ias our dream notes -> part 6

5/28/2018 IAS OUR DREAM Notes -> Part 6

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IAS OUR DREAM NOTES COMPILATIONs Part 6

What is the correct sequence of the rivers Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada and Ta

pi in the descending order of their lengths?

(a) Godavari-Mahanadi-Narmada-Tapi

(b) Godavari-Narmada-Mahanadi-Tapi

(c) Narmada-Godavari-Tapi-Mahanadi

(d) Narmada-Tapi-Godavari-Mahanadi

Ans - (b) godavari, narmada, mahanadi, tapi

Nanda Devi peak forms a part of(a) Assam Himalayas

(b) Kumaon Himalayas

(c) Nepal Himalayas

(d) Punjab Himalayas

Ans - Nanda Devi peak forms a part of Kumaon Himalayas located in Chamoli

district of Uttaranchal.

Amongst the following Indian States which one has the minimum total forest co

ver?

(a) Sikkim (b) Goa (c) Haryana (d) Kerala

Ans- Haryana is the state which has 6.83% of area is forest cover area of the tot

al land coverage, whereas Sikkim has 36%, 38.5 of Goa and 28.9% of Kerala ha

s forest area of total land mass.

# # First Indian to enter was Civil Services S.N. Tagore in 1863-64....Till 1871 t

hree Indians selected.... name them ?

Ans - - Surendranath Banerjee , RC Dutt , Brij lal Gupta


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# # "Democracy is of the 1%,by the 1%, for the 1%."...who said this ?

Ans - Joseph Stilgitz

# # Isostasy

=> - Isostasy is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equil

ibrium between the earth 's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic

plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density.

=> This concept is invoked to explain how different topographic heights can exist at the Earth's surface. When a certain area of lithosphere reaches the state of i

sostasy, it is said to be in isostatic equilibrium . Isostasy is not a process that ups

ets equilibrium, but rather one which restores it (a negative feedback).

=> It is generally accepted that the Earth is a dynamic system that responds to l

oads in many different ways. However, isostasy provides an important 'view' of

the processes that are happening in areas that are experiencing vertical moveme

nt.=> Certain areas (such as the Himalayas) are not in isostatic equilibrium, which

has forced researchers to identify other reasons to explain their topographic heig

hts (in the case of the Himalayas, which are still rising, by proposing that their e

levation is being "propped-up" by the force of the impacting Indian plate ).

=> In the simplest example, isostasy is the principle of buoyancy where an obje

ct immersed in a liquid is buoyed with a force equal to the weight of the displac

ed liquid.

=> On a geological scale, isostasy can be observed where the Earth's strong lith

osphere exerts stress on the weaker asthenosphere which, over geological time f

lows lateral

# # Joan of Arc ??

** She was hero of France, originally a peasant girl who travelled from the coun

tryside to Paris to meet the French King who had lost half of his empire to the E


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nglish during the 100yr war...

** She inspired him by swing that she had visions from god and god wanted hi

m to take France back from the English.... Under her inspirational leadership the

French made significant advances on the English.** During a siege she was captured by Burgandians and handed to the English

who tried her for being a witch and burned her at the stake....

** Many years after her death, the church admitted it's mistake and beatified her

into a saint... Also called John of Arc and The Maid of Florance

# # Illa pathak

=> the founder of Ahmedabad Womens Action Group (AWAG).

=> IIa Pathak was the president of India Chapter of Womens International Lea

gue for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and served as professor in H K Arts Colle

ge.

=> She was the vice-President of Peoples Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) and

she played a key role in movement for justice to the victims of 2002 riots of Gujarat.

# # Aishwarya Rai

the brand ambassador for The Eye Bank Association of India's nationwide ca

mpaign to promote eye donation in India

In 2005 she became a brand ambassador for Pulse Polio, a campaign establishe

d by the Government of India in 1994 to eradicate polio in India

In the same year, Rai was appointed spokesperson for the International Year of

Microcredit, raising awareness of the main goals and priorities of the United Na

tions' poverty alleviation efforts

In February 2005 Rai performed alongside other Bollywood stars at the HELP

! Telethon Concert, an event to raise money for the victims of the 2004 tsunami

earthquake


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# # Where does Panchayati Raj does not exist in India ?

Ans - Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all the states except Nagal

and , Meghalaya and Mizoram (have elected village councils) , and in all Union

Territories except Delhi.

=> In Assam, Panchayati Raj Institutions do not exist in 6 districts covered unde

r Autonomous Councils. These 6 districts are Karbi Anglong , North Cachar , B

aksha , Kokrajhar , Chirang and Udalguri.

=> The areas under Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TAADC) do not have

Panchayati Raj Institutions but they have Elected Village Committees. Rest of T

ripura has Panchayati Raj

Institutions.

=> In Manipur, the hill areas consisting of the Districts Senapati , Churachandp

ur , Ukhrul , Tamenglong

and Chandel are not covered under Panchayati Raj Institutions. Rest of Manipurhas PRIs.

# # Mayos resolution (1870)

Ans - - From 1870 that Viceroy Lord Mayo's Resolution (for decentralisation of

power to bring about administrative efficiency in meeting people's demand and

to add to the finances of colonial regime) gave the needed impetus to the develo

pment of local institutions. It was a landmark in the evolution of colonial policy

towards local government.

** Lord Mayo`s resolution had delineated- "Local interest, supervision, and c

are are necessary to success in the management of the funds devoted to educatio

n,sanitation, medical relief, and local public works. The operation of this resolut

ion in its full meaning and integrity will afford opportunities for the developmen

t of self- government, for strengthening municipal institution, and for the associ


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ation of Natives and Europeans to a greater extent than heretofore in the admini

stration of affairs".

** Numerous provincial governments authorised municipal acts to execute the p

olicy drafted. The Bengal District Board Cess Act, 1871 was the initiative towards implementing local self-government in pastoral Bengal. Parallel acts were pa

ssed in Madras, North-Western Provinces and Punjab.

# # Anchalik panchayat

Ans - Assam Panchayat Act 1994: A three-tier system with Zilla Parishad has been introducedGaon Panchayat, Anchalik Panchayat and Zilla Parishad.

Anchalik Panchayats: STRUCTURE

a. Presidentto be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Panchayats.

b. Vice President - to be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Pancha

yats.

c. Members

1. One member from each Gaon Panchayat area to be directly elected by people.2. President of the Gaon Panchayats falling within the jurisdiction of the

Anchalik Panchayat.

3. Members of Parliament and Legislative Assembly.

FUNCTIONS: -

a. Preparation of Annual Plan in respect of the schemes entrusted to it by virtue

of the Act and those assigned to it by the Government or the Zilla Parishad and

submission thereof to the Zill Parishad within the prescribed time for integration

with the District Plan;

b. Consideration and consolidation of the Annual Plans of all Gaon Panchayats

under the Anchalik Panchayat and submission of consolidated plan to the Zilla

Parishad;

c. Preparation of Annual Budget of the Anchalik Panchayat and submission to Z

illa Parishad for approval within the prescribed time;

d. Performing such functions and executing such works as may be entrusted to it

by government or the Zilla Parishad;


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e. To assist the government in relief operation in natural calamities;

f. Such other development works as may be entrusted.

COMMITTEES :-

Anchalik Panchayat: Three committees, they are

=> a. General standing committee.

=> b. Finance, Audit and Planning committee.

=> c. Social justice committee.

Members: Each standing committee shall consists of such number of members n

ot exceeding six including the Chairman, as may be specified by the Anchalik Panchayat and chosen by the Anchalik Panchayat from amongst its members.

Functions: The standing committee shall perform the functions relating to the de

velopment of the rural areas and its people to the extent powers are delegated fr

om the Anchalik Panchayat.

