nacpktbgarks, gksgk kcprksjs quk sk gkgbnji j prkstjrkl cbsca skrvbnba quk Jrtktur, mjstj fjijgkrjs y dbinjs

gigk sk nrji rksks erjvjs, quk arfjibzji par lberk kstktbpa gk vbsbtjs turstbnjs.

- Lj gbdkrkinbjnbi gkl skrvbnba? ki qu ckgbgj kl skrvbnbaquk prkstj Jrtktur prkskitj jtrbeutas ibnas par las nujlkslas nlbkitks fkikrji uij nbkrtj dbgklbgjg mjnbj las cbscas.Ki nujita j las jtrbeutas ibnas quk prkskitj Jrtkturskjljcas lj klkvjgj njlbgjg ki ljs vbsbtjs quk arfjibzj kinujita j lj jibcjnbi nai kl dljckina, naca j las praguntasfjstraicbnas y kialfbnas quk adrknk. Naca mkcas gbnmaks ui ckrnjga kckrfkitk pkra Jrtktur sk gbdkrkinbj ki quk

tbkik kxnlusbvbgjg nai ljs fjijgkrjs cs prkstbfbasjs gk ljpkiisulj, y nujlqubkr jdbnbaijga quk qubkrj vbsbtjr nujlqubkrfjijgkrj quk llkvjcas tkigr quk mjnkrla j trjvs gk

Jrtktur.- Kl kxnksa gk njpjnbgjg y ljs ejrrkrjs gk sjlbgj gkl

skntar?kl skrvbnba quk prkstjcas ia prkskitj ui kxnksa gknjpjnbgjg ib uijs frjigks ejrrkrjs gk sjlbgj, puksta quk ljprgbgj ki lj quk binurrbrjcas sb ia qubsbrjcas sjlbr gklskntar ia skrj cs gk lj bivkrsbi bibnbjl.

- Ljs naigbnbaiks gk nastk? knaiacjs gk ksnjlj yrkljnbi kitrk nastks dboas y nastks vjrbjelks? ljkstrunturj y ijturjlkzj gk las nastks gk las nacpktbgarkstjcebi tkigri uij dukrtk rkpkrnusbi ki lj bitkisbgjg


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nacpktbtbvj gkl skntar. Jrtktur ia tkigr uias nastks dboasgkcjsbjga klkvjgas pjrj vkrsk ki lj aelbfjnbi gk gbscbiubrlas prknbas ki tkcparjgjs ejojs. Las nastks cssbfibdbnjtbvas ki las quk binurrbr Jrtktur skri las nastksvjrbjelks ki kl cackita gk arfjibzjr ljs vbsbtjs.

Xagkr gk ikfanbjnbi gk las nacprjgarks? nlbkitks

Jijlbzjr j las nlbkitks patkinbjlks quk pagrj tkikr lj kcprksj ynacprkigkr ki qu ckgbgj y nai qu bitkisbgjg pagrji gbnmasnlbkitks kokrnkr su pagkr gk ikfanbjnbi0 bgkitbdbnjcas nlbkitkspatkinbjlks ki pkjs tjurbijs, jsanbjnbaiks gk kstk tbpa, ykcprksjs quk arfjibzji vbsbtjs turstbnjs, naca jfkinbjs ytaurapkrjgarks, y qubkrji jnugbr j iukstrjs fjijgkrjs, las nujlkstkigrji quk mjnkrla j trjvs gk iasatras. Ia tkigri jpkijs pagkrgk ikfanbjnbi j lj marj gk dbojr las prknbas, puksta quk kstaskstjri dbrckckitk prkdbojgas.

Lj bitkisbgjg gkl pagkr gk ikfanbjnbi vj j gkpkigkr

duigjckitjlckitk gk gas njrjntkrstbnjs kstrunturjlks?- ^kisbeblbgjg gk las nacprjgarks jl prknba? las

nacprjgarks skri ejstjitk skisbelks j ljs vjrbjnbaiks gklas prknbas y cs ki lj sbtujnbi gk nrbsbs ki lj quk iaskinaitrjcas.

- Xagkr rkljtbva gk ikfanbjnbi?las nlbkitks jpkijs tkigripagkr gk ikfanbjnbi.

Xagkr gk ikfanbjnbi gk las pravkkgarks? pravkkgarksNaisbgkrjcas quk las pravkkgarks tbkiki ui jlta pagkr gk

ikfanbjnbi puksta quk nuita cs prkstbfbasj skj lj fjijgkrj j

lj quk qukrjcas arfjibzjr vbsbtjs cs nastk supaigr pjrj ljkcprksj, pjrj ksa sk rkjlbzji las naitrjtas nai ljs gbdkrkitksfjijgkrjs dbojiga ui prknba.

- ^kisbeblbgjg gk lj kcprksj ki nujita jl prknba? pagkcasnaisbgkrjr quk lj skisbeblbgjg gk Jrtktur ki nujita jl prknbabr ki praparnbi nai la prkstbfbasj quk skj lj fjijgkrj. Lacbsca anurrk nai las praguntas fjstraicbnas quk prktkigkadrknkr, kl skrvbnba gk njtkrbif, ktn.

- Xagkr rkljtbva gk ikfanbjnbi gk lj kcprksj? kl pagkrquk tbkik Jrtktur pjrj ikfanbjr kl prknba gk sus pravkkgarks

skr cuy ejoa.Bgkitbdbnjcas naca apartuibgjg quk kstjcas ki ui skntar kckrfkitk y iukstrj

gbdkrkinbjnbi gk lj nacpktkinbj ki nujita j lj njlbgjg ki kl skrvbnba quk adrknkcas.Naca jckijzj skjljcas lj nacpktkinbj quk tkikcas ki ljs fjijgkrjs qukarfjibzji par lberk jntbvbgjgks sbcbljrks j ljs adrknbgjs par Jrtktur.

>.7.5 Jilbsbs bitkria? rknursas y njpjnbgjgks 7.5Ki kstk jpjrtjga vjcas j jijlbzjr kl kidaquk gk las rknursas y njpjnbgjgks naca

vj pjrj darculjr lj kstrjtkfbj gk lj kcprksj.j. Jilbsbs gk las rknursas gk lj kcprksj

Las rknursas gk las quk gbspaik lj kcprksj skri las jntbvas iknksjrbas pjrj

llkvjr j njea lj kstrjtkfbj nacpktbtbvj. Las rknursas pagrkcas nljrbdbnjrlas kitjifbelks, bitjifbelks y mucjias. (Njsjiukvj y Fjllkfa, 58:5).Uknursas tjifbelks?


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Las rknursas tjifbelks sk pagri gbvbgbr ki gas frjigks frupas,las rknursas dsbnas y las dbijinbkras. Las rknursas dsbnas? lasrknursas dsbnas nai las quk nukitj Jrtktur skri las jntbvascjtkrbjlks quk tbkik lj kcprksj quk jpjrknki vjlarjgas kiejljink. Xuksta quk kl skrvbnba quk prkstjcas naisbstk kifkstbaijr, kstas rknursas dsbnas skri lj adbnbij nai lj quk

naitjcas pjrj fkstbaijr las trcbtks js naca su caeblbjrba.Las rknursas dbijinbkras? skri las daigas nai las quk nukitj lj

kcprksj pjrj llkvjr j njea su jntbvbgjg, naca ks lj bivkrsbi bibnbjly las ekikdbnbas quk fkikrk lj prkstjnbi gkl skrvbnba.Uknursas bitjifbelks?

