i4d manufacturing industry perspective final · i4d –a manufacturing industry perspective ground...
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i4D – A MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
GROUND AND AIRBORNE ASPECTS
1
Michel Procoudine – Lionel Rouchouse
Thales
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Significant operational & technological changes being developed
in cooperation with all European ATM Stakeholders
Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) - Objectives
Enabling EU skies
to handle 3 times
more traffic
Improving safety
by a factor of 10
Reducing the
environmental impact
per flight by 10%
Cutting ATM
costs by 50%
4D TRAJECTORY
MANAGEMENT
« Building railway
precision in the sky »
SYSTEM WIDE
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
« Secured Intranet
for ATM »
AUTOMATION
« Human operators
concentrate on high
value-added tasks »
INTEGRATION
OF AIRPORTS
« Airports operations
are fully part of
Trajectory-based ATM »
COLLABORATIVE NETWORK PLANNING
« Integrated with airport operations planning
and airspace user flight planning »
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Moving from Airspace to 4D Trajectory Management
• 3D Position & Time - all phases of flight, all stakeholders
• The trajectory requested by the Users is called
“business/mission trajectory” and becomes the trajectory
that the ANSP agrees to facilitate and the Airspace User
agrees to fly.
• A common view of the trajectory is shared between air and
ground stakeholders
• The trajectory supports better predictability and automation
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Step 1: Time-Based
Operations -> 2025
• Time prioritisation for
arrivals at airport is
initiated
• Datalink is widely used
• Initial trajectory-based
operations are deployed
through the use of
airborne trajectories (by
ground systems), and a
Controlled Time of
Arrival (CTA) to
sequence traffic and
manage queue
Step 2: Trajectory Based
Operations -> 2030
• 4D-based trajectory
management using
System Wide
Information
Management (SWIM)
• Air/Ground trajectory
exchange to enable
tactical planning and
conflict-free route
segments
The 3 SESAR Concept Steps
Step 3: Performance-Based
Operations -> 2030+
• Achievement of SWIM
• Collaboratively planned
network operations with
User Driven Prioritisation
Processes (UDPP)
Step focused on
flight efficiency,
predictability and
the environment
Step 3 achieves the
European High
Performance,
integrated, network-
centric, collaborative
and seamless
air/ground ATM systemAdds capacity to
Step 1
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The Initial 4D concept
14:02:43
13:55:20
14:06:40
14:11:58
FAFIAFMetering Fix(MF)
TOD
Weather forecast from AOC (Airline Operations Center)
ADS-C
CPDLC
initiation
EPP with 4DT
2D Route
ClearanceEPP with 4DT
AMAN Arrival HORIZON
ETA min/max request on MF
ETA max = 14:03:56
ETA min = 13:47:36
ETA min/max
CTA = 14:00:49 (Controlled Time of Arrival)
CTA constraint
EPP with 4DT
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ADS-C EPP Report and Min-Max ETA Report
• FMS computes Optimum Flight Profile = User Preferred/Optimum Trajectory
– Flight crew loads updated meteorological data for the flight route
– FMS uses aircraft performance data, aircraft sensor data, forecasted and sensed
weather data, flight trajectory data and ATC constraints.
• Aircraft downlinked 4DTrajectory (ADS-C EPP) includes:
– Waypoints (lateral and vertical), TOD, TOC
• Altitude, time, and speed predictions
• Aircraft Gross weight
– Constraints in the flight plan (altitude, speed, time)
– Fuel-Optimum descent speed schedule
– Performance data that enhances the predictions on the ground
– Min-Max ETA not part of downlinked 4DTrajectory, separate report
• ETA range at waypoints specified by ATC, computed by FMS using fastest/slowest speeds
• Aircraft in FMS managed mode (LNAV/VNAV) accurately flies the predicted 4DT
– Reduced uncertainty on the aircraft position
– Reduced fuel usage, emissions and noise via more efficient descent profiles.
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i4D – Benefits
• Gain Accuracy and Predictability– ETA and RTA are tools to improve predictability of flights
– Trajectory downlinks provide TOD, TOC knowledge to the ground
– Constraint on time of arrival and predictability of flight enables • improved strategic control of traffic,
• reduced need for holding patterns
• Improved Airspace Capacity
– Coordinated trajectory enables better airspace throughput and optimization on most
demanding and congested airspace.
– i4D enables ATC to anticipate sequencing to the merge point, thus improving
predictability and throughput in a very constrained environment
• Improve Safety– Reduced frequency congestion with the use of datalink communication
– Enhanced conflict detection via shared knowledge of predicted flight trajectories
• Reduce environmental impact
– 4D Control enables Continuous Descent Arrival (CDA) / Optimal Profile Descent
(OPD) during higher density operations.
– Reduced fuel, reduced emissions and reduced noise through optimum flight
trajectories, more efficient descent profiles.