# # Fatwa-i-Alamgiri.

Ans - Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is a compilation of law created at instance of the Mug

hal Emperor Aurangzeb (who was also known as 'Alamgir'). This compilation is

based on Sunni Islam 's Sharia law, and was the work of many scholars, princip

ally from the Hanafi school.

** In order to compile it Aurangzeb gathered 500 fuqaha , 300 from the Indian s

ubcontinent, 100 from Iraq and 100 from the Hejaz .

** This codified work served as the primary source for exercising and impleme

nting the national laws according to Islamic code of law.

** It consists of exhaustive number of possible situations and their juristic rulin

gs by the great Hanafi jurists of the time.

** The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is notable for several reasons:

> It spanned 30 volumes

> It served as the basis of law and doctrine imposed by Aurangzeb throughout h

is empire.


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> One of its compiler was Shah Abdul Rahim, founder of Madrassah e Rahimiy

yah, whose son was Shah Waliullah the last of the Muslim scholars of India.

# # Mrudang

=> a percussion instrument from India of ancient origin. It is the primary rhyth

mic accompaniment in a Carnatic music and Newa music ensemble.

=> The mridangam is also played in Carnatic concerts in countries outside of In

dia, including Sri Lanka, Singapore , Malaysia, Australia, UK, Canada , and the

U S.=> The mridangam is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a

hollowed piece of jackfruit wood about an inch thick. The two mouths or apertu

res of the drum are covered with a goatskin and laced to each other with leather

straps around the circumference of drum.

=> These straps are put into a state of high tension to stretch out the circular me

mbranes on either side of the hull, allowing them to resonate when struck. Thes

e two membranes are dissimilar in width to allow for the production of both bass and treble sounds from the same drum.

=> The combination of two inhomogeneous circular membranes allows for the

production of unique and distinct harmonics.

=> Pioneering work on the mathematics of these harmonics was done by Nobel

Prize winning physicist C. V. Raman.

=> Significant players of the mridangam in modern times are Dr.T.K.Murthy, U

mayalpuram K. Sivaraman , Vellore G. Ramabhadran , Trichy Sankaran, B. Har

ikumar, Karaikudi Mani, Madurai T. Srinivasan (Seenakutti), Yella Venkateswa

ra Rao, Srimushnam Raja Rao, Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam , Mahadevu Laksh

mi Narayana Raju, Cheluvaraj Trichur C Narendran who have been playing and

advancing the technique since decades.

# # Pakhavaj


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=> The pakhavaj or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, [1] a

variant and descendant of the mridang .

=> It is the standard percussion instrument in the dhrupad style and is widely us

ed as an accompaniment for various forms of music and dance performances.=> The pakhavaj has a low, mellow tone, very rich in harmonics. Set horizontall

y on a cushion in front of the drummer's crossed leg, the larger bass-skin is play

ed with the left hand, the treble skin by the right hand.

=> The bass face is smeared with wet wheat dough which acts as the kiran and i

s the cause of the vivid, bass sound the pakhavaj produces.

=> Hindustani music....finds a mention in Ain i Akbari

# # Lyttons Resolution 1877.

=> The British parliament passed the Royal Titles Act investing queen Victoria

with the title of Kaiser-I-hind or the Queen empress of India. However a grand

Durbar was held at Delhi on 1st January 1877 to announce the Queen`s assumpt

ion of title.=> Unfortunately the durbar was held during the time when several parts of Indi

a were stricken with famine. The government of Lytton spent a million, when m

illions of Indians were dying in poverty and starvation.

=> This induced hatred among the Indians against the government of Lytton. Th

e historians have opined that the durbar marked the beginning of the movement,

which filed the educated Indian with the idea of obtaining a rightful place in the

Empire.

=> The educated Indians began to assert themselves. It was after that vast assem

blage of 1877 that S.N Bannerjee thought to organize an association of the India

ns to voice out their grievance.

=> Thus the policies adopted by the government of Lord Lytton indirectly awak

ened the nationalist tendencies in India.

# # How did the US aloofness is one of the reasons for WWII


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=> League of Nations was a failure due to the nations not being concerned abou

t the objectivity of its organizational basis.

=> Moreover, the Financial crisis after the first world war shackled the Europe and these country being made totally dependent on US. Later, the means of wasti

ng resources was probably a much unwise decision as US felt and struggled one

of the greatest depression in history.

=> Still, Germany and the other countries totally have their propaganda of biase

d behaviour kept in their mind taking revenge of the pacts laden upon them; and

this time the norms were much stringent and the bigger powers were busy resol

ving their own problems.=> Although, the scenarios after the first world war kept US aloof and so forth a

nother conflict of interest took place in the absence of negotiation measures in t

he form of ww 2..

=>france actions were quite revengeful....wit Germany ...but akela UK was not

able to contain it since US remained Aloof !

=> but ek reason ye bhi hai ki fasict countries ke leader that is hitler aur mussoli

ni communism ke khilaf the,,,,aur Usa ko dar tha ki communism expand na ho jaaye(jo ki capitalist countries ke liye khatra ho sakti hai) ,islie USA ne germany

ka east ward expansion nahi roka,,,

=> Wars took place for the colonial and sovereign expansion and US and her int

erests can be best described by the means of her announcement of fighting for D

emocracy and the same had been pioneered by Woodrow Wilson.

=> Regardless,The inherited feature of US and allied big powers was absolutely

opposing the Communism (Socio-Communism at that time) and even US disap

proved the Russian Government. US did not interfere with the Asian Powers too

like Japan(opposing Russia) which was at best also in its marine strength at that

time.

=> So, the world war was just a result of the extremist diplomacy taken care by

powers having the attitude for the denial of socio-economic changes taking plac

e at that time.


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# # Should der be a separate Department for Nano technology just as v hv

one for BIOTECHNOLOGY ....make a SWOT analysis\

=> No,,research and developmental activities in the field of nanotechnology arenot upto that level in india so if v hv a department dont u feel it can receive a im

petus ? .. IT biotech nd nano tech can paly wonders in terms of economny if thin

ks hppn in a positive direction as it is not jus management nd research ...der also

risk factors associated wit nano particles but we dont have human resources in t

his field,,,for this we have to provide nanotech education in our courses,,resultin

g in more expansion in this field ,,,more the number of scientists,,,,then we can

have its separate department,,,=> der r subjcts on nanoltchnology in su engi unniversities bt d thing s dat dey r

n givn much importance nd hav to creat awareness abt d sub in respect wit hw it

cn ak it up ou nation in technology field....nd projcts in d education, shld b prov

ided wit subsidies on the subjctd projcts nd b ncouragd wit importance, assurin

dem by recruitin if d projct s gud nd by dis wae d no. f pupils on dis tech ll grad

ually incr whic leads to creation f seperate dept...

=> I dont see any harm in it. It would promote nanotechnology in India be it in industry,

=> sheep and goat breeds

# # Tellicherry, Jamunapari, Barberi, Osmanabadi, Malaberi,Kashmeri, Beetal,

Surti, Gujarati.

# # Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL)

=> incorporated as an SPV by Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) with the p

urpose of constructing a 1980 (3x660) MW thermal power plant at Village Bana

wala, Mansa- Talwandi Sabo Road, District Mansa, Punjab, India.

=> Sterlite Energy Limited (a Vedanta group company) was selected as the deve


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loper of the project for supply of 100% power to Punjab State Electricity Board

(PSEB) for 25 years as per the guidelines of GOI.

=>.Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL), a 100% subsidiary of SEL, will be i

mplementing the largest 1980 (3x660) MW Greenfield Power Project in Punjab,India, with all consents and approvals in place.

=> TSPL is one of the first few Supercritical plants being constructed in the cou

ntry. The Supercritical technologies are environment friendly and energy efficie

nt technologies.