Las rknursas bitjifbelks nai las quk nukitj lj kcprksj skpagri gbvbgbr tjcebi ki gas frupas, las tknialfbnas y lasarfjibzjtbvas. Uknursas tknialfbnas? sai jqukllas naianbcbkitas ytknialafjs quk usj lj kcprksj, ia rksjltjcas tjita lj tknialafjnaca naianbcbkitas puksta quk gkstjnjrkcas kl @iaw-maw

gksjrralljga par lj kcprksj. Uknursas arfjibzjtbvas? skri tjita ljcjrnj gk Jrtktur, su rkputjnbi, naca ljs rkgks sanbjlks y lj pfbijwke.Uknursas mucjias? skri las jntbvas bitklkntujlks y mjeblbgjgksbitjifbelks gk ljs pkrsaijs. Kl vjlar gk lj kcprksj vj j gkrbvjrjmarj gkl `iaw-maw, gk las naianbcbkitas gkl pkrsaijl pjrj rkjlbzjrljs tjrkjs y gk ljs njpjnbgjgks pjrj jcplbjr gbnmas naianbcbkitas ymjeblbgjgks j trjvs gkl jprkigbzjok. Ki iukstrj kcprksj Jrtkturnaitjcas naca jntbvas bitklkntujlks nai kl naianbcbkita saerk klskntar gk Okss Xrkz, js naca gk taga la quk ragkj jl cuiga gkl

tara. Naca yj mkcas gbnma kl pkrsaijl gk Jrtktur gbspaik gk ui`iaw-maw njrjntkrstbna pjrj rkgunbr nastks sbi binurrbr ki ckiarnjlbgjg. Kl kqubpa naisbstbr ki gas njcjrkras, uij nanbikrj, gasfrupas gk dljckina y ui cjyarjl ki njgj dbinj quk sk vbsbtk j plkijgbspasbnbi.

e. Jilbsbs gk ljs njpjnbgjgks arfjibzjtbvjs.La quk sk naiank naca njpjnbgjgks a nacpktkinbjs ks quk las frupas gk

rknursas gk lj kcprksj trjejoki ouitas ki lj arfjibzjnbi. Ki nujita j lj kcprksjJrtktur, nukitj nai eukij lanjlbzjnbi, ui arfjibzjgar gk lj jntbvbgjg mebl pjrjgkskcpkjr su trjejoa y nai eukij rkputjnbi y ki nujita jl skrvbnba gk njtkrbif gk

fjstraiacj y kialafj gk lj tbkrrj quk adrknk ki sus vbsbtjs tjcebi vj eusnjigasbkcprk adrknkr euki skrvbnba y njlbgjg.Ki nujita j bgkitbdbnjr njpjnbgjgks gk uij kcprksj sk suklk utblbzjr kl cagkla gk

njgkij gk vjlar gk Xartkr?


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Dbfurj >.5. Njgkij gk vjlar gk Cbnmjkl XartkrDukitk? Nrkjnbi gk kcprksjs pjrj kcprkigkgarks (Bfijnba Njstra y Oas Bfijnba

Uudbia)Ljs jntbvbgjgks sk kinukitrji kinjgkijgjs. Lj vkitjoj nacpktbtbvj gk Jrtktur

prankgk ia sala gk lj kxplatjnbi gk ljs jntbvbgjgks bigbvbgujlks sbia tjcebi gk lasksljeaiks quk nacpaiki ljs jntbvbgjgks gk kxplatjnbi, taga uibga naidarcj ljsnjpjnbgjgks.

>.7.> Djntarks nljvk gk xbta 7.>Kl jilbsbs gkl cjnrakitaria y gkl cbnrakitaria pkrcbtk gktkrcbijr kl frjga gk

jtrjntbva gkl skntar gkl turbsca tjurbia. Xkra pjrj lj supkrvbvkinbj y xbta ki kstkskntar skr nrunbjl bgkitbdbnjr las djntarks nljvk gk xbta. Ki kstj gbrknnbi, laspracatarks gkeki skr njpjnks gk rkspaigkr prbinbpjlckitk j gas nukstbaiks?

- Zu gkskji las nlbkitks1Xjrj rkspaigkr j kstj nukstbi mjy quk mjnkr uijilbsbs gk lj gkcjigj quk ias pkrcbtj nljrbdbnjr?

a Zubkiks sai iukstras nlbkitks? iukstras nlbkitks skri gksgkjdbnbaijgas j las taras quk gkskki gbsdrutjr gk ui gj gk njcpa, mjstjturbstjs nai biqubktug par naiankr kl cuiga tjurbia. Ks naivkibkitkjjgbr quk kl skrvbnba quk adrknkcas ks cuy jtrjntbva pjrj frupas gkpkjs tjurbijs y jsanbjnbaiks vbinuljgjs jl cuiga gkl tara y gklnjejlla. R tjcebi naisbgkrjcas nlbkitks ljs jfkinbjs y lastaurapkrjgarks.

a Nulks sai sus iknksbgjgks? ljs iknksbgjgks quk tbkik kl nlbkitk saigk anba.

a Nulks sai sus nrbtkrbas gk nacprj? rknbebr njlbgjg ki kl skrvbnba j

euki prknba.- Nca saerkvbvbr j lj nacpktkinbj1

[ij gk ljs njrjntkrstbnjs biiavjgarjs quk tbkik Jrtktur y j lj quk sk gkeksu xbta ks su @iaw-maw, nai su `iaw-maw pukgk adrknkr uij jltj njlbgjg sbibinurrbr ki fjstas kxnksbvjckitk klkvjgas. Lj kstrjtkfbj skfubgj par Jrtktur kslj kxnlusbvbgjg quk tbkiki ljs fjijgkrjs j ljs quk arfjibzj vbsbtjs, nujlqubkrkcprksj, jfkinbj a frupa quk gkskk vbsbtjr ljs bistjljnbaiks gk ljs fjijgkrjsquk llkvj Jrtktur tkigr quk mjnkrla j trjvs gk kllj.


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>.7.7 Nrbtkrbas gk kvjlujnbi gk ljs jltkrijtbvjs kstrjtfbnjs.

NUBWKUBA JGKN[JNBI JNKXWJEBLBGJG DJNWBEBLBGJGXUKF[IWJNLJTK

Xkrcbtk naiskfubrlas aeoktbvas yvkitjojsnacpktbtbvjs1

^ai apnbaiksjnkptjelks par lasstj`kmalgkrs1

^k pukgkbcpljitjr ljkstrjtkfbj1

BI^WU[CKIWA^ GJDANjgkij gk vjlar gkXartkr

Jilbsbs skntarbjlJilbsbs bitkriaskntarUknursas ynjpjnbgjgks

Tjlarjnbi gklrkigbcbkitaUgas dbijinbkrasUkjnnbi gkstj`kmalgkrs

Tbjeblbgjgdbijinbkrj[cerjl gkrkitjeblbgjg

Jilbsbs rknursas ynjpjnbgjgks

Dbfurj >.>. Nrbtkrbas gk sklknnbi kitrk jltkrijtbvjs kstrjtfbnjsDukitk? Gbrknnbi kstrjtfbnj gk arfjibzjnbaiks turstbnjs (Nrbstejl Njsjiukvj y C

ifklks Fjllkfa)

Naca ki lj dbfurj jitkrbar vkcas, las nrbtkrbas pjrj jnkptjr a ia uij kstrjtkfbj skejsj ki trks klkckitas? jgknujnbi, jnkptjeblbgjg y djntbeblbgjg. Las bistruckitaspjrj skr ckgbgas ksti gksjrralljgas j la ljrfa gkl plji gk ikfanba y rkspaigkrkcasj ljs prkfuitjs nljvks ki lj nainlusbi gkl prayknta.

>.7.;. Jilbsbs GJDA 7.7.

Kl jilbsbs kstrjtfbna GJDA naisbstk ki quk lj kstrjtkfbj sk darculj ki rkljnbinai nujtra frupas gk naisbgkrjnbaiks? gkeblbgjgks, jckijzjs, dartjlkzjs yapartuibgjgks.

Ljs jckijzjs y apartuibgjgks sk rkdbkrki jl kitaria gk lj kcprksj y gkekigktkrcbijrsk j pjrtbr gk las jilbsbs tjita gkl cjnrakitaria naca gkl cbnrakitaria.Ljs dartjlkzjs y gkeblbgjgks sk rkdbkrki j las rknursas y njpjnbgjgks bitkrias gk lj

kcprksj. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

DAUWJLK_J^ GKEBLBGJGK

JILB^B^BIWKUIA

- Jrtktur adrknk njlbgjg jprknbas jskqubelks.

- Lj kxnlusbvbgjg quk tbkiknai ljs fjijgkrjs j ljsquk arfjibzj vbsbtjs.

- Las nacpktbgarks quk yj kstikstjelknbgas ki kl ckrnjga.

- Las pasbelks njcebas ki klkitaria par lj narrbkitkjibcjlbstj.

AXAUW[IBGJGK^ JCKIJ_J^

JI LB^B^K]WKUIA

- Kl nrknbkitk bitkrs par klturbsca tjurbia y klturbsca ckgbajcebkitjlparquk sk naisbgkrjiikfanbas pjrj ljpkrsbstkinbj gk lj gkmksj.

- Kl nrknbkitk bitkrs gk ljspkjs tjurbijs yjsanbjnbaiks par kstk tbpagk jntbvbgjgks.

- ^btujnbi knaicbnj? ljsbtujnbi jntujl jdkntjprbinbpjlckitk j jntbvbgjgksnaca kstj.

- Lj nrknbkitk nacpktkinbj qukmjy nai fjijgkrjs y dbinjs qukarfjibzji kstk tbpa gk vbsbtjsturstbnjs sbi naitjr naikcprksjs naca Jrtktur.