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i4D – A comprehensive validation approach
– Validation campaigns in three iterations,
running through 2011 - 2015
– A combination of validation techniques
• Coupled Real-Time Simulations,
connected with Airbus Cockpit
simulator
• Local Real-time simulations
• Flight trials with A320 Test aircraft
– All exercises using ATN A/G Data Link for
CPDLC and ADS-C
– Mixed fleet scenarios
A potential for early applications
A stepping stone towards trajectory based operationsi4D
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Danish airspace
MUAC airspace(Maastricht Upper Area Control)
• 3 countries
• Operational control by 4 ATC centres (Maastricht, Copenhagen, Malmö, Stockholm)
Swedish airspace
Operational environment
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MUAC airspace(Maastricht Upper Area Control)
• Sweden and Denmark associated
• Initial 4D operations managed with
2 SESAR pre-operational systems (Maastricht and Malmö)
Merge of Swedish
and Danish airspaces
Airspace considered for the flight
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Flight Plan
7h307h30
9h45
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Flight Plan
10h0010h00
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Flight Plan
10h15
11h10
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Flight Plan
13h15
14h00
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Flight Plan
14h15
15h0015h00
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17h30
15h1515h15
Flight Plan
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En Route (2)
Approach (4)(Copenhagen and Stockholm)
i4D operations tested in two types of
phases of flight
i4D operations
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i4D Flight Trial
18
i4D movie
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i4D Simulations
More than 400 hours of simulation and flight testing …
Non-Coupled Sessions Coupled Sessions
Technical Flight Tests SESAR Flight Tests
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ATC Ground Systems Avionics Aircraft
FDP
i4D partners – Who brings what ?
Maastricht Upper Airspace Centre (MUAC)
APP
EN-
ROUTE DataLink
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Flight trial results
• All RTAs made: +4s, -3s, +2s, +7s, +3s and -2s (spec +/- 10s at 95%)
• Datalink exchanges ADS-C and CPDLC messages done correctly
• Ground/Ground coordination done
• Wind/temp & FPLN uplinks by AOC highly appreciated by the flight crew
• Gathered feedback on system behaviour
March 2014
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WHERE ARE WE TODAY WITH i4D/CTA ?
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i4D Cockpit Integration
Avionics A429 link
Electronic Information System (EIS) Displays
Cockpit Display Systems• Engagement of I4D operations• Monitoring of I4D operations
Flight Management System (FMS) Navigation & Guidance)
Flight Management System• I4D Predictions• I4D navigation performance• I4D guidance
Air Traffic Service Unit(ATSU) Communication
Data Communication System• ADS-C application• CPDLC application
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i4D requirements – airborne segment
� Flight Management System• Compliant against EUROCAE / RTCA Standards: WG 85 / SC 227 : DO-
236C / ED 75B (available October 2014)
� Data Communication System (Communication Management Unit / Air Traffic System Unit)• ATN protocol (ED-110 B)• VHF DataLink Mode 2 has to cover all areas where I4D will be used• Compliant against EUROCAE / RTCA Standards: WG 78 / SC 214: DO-
250/ED 228 and DO-351/ED-229 (published)
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i4D Airborne Features
• Improved Time of Arrival Control
• Accuracy +/- 10 seconds with 95% reliability
• Improved Weather Modeling
• 10 wind levels to the FMS wind model (5 levels today)
• 10 temperature levels to the FMS temp model (1 level today)
• Enhanced loading of Wind and Temperature uplinks into the FMS
• Min/Max Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) Function
• Available onboard for any waypoint (RTA FMS page)
• Min/Max ETA reported through ADS-C
• Datalink
• Enhanced FANS capability (Datalink B2) with integrated HMI
• CPDLC: Enhanced Route Clearances & New RTA messages
(1 Sec resolution + tolerance value)
• ADS-C: Downlink of the 4D Trajectory (Demand/Event/Periodic)
Available in the SESAR airborne prototypes !
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Airborne Findings
Demonstrate the
Technology
Assess Operational
Acceptability
Assess Benefits
Standardize (WG85, WG78)
• i4D offers fully-standardised solutions • All validation findings were fed back to EUROCAE & RTCA
• Interoperability is guaranteed.
• “Datalink B2” standards is available (released in May)
• “4DNav “standards will be released in Oct 2014.
• i4D will bring valuable benefits to the airspace users:• RTA is more efficient that holding and path stretching techniques
• i4D has a great potential for improving flight efficiency.
• i4D is well-integrated in the cockpit:• Operational Acceptability has been validated with test pilots,
flight test engineers and airline pilots
• i4D is compatible with current crew operations
• Pilots & Controllers are able to see the concept working
• i4D Technology works:• A/G Datalink & Cockpit Technology tested and demonstrated
• Avionics design is mature and performance was demonstrated
• CTA accuracy +/- 10 seconds with 95% reliability was achieved
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Ground System - main technical enablers/functions
• Modified data link: ATN Baseline 2
– Additional messages
• Enhanced AMAN (Arrival MANager)
– To compute CTA based on ETA min,max
• Modified HMI
– To display CTA related windows, EPP trajectory
• Improved ground Trajectory Prediction
– Optimising the use of EPP
• Inter centres coordination
– via OLDI (On-Line Data Interchange) at first stage
(slightly modified)
– with SWIM
Available in the SESAR ground prototypes !
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Ground Findings
Demonstrate the
Technology
Assess Operational
Acceptability
Assess Benefits
• i4D will bring valuable benefits • The trajectory element of the i4D concept shows promise for future
operations to enhance the trajectory prediction and controller tools
(AMAN, MTCD, CWP, …)
• i4D is well-integrated • Operational Acceptability has been validated with air traffic controllers
• The information in the EPP is greatly appreciated and increases
controller confidence for planning, monitoring and separation
management
• Operations benefits from CTA accuracy +/- 10 seconds with 95%
reliability performance
• i4D Technology works• Evolutions of ATC Ground Systems were developed, tested and
demonstrated
• Design is mature and performance was demonstrated
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Thank you !
i4D
Flying a New Dimension !