# # What is the process of Astivation ?

=> when in summer there is decrease in metabolic activities in some animals

Some animals go for long sleep during summer=Aestivatin. while those animals

go for sleep during winter is Hibernation

=> state of dormancy ,,in animals , charactersd by inactivity nd lowered metabol

ic rate ,, to avoid hot and dry climate ,, mostly summers ,, and similar to hiberna

tion

=> The cold blooded(poikilothermal animals) animals i.e frogs, lizards etc combat season change by going summer sleep, this process is called aestivation.....

=> to avoid the risk of desiccation ,, due to exteme high temp ,, many animals te

nds to enter into a state of inactivity ,, which in result lowers their metabolic rat

e ,, this mostly happens in arid situations ,, many terrestrial and even aquatic ani

mal aestivate ,, when there is shortage of food and enough water ,,

# # Taran Taran ?

=> one of the districs and holy place of sikhs in the state of punjab; was formed

in 2006. from amritsar district.

=> found by 5th guru n ruled by bhangi sikh dynasty there is aslo ashirne taran t

aran sahib; tarn taran was known as the capital of khalistan

=> A part of bhangi sikh dynasty taran taran was founded by 5th sikh guru arjun

dev . The city was a center of the Sikh insurgency during the 1980s and early 1


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990s.

=> The book 'Baani' was written by guru nanak dev and angaddev took care of t

hat.

# # What all is credited into the Consolidated Fund of India. ?

=> All revenues received by Government by way of taxation like income-tax, ce

ntral excise, custom, land revenue (tax revenues) and other receipts flowing to

Government in connection with the conduct duct of Government business like r

eceipts from Railways, Posts, Transport etc. (non-tax revenues) are credited intothe Consolidated Fund.

=>Similarly, all loans raised by Government by issue of Public notifications, tre

asury bills (internal debt) and loans obtained from foreign governments and inte

rnational monetary institutions (external debt) and all moneys received by Gove

rnment in repayment of loans and interest thereon are also credited into this Fun

d.

=> All expenditure incurred by the Government for the conduct of its business including repayment of internal and external debt and release of loans to States/

Union Territory Governments for various purposes is debited against this Fund.

# # first 3D model of a human fingerprint called Phantom ?

=> Indian-American scientist Anil Jain on 6 March 2014 developed the first 3D

model of a human fingerprint called Phantom. The development could boost the

accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems and improve security technology.

=> The team of computer scientists led by Arun Jain at Michigan State Universi

ty developed the 3D image by first making a two-dimensional image of a finger

print and then mapping it to a 3D finger surface.

=> The 3D finger surface complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up

the human fingerprint, is made using a 3D printer.


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# # Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB) ?

=> Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB) India is an Indian company thatdeals with setting professional standards based in Mumbai.

=> Its mission is to develop and promote financial standards to benefit and prot

ect the entire nation as a whole. FPSB India works closely with nearly all aspect

s of the Indian economy. As a professional membership & certification firm, it i

s part of a global organization to establish beneficial and universal standards for

financial planning in India and works with prominent financial service corporat

ions.=> As a Self-Regulatory Organization, FPSB India promotes and maintains hig

her standards of professionalism than required and seeks to cooperate with the g

overnment and regulation agencies to uniformly regulate personal Financial Pla

nning practitioners.

# # A power grid consists of three sectionswhich r they ?

=> A power grid consists of three sections - stations which produce electricity fr

om fuel (fossil or non-combustible), the transmission lines which carry the pow

er to the substations from the plants and lastly the transformers which keep a ch

eck on the voltage.

# # Ken-Betwa project ?

Ans

The Ken and Betwa rivers in the states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Madhya Pradesh (MP) are to be linked under an historic agreement that marks th

e first such project in India's ambitious and controversial national river-li

nking project. It is India's first interstate river-linking deal.

The ambitious project, estimated to cost over Rs.9000 crore, is expected t


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o be included in the 12th Five-Year Plan, starting April next.

The first Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) initiative in the country, the project aims to enhance irrigation and potable water supplies in both states, at a

n estimated cost of over Rs 4,000 crore. It envisages the diversion of surplus water in the Ken river basin to the water-deficient Betwa basin throug

h the construction of a dam on the Ken and a canal to transfer the water.

The Betwa in Uttar Pradesh, which flows into the Yamuna, will receive surplus water from the Ken that originates in Uttar Pradesh and then runs s

outh across Madhya Pradesh. The Davdhan dam is to be built on the Ken

near its source.

Once extra water from the Ken basin is transferred to the Betwa it will make possible the construction of four additional medium irrigation projects

in the upper Betwa basin where irrigation levels are extremely

low. Irrigation benefits will also accrue en route by way of additional irrigation/stabilisation in the downstream Davdhan dam.

The Ken-Betwa Link Project will ensure irrigation and water supplies toChatarpur, Tikamgarh, Panna, Raisen and Vidisha districts of Madhya Pradesh, and Hamirpur, Banda and Jhansi districts in Uttar Pradesh.

# # information of Fahien about the political, religious, social and economic

conditions of India ?

=> Fahien was a Chinese monk who travelled India during the age of ChandraGupta Vikramaditya. He travelled during C 399-414. His travelogues give a fine

impression about Chandra Guptas empire.

Fahien noted the peacefulness of India, the rarity of serious crime, and the mild

ness of the administration. He stated that it was possible to travel from one end t

o another in the country without molestation, and without passports. In his rema

rks on social custom he stated that all respectable persons were vegetarians, mea

t eating being confined to low castes and untouchables. He found Buddhism still


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flourishing, but theistic Hinduism was very widespread.

=> Fahiens record shows that in place of the old sacrificial Brahminism, Hindu

ism has appeared. But in the best days of the Gupta Empire Indian culture reached a perfection which it was never to attain again. Humanitarian ideas, probably

encouraged by Buddhism, were effective in Gupta period in moderating the fier

ce punishments of earlier days.

=> Fahien stated that the death penalty was not imposed in north India, but most

crime was punished by fines and only serious revolt by the amputation of one h

and. Executions were rare.

=> According to Fahien, the Shudras were kept outside the town and entered the

town by making a noise with a stick. They were butchers, hunters, and fisherme

n.. Fahien states that the income of the government was mainly based on the rev

enue taxes which were one-sixth of the total production.

=> Government officials were given fixed income and there was no contributionfrom the people. Donation was prevalent in those times. Fahien had made speci

al note of free hospitals maintained by the donations of pious citizens. He stated

that the economy was based on agriculture.He had given a detailed description

of the Buddhist pilgrimages.

=> According to him, the Buddhist religion was divided into Mahayana and Hin

ayana. He saw twenty Buddha vihars in Mathura. But in Kapilavastu, Gaya and

Kushinagar the condition was deteriorating which indicated the weakening of B

uddhism. In the description of Fahien, it is not clear whether Brahmin religion

was prevalent in the country or not.

Fahien had mentioned about the Jainism also.. Fahien had also mentioned about

Shaiva and Vaishnav religion.

# # Difference between tributary and distributary


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=> A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem (or par

ent) river or a lake .

=> A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river serve to drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water a

nd groundwater by leading the water out into an ocean or sea.

=> A confluence,where two or more bodies of water meet together, usually refer

s to the joining of tributaries.

=> The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches of

f from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often foun

d in river deltas.

# # Garland canal

=> The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a proposed large-scale civil engineering proje

ct that aims to join the majority of India 's rivers by canals and so reduce persist

ent water shortages in parts of India.** In 1972 the then Minister for Irrigation K. L. Rao proposed a 2640 kilometer

long link between the Ganges and Kaveri rivers. In 1974 plans were proposed f

or the 'Garland canal'.

** The Garland Canal was proposed by Dinshaw J. Dastur, a consultant Engine

er. Interlinking of rivers can be the permanent solution to Cauvery water dispute

between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

** The Inter-link would consist of two parts, a northern Himalayan River Devel

opment component and a southern Peninsular River Development component.