Dbfurj >.7. Darculjnbi gk kstrjtkfbjs j pjrtbr gkl jilbsbs GJDADukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj j pjrtbr gkl lbera Nrkjnbi gk kcprksjs pjrj

kcprkigkgarks(Bfijnba Njstra y Oas Bfijnba Uudbia)


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>.;. JILB^B^ GK CKUNJGA ;

Kl kstugba gk ckrnjga ks kl ikxa gk uibi kitrk kl plji kstrjtfbna y kl plji gkcjr`ktbif.

Ki kl kstugba gk ckrnjga jijlbzjrkcas j daiga nul ks kl ckrnjga patkinbjl qukgkskjcas jejrnjr. La cs bcpartjitk gk uij bivkstbfjnbi nackrnbjl, ks llkfjr jkitkigkr quk qubkrki rkjlckitk las nlbkitks, nulks sai sus iknksbgjgks gk nacprjs,nulks sai sus nrbtkrbas gk jgqubsbnbi y naca prbarbzji kstas nrbtkrbas.

Las aeoktbvas prbinbpjlks gk ui kstugba gk ckrnjga sai?- Bgkitbdbnjr qubkiks sai iukstras nlbkitks patkinbjlks? bgkitbdbnjcas jqukllas

frupas gk pkjs tjurbijs y jsanbjnbaiks quk pracukvki kl cuiga gkl tara.Wjcebi kxtrjiokras bitkrksjgas par lj nulturj kspjalj, a sbcplkckitkkspjalks quk sk sbkitki bgkitbdbnjgas y jtrjgas nai lj nulturj tjurbij y la qukstj kiflaej ki nujita j fjstraiacj, kialafj, ktn. Wjcebi skri iukstrasnlbkitks las taurapkrjgarks y ljs jfkinbjs quk arfjibzji vbjoks gkdjcblbjrbzjnbi (djc trbps a djc taurs).

- Kl kstugba gk ckrnjga gkek kstjr skfckitjga, yj quk njgj suefrupa vj jrkjnnbaijr gk cjikrj gbdkrkitk j ljs jnnbaiks nackrnbjlks y, par tjita,rkqubkrk ui plji gk vkitjs j su ckgbgj. Naca ks kl njsa gk las nlbkitksjdbnbaijgas j las njejllas y atras quk sk gknjitji par kl tara quk rkqubkrki uiplji gk vkitjs gbdkrkitk par kl tbpa gk vbsbtj quk sk lks pukgk adrknkr. Js nacanlbkitks quk sk vji j gknjitjr par vbsbtjs gk ckgbj oarijgj a vbsbtjs gk oarijgjnacplktj.

- Ki nujita jl jilbsbs gk las skfckitas sklknnbaijgas praduigbzjcas ki qukljs jdbnbaiks gk las nlbkitks vji j gktkrcbijr kl tbpa gk vbsbtj quk rkqubkrji.

>.4. XLJI GK CJU@KWBIF 4

Kl nainkpta gk cjr`ktbif sk ejsj ki quk lj pljibdbnjnbi y ljs apkrjnbaiks gkekiarbkitjrsk jl nlbkitk js naca tagjs ljs jntbvbgjgks gkeki kstjr naargbijgjs. Ks ljpjrtk gkl plji gk ikfanba quk nacuibnj gk darcj cs gbrkntj lj ijturjlkzj gk ljkcprksj y kl caga ki quk pagr jlnjizjr kl xbta. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

>.4.: Dbojnbi gk aeoktbvas 4.:Ks iknksjrba nujitbdbnjr uias aeoktbvas pjrj kvjlujr kl frjga gk

naisknunbi.

Kl aeoktbva dbojga par Jrtktur skr quk ki kl ja 58:4 ljs vkitjs nrkznji ui58%, ki kl ja 58:6 ui >8% y kl ki kl 58:= ui ;8%.

>.4.5 Kstrjtkfbjs gk cjr`ktbif.^KFCKIWJNBI? Kl ckrnjga ks mktkrafika par la quk mjy quk gbvbgbrla ki

frupas y lj kcprksj tbkik quk tkikr uij adkrtj gbdkrkinbjgj pjrj njgj frupa. Ki kstkskitbga Jrtktur prkskitj uij skfckitjnbi y uij adkrtj gbdkrkinbjgj? pagrkcasgbdkrkinbjr j nlbkitks quk sai cs jdbnbaijgas j las njejllas y jl rkoaika, j las nujlkssk lks adrknkr lj vbsbtj j fjijgkrjs gk njejllas y dbinjs gk rkoaikjgarks, y lasnlbkitks quk sai cs jdbnbaijgas jl tarka j pbk y jl tara erjva naca jibcjl ki s, sklks erbigjr lj apartuibgjg gk vbsbtjr fjijgkrjs gk taras erjvas. Xjrj ksta mjerjiuinbas gbdkrkitks pjrj njgj skfckita y trjtjcbkita gbdkrkinbjga ki las njijlks gkgbstrbeunbi? sk trjtjr gk llkfjr j las nlbkitks jdbnbaijgas j las njejllas ckgbjitk lj


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puelbnbgjg ki rkvbstjs gk njejllas y sbcbljrks, y pjsjr la cbsca ki nujita jjdbnbaijgas jl tara.

XA^BNBAIJCBKIWA?Kl pasbnbaijcbkita sk mjnk pracavbkiga ljs gbdkrkinbjs quktbkik kl skrvbnba quk prkstj Jrtktur y su nacpktkinbj. Lj gbdkrkinbjnbi rkspaigk jlgbska gk ui naiouita gk gbstbinbaiks rklkvjitks gksgk lj ptbnj gkl nlbkitk quk

pkrcbtj gbstbifubr lj adkrtj gk uij kcprksj gk lj adkrtj gk lj nacpktkinbj.[ij gk ljs gbstbinbaiks cs rklkvjitks quk tbkik Jrtktur ki nujita j su

nacpktkinbj ks? lj njlbgjg quk adrknk ki kl skrvbnba quk prkstj y lj kxnlusbvbgjg quktbkik nai las lufjrks gigk arfjibzj ljs vbsbtjs. Lj adkrtj gk vbsbtjs quk mjnk j ljsfjijgkrjs cs bcpartjitks gk Kspjj, j ljs quk sala pukgk arfjibzjr vbsbtjs iukstrjkcprksj, su pkrdkntj arfjibzjnbi jgkcs gk quk las praguntas fjstraicbnas qukadrknk sai gk frji njlbgjg mjnk quk kl naisucbgar pkrnbej ui skrvbnba gk frjinjlbgjg.

CJU@KWBIF-CB] GK LJ KCXUK^J?j) Kl pragunta?

Kl pragunta naca klkckita gkl cjr`ktbif-cbx kxbfk ui naiouita gkgknbsbaiks naargbijgjs rkdkrkitks jl naiouita gk skrvbnbas adrknbgas. Gkekcasnaitjr nai ui skrvbnba nai jtrbeutas y ekikdbnbas quk nuerji uij iknksbgjgrkjl. Kl skrvbnba quk adrknk Jrtktur kst kidanjga j rkjlbzjr kstk tbpa gk vbsbtjsturstbnjs gksgk vjrbjs pkrspkntbvjs0 naca binkitbvas y naifrksas, nai dbikskgunjtbvas, pjrj pkrsaijs gk lj tkrnkrj kgjg y naca anba y gbvkrsbi. Kstasskrvbnbas sk pukgki adrknkr ki las sbfubkitks lufjrks y nai oarijgj nacplktj ackgbj oarijgj?

a Fjijgkrj Jgalda Cjrti.a Fjijgkrj Xjrtbga gk Uksbij.a Fjijgkrj Mkrcjias Xrkz Tbllkij.a Nujgrj Lkaijrga Mkriigkz.

e) Lj vjrbjelk prknbaLbstj gk las pasbelks prknbas, kstjelknbkiga ui rpkl. Jrtktur trjtj gk quk kl

vjlar rkjl, kl vjlar pkrnbebga y kl prknba naivkroji. Kl rpkl quk nainkgk Jrtkturks ki darcj gk ksnjljga ki nujiga jl ickra gk pkrsaijs jpraxbcjgjs ki lasfrupas. ^b las frupas sai gk jpraxbcjgjckitk 7; pkrsaijs kl prknba qukkstjelknk Jrtktur ks gk ;8/pkrsaij nai jlcukrza y 78/pkrsaij sbi jlcukrza,pkra sb kl frupa raigj ljs :88 pkrsaijs las prknbas gksnkigkrji j 7;

/pkrsaij nai jlcukrza y >; /pkrsaij sbi jlcukrza, y sb par kl naitrjrba skprkdbkrk ui frupa cs rkgunbga, ki taria j ljs >8 pkrsaijs, las prknbasjsnkigkrji j 48 /pkrsaij nai jlcukrza y ;8 /pkrsaij sbi jlcukrza. Kifkikrjl ks ui prknba ckgba nai rkspknta jl gk lj nacpktkinbj.


