9. Economy, Culture and Imperialism, 1850-1914

9.1 Demography 9.2 World Economy of the Nineteenth Century 9.3 Technological Developments 9.4 Science, Philosophy and the Arts 9.5 Imperialism in Africa and Asia

9.1 Demography

Demographic Trends • Population Increase • Medical

improvements • Fertility Crisis • Migration: USA and

Empire

9.2 World Economy of the Nineteenth Century

World Economic Trends • Capitalism • Imperial Possessions • Second Industrial

Revolution

Imperialism • New Motive • Africa • Asia • “Development” >

Trade

First Industrial Revolution • 1740-1850s • Steam • Iron • Textiles

Second Industrial Revolution • 1850s-1950 • Electricity • Steel • Chemicals

9.2.1 Mercantilism to Capitalism

• A shift from the principles of mercantilism to capitalism.

• Mercantilism is typified by the idea of all the wealth of the world is in one circle.

• Trade is zero sum• Trade benefits the mother country• The real goal behind all of this is to

acquire money

• In capitalism we have a different view of the world.

• The view of wealth is transformed.• Wealth is relative, not absolute.• Free trade also means little role for

government.• Moving from trade as a zero sum gain to

trade being mutually beneficial• The purpose of money was about

acquisition

9.3 Technological Developments

Second Industrial Revolution • 1850s-1950 • Electricity • Steel • Chemicals

Steel • Bessemer Process • Eiffel Tower • Railway Stations • Steamships • Machine Guns

9.4 Science, Philosophy and the Arts

Science • Charles Darwin

• On the Origin of Species

• Albert Einstein and Relativity

“Science” • Social Darwinism

• Herbert Spencer • Eugenics

Philosophy • Higher Criticism • Social Gospel • Friedrich Nietzsche

• On the Genealogy of Morality

Arts • Picasso and Cubism • James Joyce and

Ulysses • T.S. Elliot The Waste

Land • Rites of Spring • Arnold Schoenberg

Arts • Picasso and Cubism • James Joyce and

Ulysses • T.S. Elliot The Waste

Land • Rites of Spring

9.5 Imperialism in Africa and Asia

“New Imperialism” • 1830-1914 • New Powers • New Purpose

Tools of Empire • Steamships • Telegraph • Quinine • Maxim Gun

Asia • French Indochina • British India – Opium – British East India

Company • Opium Wars

Imperialism in Africa • Algeria (1830) • Suez Canal (1869) • Berlin Conference

(1885) • “Scramble for Africa”

Meaning of Imperialism • Social Darwinism • Hierarchy of Races • G.F.W. Hegel

Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden, In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.