** The Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal would encircle the southern

and central plateau in a 900 km zigzag area beginning with the Chambal River a

nd terminating at Cape Comorin.

** This canal will be twice as long as the Himalayan Catchment Canal and will

be built at a uniform elevation of 500 meters above sea level.

** Shaped like a giant necklace this will encircle the entire southern and central

plateau and will have 2900 subsidiary outlets along its entire course. It will conn


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ect all the monsoon-fed rivers of the region.

** It aims at providing irrigation facilities to all parts of the country, eliminating

the vicious flood-drought circle and making a judicious utilization of surface w

ater resources (rivers, rainfall and snow-melt).** The Project envisages the construction of two mammoth canals, the Himalay

an Catchment Canal, and the Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal coveri

ng the entire length and breadth of the country.

** The canal will arrest, control and distribute the waters of the Himalayan Rive

rs including snow-melt. ** A series of artificial reservoirs and integrated lakes

would be constructed along the canal on the catchment side and at strategic loca

tions.

# # Smart grid

=> A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital info

rmation and communications technology to gather and act on information, such

as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automatedfashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of th

e production and distribution of electricity.

# # Itelligence grid of election commission

=> The Election Commission has created a multi-agency grid of revenue and se

curity intelligence agencies to regularly update it about suspected financial mov

ements as part of measures to curb use of black money in Lok Sabha and assem

bly polls.

=> In a first-of-its-kind measure, the EC has created a board of senior officials d

rawn from ten financial and security intelligence departments which will meet t

wice a week at Nirvachan Sadan, the EC headquarters here, to generate comm

on leads and flag suspect money instances.

=> The agencies that have been pooled in for the task include Income Tax intelli


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gence and investigations, Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Directorate of Reve

nue Intelligence, Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, Narcotics Control Bure

au and the snoop wings of border guarding forces of SSB and BSF and those of

CISF and the Railway Protection Force.

# # Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman was an American theoretical physicist known for his

work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics , the theory of quan

tum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquidhelium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). => For his

contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointl

y with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , received the Nobel Prize in P

hysics in 1965.

=> He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathema

tical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles , which later bec

ame known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one ofthe best- known scientists in the world.

=> In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Ph

ysics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.

# # JELLY

=>Jelly is a new way to search with pictures and people from your social networ

ks.Jelly was founded in April 2013 by Biz Stone and Ben Finkel. They chose th

e jellyfish to represent our product because it has a loose network of nerves that

act as a "brain" similar to the way we envision loosely distributed networks of p

eople coordinating via Jelly to help each other.

# # Mill gate price scheme


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=> The transportation of yarn from one place to another, increases the cost of ya

rn considerably putting the weavers at a disadvantageous position. Keeping the

above in view, Government of India introduced a scheme for Supply of yarn at the price in which it is available at the Mill Gate in 1992.

=> Under the scheme the transportation expenses involved in supply of yarn are

reimbursed by the Government of India. The nodal agency for the implementati

on of this scheme is NHDC.

=> This scheme titled Mill Gate Price Scheme has two components, namely,

(i) Supply of yarn at Mill Gate Price and (ii) Investment in NHDC.

=> The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the renaming of Mill Gate Price Scheme (MGPS) as Yarn Supply Scheme (YPS) on 9 Janua

ry 2014.

=> The CCEA also approved the continuation of the MGPS with the new name

in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) and allowed 10 percent subsidy componen

t with modifications.

=> The Scheme has been allotted an outlay of 443 crore rupees in the 12th Plan.

=> Under the Scheme, the target for the 12th Plan is to supply 3506 lakh kg yarn worth of 4364 crore rupees.The Scheme provides subsidized yarn to the under

-privileged weavers and vulnerable groups so that they can compete with the po

werloom and mill sector.

=> The Scheme is to make yarn available to handloom weavers at mill gate pric

e by reimbursing transportation charges to depot operating agencies, primary we

avers cooperative societies, apex societies and other handloom organizations.

# # Wild goose pagoda

=> Giant Wild Goose Pagoda or Big Wild Goose Pagoda, is a Buddhist pagoda

located in southern Xi'an , Shaanxi province, China. It was built in 652 during t

he Tang Dynasty and originally had five stories, although the structure was rebu

ilt in 704 during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian and its exterior brick facade w

as renovated during the Ming Dynasty.


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=> One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the B

uddha that were brought to China from India by the Buddhist translator and trav

eler Xuanzang .

# # Bengal school of art

=> The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an influ

ential art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal , pri

marily Kolkata and Shantiniketan , and flourished throughout India during the B

ritish Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism ( swadeshi) and led by A

banindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by Brit

ish arts administrators like E. B. Havell , the principal of the Government Colle

ge of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development of the moder

n Indian painting

=> .Havell was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the p

oet Rabindranath Tagore . Tagore painted a number of works influenced by Mughal art, a style that he and Havell believed to be expressive of India's distinct s

piritual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West.

=> Tagore's best-known painting, Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young

woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objec

ts symbolic of India's national aspirations. Tagore later attempted to develop lin

ks with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist mode

l of art.

=> Other painters and artists of Bengal school were Gaganendranath Tagore (T

agore's brother), Asit Kumar Haldar, M.A.R Chughtai, Kiron Sinha, Sunayani D

evi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Kshitindranath Majumdar, Nandalal Bose,

Kalipada Ghoshal, Sughra Rababi and Sudhir Khastgir.

# # Minority cyber gram


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The MCG programme seeks to introduce digital literacy skills in identified min

ority clusters in India through designated Digital Fellows towards knowledge e

mpowerment and entitlement gains of minority focused groups and beneficiarie

s.

Objectives

1. To impart digital literacy and skills among identified minority groups and ben

eficiaries through designated Digital Fellows (DFs) in identified minority cluste

rs for information and knowledge empowerment and entitlement gains.

2. To provide opportunities in information and knowledge networks for local co

mmunities.

# # Pattachitra

=> Pattachitra is a general term for traditional, cloth-based scroll painting, base

d in the eastern Indian state of Odisha .

=> In the Sanskrit language, "Patta" literally means "cloth" and "Chitra" means"picture".Pattachitra is a traditional painting of Odisha, India. These paintings ar

e based on Hindu mythology and specially inspired by Jagannath and Vaishnava

cult.

=> All colours used in the Paintings are natural and paintings are made fully old

traditional way by Chitrakaras that is Oriya Painter.

=> Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms o

f Odisha.

=> The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words patta, meaning ca

nvas, and chitra, meaning picture.

=> Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colou

rful application, creative motifs and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mo

stly mythological in depiction.

=> The traditions of pattachitra paintings are more than thousand years old.


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# # Mattu pongal

=> Mattu Pongal is an Indian festival celebrated on the day following the Ponga

l festival (festival of first harvests) or the Makar Sankranti festival. Though thename of the festival is specific to Tamil Nadu , in India, it is also celebrated in o

ther southern states such as Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka .

=> Mattu Pongal is for celebration of the cattle, particularly cows and bulls that

play a vital role by working hard to help the farmers to raise crops on their field

s, falls on the following day, 15 January. The festival is also observed by ethnic

Tamil population of Sri Lanka.

=> Observance of Mattu Pongal is part of the Pongal festival. Pongal is generally a four-day festival of fervent celebrations (during 2010, it will be held from 1

3 to 16 January) marking the officially declared Tamil New Year day, the begin

ning of the month of Thai starting with 14 January every year, as per Tamil Cale

ndar .

Bhogi pongal

==> The first day is called Bhogithe last day of Dhanurmas (month of Sagittarius ), a preparatory day before the Pongal and is in honour of god Indra, the ki

ng of heaven. On this day it is spring cleaning, as people decorate their homes, b

uy new vessels and burn old and unwanted items. Perum pongal

=>=> the main festival, also called the Perum Pongal (big festival), is the secon

d day when the Sun is worshipped signifying the first day of the month of Maka

ra or Capricornus. It is celebrated as Makara Sankranti or simply "Sankranti" in

the rest of the country.