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Dbfurj >.;. Wjelj gk prknbas gk prknbas par pkrsaij gk njgj kxpkrbkinbjDukitk? kljearjnbi prapbj

n) Lj nacuibnjnbiIa ejstj nai skr kcprkigkgar, tjcebi mjy quk nacuibnjr lj jntbvbgjg quk

rkjlbzjcas y praykntjr uij bcjfki gk lj kcprksj. Xar klla naitjntjcas naipartjlks tjurbias ki bitkrikt pjrj jiuinbjr iukstrjs kxpkrbkinbjs, rkvbstjs, js

naca ias pracanbaijcas par ljs rkgks sanbjlks.Las aeoktbvas gkl plji gk nacuibnjnbi sai nrkjr naianbcbkita jnkrnj gk lj

kxbstkinbj gkl iukva skrvbnba, praparnbaijr bidarcjnbi, bigunbr j lj prukej gklskrvbnba, cjitkikr lj lkjltjg k bidarcjr saerk ljs jnnbaiks gk lj kcprksj.

Las prbinbpjlks bistruckitas gk nacuibnjnbi sai?

a Lj puelbnbgjg? su duinbi ks bidarcjr, pkrsujgbr y rkdarzjr ljbcjfki jitk las nlbkitks jntujlks. Xranksa gk nacuibnjnbi gk njrntkrcjsbva quk supaik ui nastk pjrj lj kcprksj. Naca mkcas gbnma Jrtkturgbduigbr su jntbvbgjg ckgbjitk gbstbitas ckgbas gk nacuibnjnbi naca saipartjlks tjurbias, rkvbstjs, nai vbgkas pracanbaijlks quk sk gbduigki par rkgkssanbjlks ktn.

a Lj pracanbi gk vkitjs?naiouita gk kstculas a binkitbvas jnarta pljza gbrbfbgas j nacprjgarks, vkigkgarks y prksnrbptarks pjrj trjtjr gkdackitjr lj jgqubsbnbi gk iukstra skrvbnba. Ljs tnibnjs quk utblbzjr Jrtkturskri?

- Lj arfjibzjnbi gk vbsbtjs pracanbaijlks

- Ujppkl par pkrsaijs par frupa, ia ks pasbelk mjnkr uij kxpkrbkinbjpar ckias gk 7; pkrsaijs, pkra Jrtktur gj lj pasbeblbgjg gk mjnkrla


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j ui prknba cjyar, la cbsca pjsj jl naitrjrba, sb vbkiki cspkrsaijs pagrji pjfjr ckias.

a Cjr`ktbif gbrknta? Jrtktur tkigr cjr`ktbif gbrknta, sknacuibnjr nai kl ckrnjga gk darcj pkrsaijlbzjgj k bitkrjntbvj j trjvs gktkldaias, narrka, argkijgar, ktn.

>.4.> Xrkvbsbi gk vkitjs 4.>

Jpjrknkr rkdlkojga gktjlljgjckitk ki kl plji dbijinbkra. Jlfuias tbpas gk jilbsbsgk vkitjs?

- Tkitjs par pkrbaga? Ks tbl prkskitjr ljs vkitjs ki duinbi gkltbkcpa pjrj gkcastrjr kl nrknbcbkita prkvbsta y lj kstjnbaijlbgjg. ^bprkvka lj kstjnbaijlbgjg rkguzna las fjstas y ki kl njsa gk Jrtkturmkcas nacpraejga quk kxbstk uij kstjnbaijlbgjg gkl sbfubkitk tbpa?

a Wkcparjgj jltj? gk Kikra j Cjya y gk Antuerk j Gbnbkcerka Wkcparjgj ckgbj? gk Ouiba j ^kptbkcerk.

- Cbx gk vkitjs? prkskitjr gksflask gk ljs vkitjs par skrvbnbaprkstjga pjrj gkstjnjr lj bcpartjinbj gk njgj uia gk las skrvbnbasquk adrknkcas.

a Jgalda Cjrti? sk prkvi arfjibzjr uijs 6 vbsbtjs kitkcparjgj ckgbj y uijs :4 ki tkcparjgj jltj.

a Xjrtbga gk Uksbij? ki kstj vbsbtj j gbdkrkinbj gk ljs gkcssk prkv arfjibzjr cjyar ickra gk vbsbtjs, mjstj ui tatjlgk :7, ki la quk lljcjcas tkcparjgj ckgbj, gkebga j sulanjlbzjnbi, j ckgbj marj gk lj pljyj y Kl Uana. Ki

tkcparjgj jltj sk prkvi uijs :4 vbsbtjs.a Lkaijrga Mkriigkz? sk prkv arfjibzjr ki tkcparjgj

ckgbj uijs ; vbsbtjs y ki tkcparjgj jltj uijs :7.a Xrkz Tbllkij? ki tkcparjgj jltj sk prkvi uijs :7 vbsbtjs y

ki tkcparjgj ckgbj uijs 4.Kl nucplbcbkita gk las aeoktbvas kstjelknbgas pjsj par lj rkvbsbi

gk las rksultjgas gk darcj pkrbgbnj.

>.6. XLJI GK XUAG[NNBI [ AXKUJNBAIK^ 6

Kl aeoktbva duigjckitjl gk kstk plji rksbgk ki gksnrbebr las ckgbascjtkrbjlks, tnibnas y mucjias iknksjrbas, js naca taga kl pranksa pjrj prkstjr klskrvbnba. (Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

>.6.:. Xrkstjnbi gk skrvbnbas. 6.:Ki kl jilbsbs bitkria mbnbcas ckinbi gk las rknursas (tjita tjifbelks bitjifbelks k

mucjias) nai las quk nukitj Jrtktur pjrj prkstjr kl skrvbnba.Xjrj gksnrbebr kl pranksa quk sk prktkigk bcpljitjr ks iknksjrba gksnrbebr tagjs ljs

tjrkjs a jntbvbgjgks quk bcplbnji gbnma pranksa, qubkiks sai ljs pkrsaijs quk gkekirkjlbzjr ksjs jntbvbgjgks y quk rknursas sk vji j rkqukrbr ki njgj uij gk ljs tjrkjs.- Lj tjrkj cs gkstjnjgj lj rkjlbzj Okss Xrkz, ks sanba y jgkcs gk skr sanba

trjejoj ki Jrtktur paibkiga su naianbcbkita kitusbjsca y jdbnbi par ljWjuracjqubj pjrj trjiscbtbr la quk lljcjcas ljs kxpkrbkinbjs gksgk tagjs ljs


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pkrspkntbvjs. Jgkcs sk kinjrfj gk arfjibzjr tagjs ljs vbsbtjs, naitrjtjr jl rkstagk trjejojgarks y naitjntjr nai ljs fjijgkrjs.

- Atrj tjrkj skrj lj gk lj nanbikrj y su kqubpa gk njcjrkrjs qubkiks sk kinjrfjigk prkpjrjr, skrvbr y rknafkr kl cjrbgjok y las jlcukrzas.

- Mjer ui fubtjrrbstj y ui njitjar quk adrknkri uij kxpasbnbi gk dljckinabitkrprktjiga jlfuias gk las gbdkrkitks kstblas quk naidarcji lj csbnj dljckinj.

- Kstjri j gbspasbnbi gk Jrtktur gas trjejojgarks gk njgj fjijgkrj pjrj quk klgj gk lj vbsbtj naljearki nai ljs jntbvbgjgks quk sk vjyji j adrknkr. Xagri skrui trjntarbstj0 kl nujl vj j trjsljgjr ki trjntar jl frupa pjrj naiankr lj dbinj, uicjyarjl0 ias kiskjr lj fjijgkrj, a ki kl njsa gk lj dbinj gkl rkoaikjgarLkaijrga Mkriigkz skri gas cazas gk nujgrj las quk sk kinjrfjri gkcastrjrias las njejllas y naljearjr nai ljs jntbvbgjgks prkpjrjgjs.

>.6.5. Fkstbi par pranksas 6.5Xjrj jgaptjr ui kidaquk ejsjga ki pranksas, lj arfjibzjnbi gkek bgkitbdbnjr

tagjs y njgj uij gk ljs jntbvbgjgks quk rkjlbzj. Las pranksas gk uij arfjibzjnbi skpukgki jfrupjr ki trks tbpas?

