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Amity School of Communication

Module V- Science & Technology

By-

Ankit Kashyap

ASCOCloning

• Cloning refers to the technique of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism.

• Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.

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Cont….

• Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms. 

• Molecular Cloning• Cell Cloning• Organism Cloning• Stem Cell Research Cloning

ASCOCont…

• Example• Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe, was the

first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland.

ASCODolly

ASCODolly

ASCOBiotechnology

• Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bio-products.

• As per UN Convention on Biological Diversity, biotechnology is defined as-

“Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use."

ASCOApplications

• Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas:-

Health care (medical)Crop production and agricultureNon food (industrial) uses of crops and

other products (e.g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, bio-fuels)

Environmental uses

ASCOUses

Medicine Drug Production Gene Therapy Genetic Testing CloningPharmaceutical products To treat hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cancers,

arthritis, hemophilia, bone fractures, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disorders.

ASCOCont….

Agriculture Crop Yield Reduced vulnerability of crops to environmental

stresses Increased nutritional qualities Improved taste, texture or appearance of food

Reduced dependence on fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals

ASCOCriticism

Increased herbicide usage resulting in herbicide resistance.

“Super weeds”Residues on and in food cropsGenetic contamination of non-GM cropsHurt organic and conventional farmers

ASCONobel Prize

• The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances.

• Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite established the prizes in 1895

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• The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901

• The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was instituted by Sveriges Riksbank in 1968 and was first awarded in 1969.

ASCOCont….

• The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences- Physics, Chemistry & Economic Sciences

• The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet- Physiology or Medicine

• The Swedish Academy - Literature

• Norwegian Nobel Committee- Peace