Mattu ponal=>=> This is followed by the 'Mattu Pongal celebration on the third

day when bulls, cows and other farm animals are worshipped.

Kannum pongal =>=> The fourth day is the 'Kannum Pongal' or 'Kanru Pongal'

(Calf Pongal) festival when calves are fed. However, the name 'Kannum' also de

notes that on this day people visit elders in the villages or towns seeking their bl

essings.


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# # History of makar sankranti

=> Makara Sankranti is a Hindu festival celebrated in almost all parts of India a

nd Nepal in a myriad of cultural forms. It is a harvest festival. It is the Hindi/Indo-Aryan languages name for Makara Sankranthi (still used in southern areas as t

he official name).

=> Makar Sankranti marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Mak

ara rashi (Capricorn) on its celestial path. The day is also believed to mark the a

rrival of spring in India and is a traditional. => Makara Sankranti is a solar event

making one of the few Indian festivals which fall on the same date in the Grego

rian calendar every year: 14 January, with some exceptions when the festival iscelebrated on 13 or 15 January.

=> The importance of this day has been signified in the ancient epics like Maha

bharata also. So, apart from socio- geographical importance, this day also holds

a historical and religious significance.

=> As it is the festival of Sun God and he is regarded as the symbol divinity and

wisdom, the festival also holds an eternal meaning to it.

# # trace the history of KHAP PANCHAYATs ?

=> In ancient times, The mode of governance was that of a council of five, whic

h was called a Panchayat .

=> The forms of governing society are that of the Sabha, which mean "gatherin

g" and "assembly", respectively. The Sabhapati, the president of the Sabha, was

an elected official.

=> In the texts of Pini and later Buddhist texts, references to 16 republics or

Great Republics Janapadas can be found, with these references dating back to ar

ound 600 BCE (conventional dating).

=> The republics referred to as the Yaudheyas, Malls etc. are documented as do

minating the Northern Indian landscape in what is now Punjab , Sindh , Rajasth

an , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . The Sarv Khap (or all Khap) Panchayat (counc

il) represented all the Khaps.


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=> The individual Khaps would elect leaders who would send delegates, who w

ould represent the Khaps at the Sarv Khap level. It was a political organization,

composed of all the clans, communities, and castes in the region. The republics

of the Yaudheyas who dominated this region from 600 BCE to 400 CE preceded it.

=> After the fall of Kushan Empire northwest India was divided into small repu

blics. These small republics could not defend against invaders. So there were for

med federations of republics known as Ganasanghas, janapada, pal etc. One of t

he terms used to denote the republic was the 'Khap'.

=> The Khap consisted a unit of 84 villages. The individual villages were gover

ned by an elected Council, which was known as the Panchayat .=> A unit of seven villages was called a Thamba and 12 Thambas would form t

he unit of 84 villages, though Khaps of 12 and 24 villages existed. Their elected

leaders would determine which units would be represented at the Khap level.

=> These Khaps are found to be spread all the way from Northwest India down

to Madhya Pradesh , Malwa, Rajasthan , Sindh , Multan, Punjab, Haryana, and

modern Uttar Pradesh

# # Maulana Azad Sehat Scheme ?

*** Launched by The Union Ministry of Minority Affairs for welfare of Minorities.*** Sehat Cardwould be issued to every student of the Institution financially aided

by MAEF.*** Preventive Health Check-up Camps would be organized by the Institute twice in

a year, through Government/Private Hospitals/ Nursing Homes.*** All findings of the Preventive Health Checkups will be entered in the Sehat Card o

f the student by the Doctors.*** In exceptional and deserving cases for serious ailments, the poor students belon

ging to notified minorities would be provided financial assistance for treatment in Go

vernment/Recognized Hospitals.*** Serious ailments viz. Kidney, Heart, Liver, Cancer, Brain, Knee surgery and Spinal

surgery or any other life threatening diseases would be covered.


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*** Dispensary/Health Care Centre is to be set up in the educational institutions (Sch

ool) to provide daily medical facilities to the students studying in the educational inst

itutions funded/aided by MAEF.

# # what is Erythropoiesis ?

=> erythropoesis is derived from two Greek words erythro-red blood,poesis-to

make, the formation of red blood corpuscles in the bone marrow is called erythr

opoesis...

=> the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow=> it is stimulated by decrsd O2 in circulation which is detectd by the kidney's...

nd it is a red blood cells

# # what r Chalcophile elements ?

=> These are forming the sulfides and arsenides form minerals which are not sta

ble at the high temperatures of igneous crystallization. these elements are found

in granites and pegmatitesmolybdenite (MoS2) is an example. More frequentl

y they are removed from the crystallizing magma as hot aqueous solution.

# # who was C. F. Andrews ?

=> Christian missionary ... charles freer andrews

=> he is well known as DEENBANDHU for his social service

# # which were the newspapers edited/founded by Annie Besant ?

=> New India and Commanwealh


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# # Bayyaram mines ,,,where r they..y were they in news /?

=> itz an iron ore mining site in GUMMAM/ Khammam distt of andhra pradesh

... recently, d site was allocated to VIZAG STEEL PLANT (VSP) .. but telenga

na people protested to it by saying dat VSP is a manufacturing unit of other regi

on...

# # largest lake in South America ?=> lake Titicaca

# # what is RHEOLOGY ?

=> study of flow properties f solid and semisolid ; deals with the deformation an

d flow of matter, especially the non-Newtonian flow of liquids and the plastic fl

ow of solids.

# # Customs Union ?

=> A customs union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade ar

ea with a common external tariff .

=> The participant countries set up common external trade policy, but in some

cases they use different import quotas .

=> Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

=> Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing econo

mic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the me

mber countries.

=> It is the third stage of economic integration. Customs unions are established t

hrough trade pacts.


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# # National Transport Development Policy Committee (NTDPC) ?

=> The Government of India has set up a High Level National Transport Development Policy Committee to create a policy environment that encourages compet

itive pricing and coordination between alternative modes of transport in order to

provide an integrated and sustainable transport system.

=> The framework that national governments provide for the transport sector lar

gely determines the level of cost and efficiency in transport operations.

=> The Committee will be chaired by Dr. Rakesh Mohan in an honorary capacit

y, with the rank of Minister of State.=> The members of the Committee include Secretaries of all the Ministries asso

ciated with the development of transportation along with the leading experts in t

he field.

# # Shri Prokash Karmakar ?

Prokash Karmakar (193324 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist from Kolkata , West Bengal . His work is in the permanent collection

of a number of museums and galleries throughout India, including the Nat

ional Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi and he is the recipient of numero

us awards. Karmakar is best known for his landscapes and nudes , which

are generally painted

in vibrant colors with bold lines and intricate textures. His paintings reflect his perception and interpretation of nature (both orderly and chaotic), li

fe (both rural and urban), and form (from soft to sharp), without reference

to religion.

# # Third - Line Theraphy ?

=> When a person is diagnosed with cancer, the oncologist (a doctor who specia


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lizes in treating people with cancer) recommends a treatment plan that is most li

kely to have the greatest benefits and the fewest risks or side effects.

=> That initial treatment, called first-line treatment or first-line therapy, is usual

ly chosen based on what worked best in clinical trials for patients with the sametype and stage of cancer.

=> However, every person responds differently to treatment. If your first-line tr

eatment does not work, starts but then stops working, or causes serious side effe

cts, your oncologist may recommend a second-line treatment (also called secon

d-line therapy), which is a different treatment that is likely to be effective. => In

some cases, you may be a candidate for third-line therapy or additional rounds

of treatment after that.