- Xranksas nljvk? sai las pranksas quk tbkiki naitjnta gbrknta nai kl nlbkitk,las pranksas apkrjtbvas iknksjrbas pjrj lj rkjlbzjnbi gkl skrvbnba, j pjrtbrgk las nujlks kl nlbkitk pkrnbebr y vjlarjr lj njlbgjg?

Jntbvbgjgks? kiflaej lj trjiscbsbi gk ljs kxpkrbkinbjs y ljrknrkjnbi.Arfjibzjnbi y pljibdbnjnbi.

Jlbckitjnbi? kiflaej kl skrvbnba gk njtkrbif y skrvbnbasfjstraicbnas.

- Xranksas kstrjtfbnas? sai las pranksas rkspaisjelks gk jijlbzjr ljsiknksbgjgks y naigbnbaijitks gk lj sanbkgjg y gkl ckrnjga pjrj jskfurjrlj rkspukstj j ljs ckinbaijgjs iknksbgjgks y naigbnbaijitks kstrjtfbnas?

Fkstbi gk lj njlbgjg? kiflaej kl naitral y ckoarj.Xljikjnbi kstrjtfbnj? nacuibnjnbi y cjr`ktbif.Fkstbi gk rknursas.

Jtkinbi jl nlbkitk.

- Xranksas gk jpaya? sai las pranksas rkspaisjelks gk pravkkr j ljarfjibzjnbi gk tagas las rknursas iknksjrbas ki nujita j pkrsaijs,

cjqubijrbj y cjtkrbj prbcj, pjrj pagkr fkikrjr kl vjlar jjgbga gkskjgapar las nlbkitks?

Cjitkibcbkita gk lj wke.Fkstbi gk las jlbjgas y naljearjgarks.Naitjeblbgjg.

J naitbiujnbi castrjcas kl cjpj gk pranksas quk cukstrj lj arfjibzjnbimarbzaitjl gk lj kcprksj, rkprkskitj kl naiouita gk dluoas gk trjejoa (jntbvbgjgks) qukgk darcj bitkrrkljnbaijgj gji naca rksultjga kl skrvbnba adrknbga jl nlbkitk?


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Dbfurj >.4. Cjpj gk pranksasDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

[ij gk ljs mkrrjcbkitjs kxbstkitks pjrj jijlbzjr ki praduigbgjg ui pranksa sai lasdluoafrjcjs gk pranksas. stas sai uij rkprkskitjnbi frdbnj gk lj sknukinbj gkpjsas quk sk rkjlbzji pjrj aetkikr ui nbkrta rksultjga.

Iasatras vjcas j rkjlbzjr ui dluoafrjcj pjrj njgj uia gk las pranksas nljvk.Xagrjcas rkjlbzjr pjrj njgj uij gk ljs vbsbtjs quk rkjlbzj ui dluoafrjcj gbdkrkitk gknjgj uia gk las pranksas nljvk, pkra gbskjcas uia gk njgj uia, quk pagrj skrkstigjr pjrj tagas las lufjrks gaigk Jrtktur pukgk rkjlbzjr sus vbsbtjs.


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Jntbvbgjgks

Dbfurj >.6. Dluoafrjcj gkl pranksa nljvk gk JntbvbgjgksDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj


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Arfjibzjnbi y pljibdbnjnbi

Dbfurj >.=. Dluoafrjcj gkl pranksa nljvk gk Arfjibzjnbi y pljibdbnjnbiDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj


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Jlbckitjnbi

Dbfurj >.2. Dluoafrjcj gkl pranksa nljvk gk JlbckitjnbiDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj


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>.= XLJI AUFJIB_JWBTA R GK UKN[UÂ^ M[CJIA^ =

Lj kstrunturj arfjibzjnbaijl bcplbnj lj rkjlbzjnbi gk gas tjrkjs? lj gbvbsbi gkltrjejoa y kl gbska gk cknjibscas gk naargbijnbi. Jcejs sk nainrktji ki uiarfjibfrjcj kspknbdbnjiga qubi gkpkigk gk qubi y nul ks lj njgkij okrrqubnj quksk gkekrj cjitkikr.(Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

XLJI GK UKN[UÂ^? AUFJIBFUJCJ R XALWBNJ GK XKUÂIJL

Gktkrcbijnbi gkl ickra gk pkrsaijs iknksjrbjs pjrj lj arfjibzjnbiXjrj llkvjr j njea lj jntbvbgjg quk rkjlbzj Jrtktur vj j skr iknksjrba prbinbpjlckitk

kl pjpkl gkskcpjjga par kl gbrkntbva Okss Xrkz, ks qubi arfjibzj ljs vbsbtjsturstbnjs. Kl kqubpa quk mjer gkitra gk njgj fjijgkrj naisbstbr ki ui nanbikra,gas njcjrkras, gas pkrsaijs pjrj kl frupa gk dljckina, y gas trjejojgarks qukgkpkigbkiga gkl lufjr gigk sk rkjlbnk lj vbsbtj vji j skr uias u atras. Xar kokcplamjer fjijgkrjs quk tkigri j gbspasbnbi gk Jrtktur ui cjyarjl y ui trjntarbstj qukskri iknksjrbas pjrj gktkrcbijgjs jntbvbgjgks quk sk rkjlbnki ki lj vbsbtj y ki kl

njsa gk lj dbinj gkl rkoaikjgar Lkaijrga Mkriigkz skri atra tbpa gk trjejojgarks.

Arfjibfrjcj gk lj kcprksj

Dbfurj >.:8. Arfjibfrjcj JrtkturDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

Gksnrbpnbi gk ljs duinbaiks, tjrkjs y rkspaisjeblbgjgks gk njgj puksta?Kl gbrkntbva Okss Xrkz sk gkgbnjr j lj arfjibzjnbi gk tagjs y njgj uij gk ljs

vbsbtjs turstbnjs y jgkcs gk kstj arfjibzjnbi, naca yj mkcas gbnma, sk kinjrfjrgk fubjrljs y trjtjr gk trjiscbtbr sus naianbcbkitas y su kitusbjsca par ljtjuracjqubj.

Ki njgj fjijgkrj tkigr ui kqubpa gk trjejoa quk vj j naisbstbr ki kl pkrsaijl gk

trjejoa, ki kl pkrsaijl gk nanbij y ki kl pkrsaijl gk jibcjnbi, ljs duinbaiks y tjrkjsyj qukgjrai kxplbnjgjs ki lj prkstjnbi gkl skrvbnba pkra ljs gktjlljcas jnaitbiujnbi?


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a Ki nujita j pkrsaijl gk trjejoa ias rkdkrbcas j gas pkrsaijs quktrjejoji pjrj lj fjijgkrj, pkra las gjs quk sk arfjibzji vbsbtjs kikllj ksti j plkij gbspasbnbi gk Jrtktur (pagri skr ui trjntarbstj yui cjyarjl, a ki kl njsa gk lj dbinj gkl rkoaikjgar LkaijrgaMkriigkz gas cazas gk nujgrj).

a Kl pkrsaijl gk nanbij skr ui nanbikra kinjrfjga gk prkpjrjr kl

cjrbgjok, kl jlcukrza, a ljs gas nasjs, gkpkigbkiga gkl tbpa gkvbsbtj quk skj, y gas njcjrkras quk sk gkgbnji j skrvbr gbnmacjrbgjok a jlcukrza.

a Kl pkrsaijl gk jibcjnbi skr kl frupa dljckina nacpuksta parfubtjrrbstj y njitjar quk naca yj gbobcas adrknkri uij kxpasbnbigk dljckina bitkrprktjiga jlfuias gk las gbdkrkitks kstblas quknaidarcji lj csbnj dljckinj.

Naitrjtas y rktrbeunbi gkl pkrsaijl?Kl gbrkntbva0Okss Xrkz tkigr ui naitrjta bigkdbibga y naerjr :.888,88 jl

cks par su trjejoa.

Kl pkrsaijl gk trjejoa0 naca mkcas gbnma kst darcjga par gas trjejojgarksgk njgj fjijgkrj, sk naitrjtjri nai ui naitrjta par aerj a skrvbnba gktkrcbijga kikl quk naerjri ;8,88 par gj gk vbsbtj njgj trjejojgar.

Kl pkrsaijl gk nanbij0 kl nanbikra y las njcjrkras las naisbgkrjrkcastrjejojgarks kstjelks y skri naitrjtjgas j tbkcpa pjrnbjl kl cks kitkra. Ljrktrbeunbi skr lj sbfubkitk?