# # new Corporate Governance norms ?

=> The new corporate governance norms would become applicable for all listed

companies with effect from 1 October 2014. The new corporate governance nor

ms issued are in line with the global practices and in accordance with the Companies Act, 2013.

Guidelines of new corporate governance-------!>

Exclusion of nominee Director from the definition of Independent Director

Performance evaluation of Independent Directors and the Board of Directors

Prohibition of stock options to Independent Directors

Separate meeting of Independent Directors

It has been decided that the maximum number of Boards an independent direct

or can serve on listed companies be restricted to 7 and 3 in case the person is ser

ving as a whole time director in a listed company

To restrict the total tenure of an Independent Director to 2 terms of 5 years. Ho

wever, if a person who has already served as an Independent Director for 5 year

s or more in a listed company as on the date on which the amendment to Listing

Agreement becomes effective, he shall be eligible for appointment for one mor

e term of 5 years only.


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Compulsory whistle blower mechanism

At least one woman director on the Board of the company

Constitution of Stakeholders Relationship Committee

Enhanced disclosure of remuneration policies Mandatory constitution of Nomination and Remuneration Committee. Chairm

an of the said committees shall be independent.

Expanded role of Audit Committee

Prior approval of Audit Committee for all material Related Party Transactions

(RPTs)

Approval of all material RPTs by shareholders through special resolution with

related parties abstaining from voting The scope of the definition of RPT has been widened to include elements of C

ompanies Act..

# # e-Wallet scheme of IRCTC

=> Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) launched E- Wallet Scheme in the second week of February 2014.

=> The scheme was launched to make payment process fast and to reduce transa

ction failures due to bank payment related problems.

=> Under the scheme, user can deposit money in advance with IRCTC and the

money can be used as payment option along with other payment options availab

le on IRCTC website for the payment at the time of booking tickets.

# # Target Accelerator Programme ?

=> The accelerator programme will incubate five technology startups - turntable

and image processing software company Turnaround Innovision, in-app, two-w

ay communication venture Konotor and work-flow management services provid

er muHive.

=> The four-month programme, which will be incubated at Target India's office


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in Bangalore, is focused on incubating startups operating in the areas of mobile,

content, social, search, data and analytics.

=> The Target Accelerator Programme is the latest incubator initiative launched

in India by global multinationals, as they look to tap the country's growing startup ecosystem

# # Astrakhan

=> Astrakhan' is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrativ

e center of Astrakhan Oblast.=> The city lies on two banks of the Volga River , close to where it discharges i

nto the Caspian Sea at an altitude of 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level.

=> The oldest economic and cultural center of the Lower Volga, it is often calle

d the southernmost outpost of Russia and the Caspian capital.

=> The city is a member of the Eurasian Regional Office of the World Organiza

tion "United Cities and Local Governments" Its population is diverse and includ

es one hundred ethnicities and fourteen religious denominations.=> The city is located in the upper part of the Volga delta , on eleven islands of

the Caspian Depression

# # Maulana hasrat mohani

=> Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a Romantic Poet of Urdu language, journalist,

politician, parliamentarian of British India, besides a being a part of the Indian I

ndependence Movement .

=> The real name of Maulana was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan. Hasrat was his pen nam

e which he used in the Urdu poetry and the word Mohani refers to the native pla

ce of Mohan where he was born.Hasrat Mohani participated in the struggle for I

ndian Independence (end of British Raj ); and was jailed for many years by Briti

sh authorities.

=> He was the second person ( first person was Swatantryaveer Savarkar , who


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demanded 'Complete Independence' in 1900) in Indian History who demanded '

Complete Independence' (Azadi-e-Kaamil) in 1921 as he presided over an annu

al session of All India Muslim League.

=> He was not only a practising Muslim but also a strong supporter of the communist philosophy, as he could see that the British could be defeated by followi

ng its principles.

=> The famous slogan of Indian freedom fighters Inquilab Zindabadwas coined

by Hasrat Mohani himself.

# # Feel india

=> Feel India 's mission is to enrich and enliven people's lives by making family

holidays a part of their lifestyle. At Feel India , we endeavor to become the No.

1 Lifetime Holiday Company in Central India.

# # Thrombosis

=> Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel , obstructin

g the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injur

ed, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to pre

vent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form i

n the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel

around the body is known as an embolus .

# # Causes-------->

In classical terms, thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the f

ollowing ( Virchow's triad ): The composition of the blood ( hypercoagulability

or thrombophilia)

Quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury)

Nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence)

# # Treatment----------->

=> Coumarins, Vitamin K antagonists , are anticoagulants that can be taken oral


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ly to reduce thromboembolic occurrence.

=> Where a more effective response is required, heparin can be given (by injecti

on) concomitantly.

=> As a side effect of any anticoagulant, the risk of bleeding is increased, so theinternational normalized ratio of blood is monitored.

=> Self-monitoring and self-management are safe options for competent patient

s, though their practice varies.

# # Model school scheme

=> The Model School scheme was launched in November 2008 in pursuance to

the announcement of the Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech of 200

7.

=> The scheme aims to provide quality education to talented rural children thro

ugh setting up of 6,000 model schools as benchmark of excellence at block level

at the rate of one school per block.

=> The scheme has the following objectives:i. To have at least one good quality senior secondary school in every block.

ii. To have a pace setting role

iii. To try out innovative curriculum and pedagogy

iv. To be a model in infrastructure, curriculum, evaluation and school governanc

e

# # Kalamassery

=> Kalamassery is a suburb of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the Distri

ct of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrializ

ation with several factories and IT companies. Thrikkakara temple , Cochin Uni

versity of Science and Technology and Eloor industrial township are in the vicin

ity of Kalamassery. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.


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****Places of interest----------->>>>

=> Museum of Kerala History has representations of 87 figures who shaped the

history and culture of Kerala in the last two thousand years.

=> The museum has a collection of 150 dolls, all hand made and detailed, representing the cultural and ethnic diversity of India.

=> The dolls represent young men and women from Gujarat to Nagaland and fr

om Kashmir to Kanyakumari . => The gallery depicts mainly specimens of Indi

an Contemporary Art (Painting and Sculpture) over a period of the last two hun

dred years. The gallery also displays a mural painting based on the classical San

skrit drama Shakuntalam] executed in the traditional Kerala. The mural, at 25 ft

long and 5 ft wide is one of the largest in Kerala.

# # National pension scheme

=> The National Pension System (NPS) is a defined contribution based pension

system launched by Government of India with effect from 1 January 2004. Like

most other developing countries, India did not have A Universal Social SecuritySystem to protect the elderly against economic deprivation.

=> As a first step towards instituting pension reforms, Government of India mo

ved from a defined benefit pension to a defined contribution based pension syste

m. Apart from offering wide gamut of investment options to employees, this sch

eme would help government of India to reduce its pension liabilities.

=> Unlike existing pension fund of Government of India that offered assured be

nefits, NPS has defined contribution and individuals can decide where to invest

their money.

=> The scheme is structured into two tiers:

Tier-I account: This NPS account does not allow premature withdrawal and is a

vailable to all citizens from 1 May 2009.

Tier-II account: This NPS account permits withdrawal for exceptional reasons o

nly, prior to the retirement age.


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# # TROPEX

=> largest war drills of Indian Navy spread over Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and

the Bay of Bengal region and involving its frontline assets such as INS Chakraand 75 combat and surveillance aircraft.

=> The Navy's major annual exercise Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exer

cise (TROPEX) involving large scale naval manoeuvres in all three dimensions

surface, air and underwater, across the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and the Indi

an Ocean Region (IOR).

=> Around 60 ships and submarines along with 75 aircraft took part in this exer

cise, which saw participation of units from Air Force and Coast Guard.=> The exercise also saw the maiden participation by the newly acquired P 8I L

ong Range Maritime Patrol aircraft and the nuclear submarine, Chakra.