Kl nanbikra naerjr 28,88 iktas par njgj gj gk trjejoa.

Njgj uia gk las gas njcjrkras naerjri 48,88 iktas par njgjgj.

Kl pkrsaijl gk jibcjnbi0 la darcjr ui frupa dljckina quk naerjr 588,88par gj trjejojga. ^k lks naisbgkrji trjejojgarks kstjelks par las quk sk lks naitrjtjj tbkcpa pjrnbjl kl cks kitkra.

Ki nainkpta gk ^kfurbgjg ^anbjl lj kcprksj tkigr quk pjfjr la sbfubkitk?a Xar las trjejojgarks naitrjtjgas j tbkcpa pjrnbjl, pjfjr 5;8 jl

cks par njgj trjejojgar.a Xar las trjejojgarks naitrjtjgas par aerj a skrvbnba sk pjfjr j lj

skfurbgjg 57 jl cks par njgj trjejojgar.a Xar kl gbrkntbva nai naitrjta bigkdbibga mjer quk pjfjr j lj

^kfurbgjg ^anbjl lj njitbgjg gk 5;8.


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WUJEJOJGAU

WBXA GKNAIWUJWA

UKWUBE[NB I GK^NUBXNB I GKUK^XAI^JEBLBGJGK ^uklga ^.

^anbjlGbrkntbva

Okss XrkzBigkdbibga :888/c

ks5;

8Kinjrfjga gk arfjibzjr

tagjs ljs vbsbtjs. R gbrbfbr ljarfjibzjnbi.

Xkrsaijl gk

trjejoa :

Xar aerj a

skrvbnba

;8 /gj

trjejojga

57

Kstjr j gbspasbnbi gk

Jrtktur pjrj ljs jntbvbgjgksq sk rkjlbnki ki lj vbsbtj.Xkrsaijl k

trjejoa 5Xar aerj a

skrvbnba;8/gj

trjejojga57

Kstjr j gbspasbnbi gk

Jrtktur pjrj ljs jntbvbgjgksq sk rkjlbnki ki lj vbsbtj.

Nanbikra J tbkcpapjrnbjl

28/gjtrjejojga

5;8

Xrkpjrjr kl cjrbgjok y kljlcukrza las gjs gk vbsbtj.

Njcjrkra : J tbkcpapjrnbjl

48 /gjtrjejojga

5;8

^krvbr y rknafkr klcjrbgjok y kl jlcukrza lasgjs gk vbsbtj.

Njcjrkra 5 J tbkcpapjrnbjl

48 /gjtrjejojga

5;8

^krvbr y rknafkr klcjrbgjok y kl jlcukrza lasgjs gk vbsbtj.

Njitjar J tbkcpapjrnbjl

:88/gjtrjejojga

5;8

Jcebkitjr jl frupa gkturbstjs nai kl dljckinanaca bgkitbgjg nulturjl.

Fubtjrrbstj J tbkcpapjrnbjl

:88/gjtrjejojga

5;8

Jcebkitjr jl frupa gkturbstjs nai kxpasbnbi gkdljckina.

Dbfurj >.::. Wjelj rksucki gk las fjstas ljearjlks gk lj kcprksjDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj j pjrtbr gkl lbera Nrkjnbi gk kcprksjs pjrj

kcprkigkgarks (Bfijnba Njstra y Oas Bfijnba Uudbia)

>.2 XLJI KNAICBNA DBIJINBKUA

Gkcukstrj lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj y dbijinbkrj gk lj kcprksj j narta y ckgbapljza. Kl puita gk pjrtbgj gkl plji knaicbna dbijinbkra rkqubkrk lj prkvbj kljearjnbiy gkcastrjnbi gk ljs sbfubkitks vbjeblbgjgks?(Uudbia y Njstra, 58:8).

- Tbjeblbgjg lkfjl? Jrtktur nucplk nai las rkqubsbtas iknksjrbas pjrj gatjr j ljarfjibzjnbi gk lj darcj ourgbnj jnargk nai lj lkfjlbgjg vbfkitk.

- Tbjeblbgjg tnibnj? gbspaikcas gk las naianbcbkitas iknksjrbas y tkikcasjnnksa j tagas las rknursas pjrj jeargjr las pranksas gk pragunnbi uapkrjnbaiks.

- Tbjeblbgjg nackrnbjl? kxbstk ui ckrnjga patkinbjl y tkikcas kstrjtkfbjs gkcjr`ktbif pjrj njptjrla. Kxbstk ui ckrnjga patkinbjl, naca mkcas gbnma,ki tagas las jdbnbaijgas bitkrksjgas ki gbsdrutjr gk ui gj gk njcpa, js

naca ki pkjs tjurbijs y pkjs gkl njejlla, jsanbjnbaiks, ktn. quklanjlbzjcas ki lanjlbgjgks kspjaljs partufuksjs y drjinksjs, js nacaljs jfkinbjs.

- Tbjeblbgjg arfjibzjtbvj? sk mji bgkitbdbnjga ljs iknksbgjgks gk rknursasmucjias y sk mj gbskjga ui sbstkcj gk fkstbi quk pasbeblbtj klduinbaijcbkita kdbnjz y kdbnbkitk gk lj jntbvbgjg

J naitbiujnbi vjcas j gktjlljr lj bivkrsbi quk rkqubkrk iukstrj kcprksj pjrjpaikrlj ki duinbaijcbkita, bgkitbdbnjrkcas las rknursas dbijinbkras tjita prapbas nacajokias js naca lj paltbnj gk pragunta mknmj nai lj prkvbsbi gk vkitjs mknmj

jitkrbarckitk quk ias praparnbaijr tjita las fjstas naca ljs vkitjs.


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->:-

>.2.: Xaltbnj gk bivkrsbaiksJ prbinbpbas gk ja sk bivbkrtk ki ui klkckita gk trjispartk par vjlar gk :;.888.

Kl pjfa gk kstk bicavblbzjga sk jpljzjr gk darcj lbikjl ki nujtra jas y jl 4% gkbitkrs jiujl. Lj jcartbzjnbi gk kstk bicavblbzjga skr gk 7 jas.

Gkugj :;.888 ::.5;8 6.;88 >.6;8

Nuatjs >.6;8 >.6;8 >.6;8 >.6;8

Bitkrs 4% 288 46; 7;8 55;

Dbfurj >.:5. Gksflask gkl pjfa gkl klkckita gk trjispartk y las bitkrksksDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

>.2.5 Kstrjtkfbj dbijinbkrjLj paltbnj gk jcartbzjnbaiks gk lj iukvj bivkrsbi ki kl klkckita gk trjispartk

naca yj gbobcas ki lj paltbnj gk bivkrsbaiks skr lbikjl ki 7 jas.Lj paltbnj gk gbvbgkigas quk jgaptj Jrtktur naisbstbr ki ui rjtba gk pjy-aut gkl>8%, parnkitjok gkl ekikdbnba ikta quk sk rkpjrtk j las jnnbaibstjs.

Lj tjsj bcpasbtbvj ckgbj jsnbkigk jl >8%

>.2.> Xaltbnj gk praguntaLjs vkitjs quk rkjlbzjr Jrtktur skri ljs vbsbtjs quk arfjibzj, ki lj prkvbsbi gk

vkitjs jpjrknki gktjlljgjs ljs vbsbtjs quk sk prkvi arfjibzjr ki njgj fjijgkrj kitkcparjgj jltj y tkcparjgj ckgbj. Ljs vbsbtjs quk arfjibzj ki 58:; skri ki tatjl 25j ui prknba ckgba gk ;8 par pkrsaij nai uij ckgbj gk 7; pkrsaijs ki njgj vbsbtj.

Naca yj gbobcas ki lj dbojnbi gk las aeoktbvas ki kl plji gk cjr`ktbif sk prkv qukksjs vkitjs nrkznji ki 58:4 ui 58% y ki 58:6 ui >8%.

Lj kcprksj tkigr quk mjnkr drkitk j ljs nacprjs gk cjtkrbjs prbcjs gk lj nacbgjy las praguntas fjstraicbnas y kialfbnas pjrj kl cjrbgjok. Kl nastk gk lj nacprj gkkstjs cjtkrbjs prbcjs sai gk 2,; par pkrsaij, jqu binarparjcas tjcebi kl prknbagk naisucbelks quk skr lj ljvjigkrj gk skrvbllktjs y cjitklks jgkcs gkl fjsta kieutjia.

Ljs njrfjs j lj fjijgkrj skri las pjfas jl prapbktjrba gk ljs fjijgkrjs parmjnkr lj vbsbtj. Kstjs njrfjs skri gk 58 par pkrsaij.

Xjrj njlnuljr ljs njrfjs gk pkrsaijl ias vjcas j ljs rkcuikrjnbaiks yj gktjlljgjs

ki kl plji gk rknursas mucjias. Ki kstk plji pagkcas vkr las pjfas par gjtrjejojga gkl pkrsaijl. Lj tatjlbgjg skr gk ;:8 par njgj vbsbtj, j la quk mjer qukjjgbr las pjfas ckisujlks gk skfurbgjg sanbjl y suklga jl gbrkntbva. Kstas pjfas jlcks sucji 5.;7= jl cks. Gkebga j lj kstjnbaijlbgjg gk lj kcprksj sk trjejojr anma

cksks.Atras fjstas narrkspaigki tjita j fjstas gkl cjitkibcbkita gk lj wke naca j lj

puelbnbgjg iknksjrbj. Ki puelbnbgjg kl fjsta ckisujl ks gk :58 jl cks (BTJ binlubga)

y kl cjitkibcbkita gk lj wke, sala gkl skrvbgar, ks gk 48 jl cks (BTJ binlubga). Kl

binrkckita gk kstk fjsta ks bfujl jl gkl nrknbcbkita.


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->5-

J A 58:; J A 58:4 J A 58:6

TKIWJ^ 586.888 57=.788 542.:88

Nacprjs cp >2.>>8 76.:24 ;:.:52

Njrfjs j ljsfjijgkrjs

=5.=88 22.>48 :86.478

Njrfjs gk pkrsaijl 46.>87 =8.647,= =6.72;,5

Atras fjstas 5.:48 5.;25 5=8=

Dbfurj >.:>. Nbdrjs prkvbstjs gk vkitjs y fjstasDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

>.2.7 K^WUJWKFBJ NBUN[LJIWKIa tkigrkcas kxbstkinbjs gk cjtkrbjs prbcjs ib gk praguntas tkrcbijgas y ia

mjer kdkntas j naerjr puksta quk las nlbkitks ias pjfji jl naitjga. Wjcpana mjerjpljzjcbkita gkl pjfa j pravkkgarks.

Wrjs las gjtas rknafbgas mjrkcas ui jilbsbs gk lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbna dbijinbkrj?Ckgbjitk kl nujgra gk Njsm Dlaw (Dbfurj >.:7.) ckgbrkcas lj njpjnbgjg quk tbkik

Jrtktur pjrj fkikrjr kl dluoa gk njoj quk sk kinukitrj gbspaibelk.

J A 58:; J A 58:4 J A 58:6

:. TKIWJ^ 586.888 57=.788 542.:88

5. Nacprjs gk cjtkrbj prbcjs >2.>>8 76.:24 ;:.:52

>. Njrfj gk pkrsaijl 46.>87 =8.647,= =6.72;,5

7. Njrfjs j ljs fjijgkrjs =5.=88 22.>48 :86.478

;. Atras fjstas 5.:48 5.;25 5=8=

4. NA^WK GK LJ K]XLAWJNB I :2:.;27 552.2:5,= 572.865,5

6. NJ^M DLAV K]XLAWJNB I :;.784 :=.7=6,5 58.856,=

=. NJ^M DLAV WAWJL :;.784 :=.7=6,5 58.856,=

2. Jcartbzjnbi gkl bicavblbzjga >.6;8 >.6;8 >.6;8

:8. Fjstas dbijinbkras pjsbva l/p 288 46; 7;8

::. UK^[LWJGA EU[WA :8.6;4 :7.845,58 :;.=56,=8

:5. Bcpukstas (8,>8) >.554 7.5:=,44 7.67=,>7

:>. UK^[LWJGA IKWA 6.;>8 2.=7>,;7 ::.862,74

:7 Gbvbgkigas 5.5;2 5.2;>,84 >.>5>,=7

:;. UK^KUTJ^ ;.56: 4.=28,7= 6.6;;,45

:4. J[WADBIJINBJNB I 2.85: :8.478,7= ::.;8;,45

Dbfurj >.:7. Nujgra gk Njsm DlawDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj


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->>-

Ki kstk jpjrtjga sk prkvi ljs quk skri ljs iknksbgjgks gk njpbtjl narrbkitk(Dbfurj >.:;.), pjrj quk kl prayknta ia skj pjrjlbzjga par las gksdjsks tkcparjlks qukpukgji kxbstbr kitrk las pjfas y naeras fkikrjgas par lj jntbvbgjg gk Jrtktur.

JA 58:; JA 58:4 JA 58:6 JA 58:;

Wksarkrj aeoktbva 8 5888 5.888 5.888

Tjrbjnbi 5.888 8 8

Tjrbjnbi JNWBTA NAUUBKIWK 8 5.888 8 8

Gbvbgkigas j pjfjr 8 5.5;2 5.2;>,84 >.>5>,=7

vjrbjnbi 5.5;2 427,86 >68,6=

Bcpukstas j pjfjr8 >.554 7.5:=,44 7.67=,>7

6. vjrbjnbi>.554 225,44 ;52,4=

Tjrbjnbi XJ^BTA NAUUBKIWK ;.7=; :.4=4,6> 288,74

IINN (>.7=;) (:.4=4,6>) (288,74)

Dbfurj >.:;. Nujgra gk Iknksbgjgks Iktjs gk Njpbtjl NarrbkitkDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

Ckgbjitk kl prksupuksta gk njpbtjl (Dbfurj >.:4.) pagkcas vkr lj vbjeblbgjgknaicbnj gk Jrtktur. Lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj trjtj gk paikr gk cjibdbksta quk

pjrtbkiga gk lj prkvbsbi gk vkitjs quk kstbcjcas ki kl Xlji gk Cjr`ktbif, uij vkzgkgunbgas tagas las fjstas praykntjgas pjrj las prbckras trks jas gkduinbaijcbkita, lj kcprksj nacbkizj j fkikrjr ekikdbnbas pasbtbvas gkitra gklpkrbaga ki kl nujl mkcas sbculjga kl duinbaijcbkita gk lj kcprksj, kl nujl jejrnjgksgk 58:; mjstj 58:6. Xjrj rkjlbzjr kstk jilbsbs rknurrbcas jl prksupuksta gknjpbtjl.


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->7-

XUK^[X[K^WA GK BITKU^BAIK^ J A 58:; J A58:4

J A58:6

:. Fjstas gk bivkrsbi :;.888

:.: iukvjs bivkrsbaiks :;.888

5. IINN (>.7=;) (:.4=4,6>) (288,74)

>. Jcartbzjnbaiks drjs l/p >.6;8 >.6;8 >.6;8

>.: Jcartbzjnbi iukvjs bivkrsbaiks >.6;8 >.6;8 >.6;8

WAWJL GK KCXLKA^ J :;.54; 5.84>,56 5.=72,;7

XUK^[X[K^WA GK DBIJINBJNBI- - -

;. Jutadbijinbjnbi 2.85: :8.478,7= ::.;8;,45

4. Dbijinbjnbi kxtkrij :;.888

4.5 Jnrkkgarks l/p iukvas :;.888

WAWJL UKN[U^A^ E 57.85: :8.478,7= ::.;8;,45

E-J ^[XKUJTBW/GKDBNBW GKL XKUBAGA =.6;4 =.;66,5: =.4;4,8=

^[XKUJTBW GKDBNBW JN[C[LJGA =.6;4 :6.>>>,5: 5;.2=2,52

Dbfurj >.:4. Xrksupuksta gk Njpbtjl XrkvbsbaijlDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

Kl jnuculjga ias gj lj vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj, pagkcas vkr quk Jrtktur ks vbjelkknaicbnjckitk parquk su sjlga jnuculjga dbijl ia ks ikfjtbva.

Lj vbjeblbgjg dbijinbkrj gk lj kcprksj tbkik naca aeoktbva gkcastrjr quk iukstrjkcprksj tbkik lbqubgkz sudbnbkitk pjrj mjnkr drkitk j tagas las pjfas narrbkitks quk skvjyji fkikrjiga j la ljrfa gk las trks prbckras jas gk duinbaijcbkita. Xjrj llkvjr jnjea kstk jilbsbs mkcas gk trjisdarcjr las bifrksas y fjstas gk kxplatjnbi kinaeras y pjfas a kitrjgjs y sjlbgjs gk gbikra ki lj tksarkrj gk lj kcprksj. Jsmkcas gk kljearjr las kstjgas gk tksarkrj prkvbsbaijlks (Dbfurj >.:6.), tkibkiga kinukitj quk gktkrcbijgjs pjrtbgjs gk fjstas, naca par kokcpla lj jcartbzjnbi gkl

klkckita gk trjispartk, ia supaiki rkjlckitk ui gkskcealsa a sjlbgj gk gbikrabickgbjtjckitk.