=> The exercise also provided the Navy with an opportunity to validate its netw

ork centric warfare capabilities, with effective utilisation of its recently launche

d satellite GSAT-7.

# # Indian maritime university

=> The Indian Maritime University ( IMU ) is a Central University, that was est

ablished by an Act of the Indian Parliament namely the Indian Maritime Univer

sity Act 2008, on 14 November 2008. It is the only university in the country im

parting education in the maritime field. It has an All- India jurisdiction and the h

eadquarters is at Chennai. It has campuses at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Visak

hapatnam, Cochin and Kandla Port.

=> Vice Chancellor of the University is Ashok Vardhan Shetty, IAS.

=> Chancellor V. Krishnamurthy

# # SMS gateway of indian railway

=> will enable passengers to get free SMS alerts on the status of reserved tickets


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. Previously, the SMS alerts were sent only when the booking was made. Any u

pdate on wait list position or berth confirmation were not sent via SMS.

# # BIMSTEC

=> The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co

operation ( BIMSTEC) is an international organisation involving a group of cou

ntries in South Asia and South East Asia . These are: Bangladesh, India , Myan

mar , Sri Lanka, Thailand , Bhutan and Nepal.

=> On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and given the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic

Cooperation).

=> BIMSTEC has Fourteen priority sectors cover all areas of cooperation. * Tra

nsport and Communication, led by India

* Counter-Terrorism and Transnational Crime, led by India

* Environment and Natural Disaster Management, led by India

=> BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship. 2011.Nepal formally took over the new Chairmanship as on 4 March 2014.Sumith Nakandala o

f Sri Lanka became the first Secretary General of BIMSTEC

# # The Ahoms

=> The Ahom people of Assam are the descendants of the ethnic Tai people that

accompanied the Tai prince Sukaphaa into the Brahmaputra valley in 1228 and

ruled the area for six centuries.

=> Sukaphaa and his followers established the Ahom kingdom (12281826) and

the Ahom dynasty ruled and expanded the kingdom until the British gained con

trol of the region through the Treaty of Yandabo upon winning the First Anglo-

Burmese War in 1826.

=> The kingdom established by the Ahom people gave Assam its name.


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# # Anup talao

=> A ornamental pool with a central platform and four bridges leading up to it.Some of the important buildings of the royal enclave are surround by it includin

g, Khwabgah (House of Dreams) Akbar's residence, Panch Mahal , a five-storey

palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Ankh Michauli and the Astro

loger's Seat, in the south-west corner of the Pachisi Court.

# # Pampa in ramayna

=> Pampa Sarovar is a lake in Koppal district near Hampi in Karnataka . To the

south of the Tungabhadra River , it is considered sacred by Hindus and is one of

the five sacred sarovars , or lakes in India.

=> In Hindu mythology Pampa Sarovar is regarded as the place where Pampa, a

form of Shiva's consort Parvati, performed penance to show her devotion to Shi

va .=> It is also one of the Sarovar's that finds a mention in the Hindu epic, Ramaya

na as the place where Shabari , a devotee of Rama waited for the arrival of Ram.

# # Kamarup

Kmarpa, was the first historical kingdom in Assam , existing from 350 to 114

0 CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present-day Guwahati and

Tezpur , it covered the entire Brahmaputra river valley, North Bengal and parts

of Bangladesh.

=> Though the historical kingdom disappeared by 12th century to be replaced b

y smaller political entities, the notion of Kamarupa persisted and ancient and me

dieval chroniclers continued to call this region by this name. The name of this ki

ngdom survives in Kamrup, a present-day district in Assam.


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# # Chandidas

=> Chandidas refers to (possibly more than one) medieval poet of Bengal . Over 1250 poems related to the love of Radha and Krishna in Bengali with the bhan

ita of Chandidas are found with three different sobriquets along with his name,

Bau, Dvija and Dina as well as without any sobriquet also.

=> It is not clear whether these bhanitas actually refer to the same person or not

.

=> It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in t

he name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas, who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the bhanitas

.

=> It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta Bau Chandidas, wh

o has been more or less identified as a historical figure born in the 14th century i

n Birbhum district of the present-day West Bengal state and wrote the lyrical Sri

krishna Kirtan (Songs in praise of Krishna ).

# # Niyoga

=> Niyoga is an ancient Hindu tradition, in which a woman (whose husband is e

ither incapable of fatherhood or has died without having a child) would request

and appoint a person for helping her bear a child.

=> According to this Hindu tradition the man who was appointed must be or wo

uld most likely be a revered person.

# # Brahmvadini

=> Brahmavadini or "an expounder of the Veda " are those women who compos

ed any hymns of the Vedas The prominent among them were Lopamudra , Vish

wawara, Sikta, Ghosha and Maitreyi.


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=> Maitreyi, (the wife of Yajnavalkya ) is accredited with about ten hymns in R

ig Veda

=> Two sukta s (hymns) of the tenth Mandala (book) of Rigveda , 39 and 40, ea

ch containing 14 verses, have been attributed to Ghosha.=> The first hymn praises the Ashvins. The second hymn is a personal wish exp

ressing her intimate feelings and desires for married life.

=> Lopamudra was the wife of the sage Agastya . A hymn in the Rigveda is attr

ibuted to her.

# # Nathpantis

=> The Natha Sampradaya is traditionally divided into twelve streams or Panths

. According to David Gordon White, these panthas were not really a subdivisio

n of a monolithic order, but rather an amalgamation of separate groups descende

d from either Matsyendranath , Gorakshanath or one of their students.

=> However, there have always been many more Natha sects than will convenie

ntly fit into the twelve formal panths . Thus less populous sannyasin sub-sects such as the Adinath Sampradaya or Nandinatha Sampradaya are typically either i

gnored or amalgamated into one or another of the formal panths

=> According to the Shri Amrit Nath Ashram website, the twelve Natha Panthi

are as follows:

Satya natha, Dharam natha, Daria natha, Ayi Panthia, Vairaga kea, Rama ke, Ka

pilani , Ganga nathi Mannathi, Rawal ke, Paava panth, Paagala panthi

# # Nay pyi taw

=> the capital city of Burma, also known as Myanmar. It is administered as the

Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution . Much of this planne

d city is still under construction, which was set to be completed by around 2012.

=> Nay Pyi Daw is generally translated as "royal capital", "seat of the king" or "

abode of kings".

=> Traditionally, it was used as a suffix to the names of royal capitals, such as


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Mandalay, which was called ( Yadanabon Naypyidaw ). The name literally mea

ns "royal city of the sun" in Burmese .

# # Boro cultivation

=> In the Past farmers grow Paddy once a year but now the farmers have come

forward to cultivate this type of Boro Paddy, as it increase the Crop Production.

As yield 0f Boro Paddy is 4-5 MT Per Hectare.

=> In the Lower Altitude Areas Boro Paddy cultivation is taken up. This techniq

ue was done after harvest of Kharif Paddy in the same field.=> Boro Paddy is cultivated mostly at Umkiang, Lakroh, Hawai Bhoi, Hawai S

utnga under Khliehriat and Amlarem SubDivision. Sowing of Paddy Seed sta

rt from the month of NovemberDecember, Transplanting of seedling during t

he month of February and harvesting during May / June.

=> It was observed that growing of Paddy twice a year give more hope for incre

ase the Crop Production.

# # LAXATIVE

=> Laxatives ( purgatives, aperients) are foods , compounds and/or drugs that fa

cilitate or increase bowel movements .

=> They are most often used to treat constipation. Certain stimulant , lubricant a

nd saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and/or bowel exami

nations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances.

=> Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea .

=> Foods that help with laxation include fruits, especially banana ,kiwifruit and

prunes , bran products, aloe vera , blackstrap molasses , pear , and nuts (especial

ly almonds and walnuts ).