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->;-

JA 58:; JA 58:4 JA 58:6

:. Naeras par vkitjs 586.888 57=.788 542.:88

5. Xjfas par kxplatjnbi :2:.;27 552.2:5,=8 572.865,58

>. tksarkrj gk kxplatjnbi :;.784 :=.7=6 58.856,=8

7. Xjfas par gbvbgkigas 5.5;2 5.2;>,84 >.>5>,=7

;. pjfas par bitkrksks gk gkugjs l/p 288 46; 7;8

4. XJFA^ XAU UKWUBE[NBI GKUKN[UÂ^ L/X >.:;2 >.45=,84 >.66>,=7

6. Xjfas par bcpukstas >.554 7.5:=,44 7.67=,>7

=. WKÂUKUBJ XAU AXKUJNBAIK^NX

(>.554) (7.5:=,44) (7.67=,>7)

2. WKÂUKUBJ IKWJ 2.85: :8.478,5= ::.;8;,45

:8. WKÂUKUBJ JN[C[LJGJ 2.85: :2.44:,5= >:.:44,28

Dbfurj >.:6. Xrksupuksta gk Wksarkrj prkvbsbaijlDukitk? Kljearjnbi prapbj

Jl rkjlbzjr kl prksupuksta gk tksarkrj prkvbsbaijl aeskrvjcas quk kl sjlga dbijljnuculjga jiujlckitk ks pasbtbva. Lj vbjeblbgjg dbijinbkrj gk lj kcprksj qukgjgkcastrjgj puksta quk las sjlgas gk tagas las jas sai pasbtbvas.

Jl dbijl gk njgj uia gk las pkrbagas ki las quk vj j skr kdkntujgj lj sbculjnbirkjlbzjrkcas uij bistjitikj gk lj sbtujnbi pjtrbcaibjl dbijl jl nbkrrk gk njgj uia gklas kokrnbnbas.


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41/45


->6-

NJXW[LA 7

NAINL[^BAIK^

Xjrtbkiga gk uij bgkj gk ikfanba mkcas rkjlbzjga ui plji gk kcprksj ki kl quk iasmkcas nkitrjga ki kl plji kstrjtfbna.

Wrjs mjekr jijlbzjga praduigjckitk kl kitaria jl quk sk kidrkitj Jrtkturaeskrvjcas quk j pksjr gk lj bidlukinbj quk pukgj tkikr lj sanbkgjg ki su rknmjzamjnbj lj tjuracjqubj, Jrtktur tbkik ui ckrnjga cuy jcplba quk gkcjigj su skrvbnba.

Jui js juiquk prkvkjcas quk lj bidlukinbj gk lj narrbkitk jibcjlbstj ia jdkntjr jiukstra ikfanba ki ljs prkvbsbaiks mknmjs, tkigrkcas quk tkikr njpjnbgjg pjrjjgjptjrias j nujlqubkr njceba quk sk pukgj pragunbr rkjlbzjiga uij rkvbsbipkrbgbnj quk lk atarfuk gbijcbsca j lj rkjlbgjg kcprksjrbjl.

Gksjrrallejcas las nrbtkrbas gk kvjlujnbi gk ljs jltkrijtbvjs kstrjtfbnjs lasnujlks krji lj jgknujnbi, lj jnkptjeblbgjg y lj djntbeblbgjg. Xagkcas vkr quk Jrtkturnucplk nai kl nrbtkrba gk jgknujnbipuksta quk kst njpjnbtjgj pjrj naiskfubr las

aeoktbvas y vkitjojs nacpktbtbvjs nai sus rknursas y njpjnbgjgks quk jijlbzejcaski kl plji kstrjtfbna. Gkl nrbtkrba gk jnkptjeblbgjg rksjltjcas quk las stj`kmalgkrsjprukeji lj jntbvbgjg, naca par kokcpla, las prapbktjrbas gk ljs fjijgkrjs quk kstigbspukstas j adrknkr lj apartuibgjg gk naiankr su fjijgkrj ckgbjitk lj fkstbi gk

Jrtktur par kl rkigbcbkita aetkibga. Gkl nrbtkrba gk djntbeblbgjggjcas rkspukstj j ljprkfuitj gk lj pasbeblbgjg gk bcpljitjr lj kstrjtkfbj par las rksultjgas pasbtbvasaetkibgas ki ljs vbjeblbgjgks knaicbnjs y dbijinbkrjs.

Gksnuerbcas quk kl turbsca tjurbia ks ui ckrnjga kckrfkitk y nujita cs nrkznjlj gkcjigj cs apartuibgjgks tkigr Jrtktur par su kstrjtkfbj gksjrralljgj.

Wrjs gksjrralljr kl plji kstrjtfbna gk lj kcprksj, sus jspkntas lkfjlks, su plji gkpragunnbi u apkrjnbaiks y su plji gk cjr`ktbif ks duigjckitjl quk kl praykntapukgj llkvjrsk j njea parquk tkifj uij vbjeblbgjg knaicbnj y dbijinbkrj, ksta larkdlkojcas ki kl plji knaicbna dbijinbkra ckgbjitk las prksupukstas pasbtbvas gknjpbtjl y gk tksarkrj.

Xar kl cackita Jrtktur ia tbkik quk mjnkr drkitk j uias nastks cuy klkvjgas y ks parksa quk tbkik kxnkgkitk gk saerj ki tksarkrj la nujl naisbgkrjcas quk skrjnaivkibkitk trjtjr gk kvbtjr quk sk tkifj tjitj tksarkrj anbasj ckgbjitk lj rkjlbzjnbigk bivkrsbaiks yj skj ki pracanbaiks, naca ki puelbnbgjgks a ki jntbvbgjgkspjrjlkljs.


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->2-

Ebelbafrjdj

Jitaiba O. Jlejrgaikga Drkbrk, Lj Fiksbs gk lj Wjuracjqubj Cagkrij? lj Xrksbgkinbj gk ljJutarbgjg y lj Naistrunnbi gk Wrbeuijs, ki Ljearjtarba gk Jrtk, Ic. :=, 588;, pp. >26-7:4.mttps?//ks.wb`bpkgbj.arf/wb`b/Wjuracjqubj

Eukia Njcpas, K. kt jl. (5886)?Knaiacj gk lj kcprksj. Jilbsbs gk ljs gknbsbaikskcprksjrbjlks, Xbrcbgk, Cjgrbg.

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https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauromaquiahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauromaquiahttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauromaquiahttp://cincodias.com/cincodias/2015/04/30/sentidos/1430414885_276202.htmlhttp://cincodias.com/cincodias/2015/04/30/sentidos/1430414885_276202.htmlhttp://cincodias.com/cincodias/2015/04/30/sentidos/1430414885_276202.htmlhttp://www.infoautonomos.com/informacion-al-dia/tipos-de-sociedades/sociedad-limitada-caracteristicas-ventajas/http://www.infoautonomos.com/informacion-al-dia/tipos-de-sociedades/sociedad-limitada-caracteristicas-ventajas/http://www.infoautonomos.com/informacion-al-dia/tipos-de-sociedades/sociedad-limitada-caracteristicas-ventajas/http://cercles.vtlseurope.com:8098/arxius/pdf/E140136.pdfhttp://cercles.vtlseurope.com:8098/arxius/pdf/E140136.pdfhttp://empresabelicar.blogspot.com.es/2012/12/fuerzas-competitivas-del-sector.htmlhttp://empresabelicar.blogspot.com.es/2012/12/fuerzas-competitivas-del-sector.htmlhttp://www.prodem.ungs.edu.ar/blog/2012/07/business-model-canvas/http://www.prodem.ungs.edu.ar/blog/2012/07/business-model-canvas/http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20131106/toros-son-declarados-patrimonio-cultural-espana-como-proponia-ilp/785640.shtmlhttp://www.rtve.es/noticias/20131106/toros-son-declarados-patrimonio-cultural-espana-como-proponia-ilp/785640.shtmlhttp://www.rtve.es/noticias/20131106/toros-son-declarados-patrimonio-cultural-espana-como-proponia-ilp/785640.shtmlhttp://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/http://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/http://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/http://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfKYJISZtWwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfKYJISZtWwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfKYJISZtWwhttp://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/http://www.libremercado.com/2013-07-14/los-toros-son-el-acontecimiento-cultural-que-mas-ingresos-proporciona-a-hacienda-1276495103/http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20131106/toros-son-declarados-patrimonio-cultural-espana-como-proponia-ilp/785640.shtmlhttp://www.rtve.es/notici

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