# # what r STRUCTURAL metals ?


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=> a profile , formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards

of chemical composition and mechanical properties

# # Milk of Magnesia ?

=> Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula

of hydrated Mg(OH) 2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magn

esia because of its milk-like appearance.

=> A common component of antacids and laxatives

# # peninsula of Ukraine

=> a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost comp

letely surrounded by water. The peninsula is located just south of the Ukrainian

mainland and west of the Russian region of Kuban.=> It is surrounded by two seas: the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to t

he east. It is connected with the Ukrainian mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop

and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch .

=> The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast; a narrow strip of land that separat

es a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov .

# # important rivers of Western Asia ?

=> the Tigris and Euphrates,

# # Jaunpur is famous for ?

=> Famous Imarti , a sweet like jalebi made from urad

=> Jaunpuri Mooli , a daikon (radish) that grow up to four feet long

=> oil and Perfumes, or itra (in Urdu)

# # Who is knwn as the Adikavi ?


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=> Adikavi is Valmiki

=> Valmiki is a sage of an excellent power of pen and wisdom. He is called Adi

kavi since the moment he cursed an hunter on killing Kraunch bird in a totally o

riginal chhandas.=> In Kannada ------ Adikavi is Pampa=> -one of the greatest Kannada poets of

all time. He was born either in Annigeri or Banavasi, in modern Karnataka state,

or in Vemulavada, in modern Andhra Pradesh, and was the court poet of Chalu

kya King Arikesari, a Rashtrakuta feudatory.

=> In telgu--------Nannaya=> He is also known as Adi Kavi in recognition of hi

s great literary work.The first treatise on Telugu grammar, the "Andhra Shabda

Chintamani" was written in Sanskrit by Nannayya , who was considered first poet and translator of Telugu in the 11th century A.D.

# # Anguttara Nikaya .

=> The Anguttara Nikaya (literally "Increased by One Collection," also translat

ed "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture, the

fourth of the five nikayas , or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka , which is one of the "three baskets" that comprise the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism. => Th

is nikaya consists of several thousand discourses ascribed to the Buddha and his

chief disciples arranged in eleven nipatas, or books, according to the number of

dhamma items referenced in them.

# # Maitreya

=> Maitreya is a bodhisattva who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth,

achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma .

=> According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor of the historic kyam

uni Buddha . The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time when the

Dharma will have been forgotten by most on Jambudvipa .

=> It is found in the canonical literature of all major Buddhist schools ( Therav

da , Mahyna , Vajrayna ), and is accepted by most Buddhists as a statement a

bout an event that will take place when the Dharma will have been mostly forgo


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tten on Earth.

# # what was the symbol of Rishabhnatha , Parsvanatha nd Neminatha ?

Rishabhnath -- Bull

Parshvanath -- Serpent

Neminath-- Conch

# # Girnar inscription ?

=> one of the notable inscription during Ashoka's reign....=> Girnar inscriptions bring with it the story of James PrincepIndias most su

ccessful British scholar. Twenty years old James Princep arrived in India in 181

9 as an Assay-Master of a mint. He was well educated in Chemistry, Mechanics

and useful sciences. His outstanding traits were his habit of exactness and minut

e attention to details.

# # what r BORRA Caves knwn for >?

=> The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu (in Telugu language Borra mea

ns something that has bored into the ground and guhalu means caves), are loca

ted on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku valley (with

hill ranges elevation varying from 800 m (2,624.7 ft) to 1,300 m (4,265.1 ft)) of

the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh.

=> The Caves, one of the largest in the country, at an elevation of about 705 m (

2,313.0 ft), distinctly exhibit a variety of impressive speleothems (pictured) ran

ging from very small to big and irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites.

=> The Caves are basically Karstic limestone structures extending to a depth of

80 m (262.5 ft) (considered the deepest cave in India).

# # what is SORTEX ?


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=> Sortex is an optical sorting machine that can automatically grade and sort ric

e grains, thus sorting and providing good quality grains.

# # Poonam RaUT ?

=> Poonam Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in 28 wo

men's one-day internationals and 27 Twenty20 internationals for India .

# # Five Dhyani Buddhas

=> In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Dhyani Buddhas , also known as the Five

Wisdom Tathgatas, the Five Great Buddhas and the Five Jinas ( Sanskrit for "conqueror" or "victor"), are representations of the five qualities of the Buddha .

=> The term "dhyani-buddha" is first recorded in English by the British Residen

t in Nepal, Brian Hodgson , in the early 19th century, and is unattested in any su

rviving traditional primary sources.

=> These five Buddhas are a common subject of Vajrayana mandalas .

=> These five Buddhas are the primary object of worship and meditation in Shi

ngon Buddhism, a school of Vajarayana Buddhism founded in Japan by Kkai .

# # largest artificial lake in Asia ?

=> Bhojtal , formerly known as Upper Lake is a large lake which lies on the We

stern side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh , Bhopal.

=> It is a major source of drinking water for the residents of the city, serving ar

ound 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million imperial gallons (140,000 m 3

) of water per day.

=> Bada talaab, along with the nearby Chhota Talaab , meaning small lake in H

indi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.

# # where is the Sattal Lake nd its pecularity ?


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=> Sattal or Sat Tal (Hindi for "seven lakes") is an interconnected group of seve

n freshwater lakes situated in the Lower Himalayan Range near Bhimtal , a tow

n of the Nainital district in Uttarakhand, India . During the British Raj , the area

had a tea plantation, one of four in the Kumaon area at that time.=> The lakes sit at an altitude of 1370 metres below lush orchards in the Mehra

gaon valley.

=> Set amongst dense forests of oak and pine trees, Sattal is one of the few unsp

oiled and unpolluted freshwater biomes in India.

=> These lakes are a paradise for migratory birds . It is home to a few camps bei

ng operated mostly by local people catering to tourists looking for outdoor vacat

ions.

# # Prairies

=> Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savanna

s, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, mo

derate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.

=> Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, Brazil and Ur

uguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia .

=> Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America . The ter

m encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of the United State

s, Canada and Mexico , which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wett

er, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most

or all of the states of North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , and Ok

lahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana , Wyoming , Colorado, New

Mexico , Texas , Missouri, Iowa, Illinois , Indiana , Wisconsin , and western an

d southern Minnesota .

=> The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occ

upy vast areas of Manitoba , Saskatchewan , and Alberta.

# # what is knwn as the VELDT ?


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=> The term veld , sometimes anachronistically spelled veldt in English, is a ge

neric term used to define certain wide open rural spaces of Southern Africa. It is

used in particular to refer to flatter areas or districts covered in grass or low scr

ub, especially in South Africa, Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia .=> A certain sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa has been offic

ially defined as the Bushveld by the World Wide Fund for Nature .

=> Wildfires are common in the veld and are referred to as "veld fires".

# # what r RANCHES ?

=> A ranch is an area of landscape , including various structures, given primaril

y to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cat

tle or sheep for meat or wool. The word most often applies to livestock-raising o

perations in Mexico , the western United States and Canada , though there are ra

nches in other areas. People who own or operate a ranch are called ranchers , or

stockgrowers .

=> Ranching is also a method used to raise less common livestock such as elk,American bison or even ostrich , emu, and alpacas .

# # Mount St. Helens ?

=> it is a stratovalcano located in skamania country in washington....This volcan

o is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a seg

ment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This v

olcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.

# # Who-sear ?

=> World health organisation south east asia region .. Primary focus on improve

ment of potable water supply... india is its director


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Sharing of Knowledg

ias our dream notes -> part 6

Documents

state of isostasy

narmadatapib godavarinarmada

rivers godavari

tapimahanadid narmadatapi

dream notes compilations

sharing of knowledge

cover area

certain area of lithosphere