i. late medieval background ii. italian renaissance art iii. the northern renaissance
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I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 V. Luther and the Reformation VI. Impact of the Reformation. I. Late Medieval Background A. Economic Depression and the Bubonic Plague - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
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I. Late Medieval BackgroundII. Italian Renaissance ArtIII. The Northern RenaissanceIV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517V. Luther and the ReformationVI. Impact of the Reformation
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
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Inc.
I. Late Medieval Background
A. Economic Depression and the
Bubonic PlagueDrought > famine > weakness1347–50 — Plague“Black Death”B. ImpactEnd of medieval economic
systemserfdom > wage labor
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
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II. Italian Renaissance Art
A. The SettingItalian City-States — 5 major:MilanNaplesPapal StatesVeniceFlorenceBankersMedicirule Florence (1434–94)
B. Literary PrecedentsvernacularsDante Alighieri (1265–1321)Divine ComedyGeoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–
1400)Canterbury TalesChristine de Pizan (1365–
c.1430)The Book of the City of
Ladies
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
ears
o n E
duca
tion,
Inc.
II. Italian Renaissance Art
A. The SettingItalian City-States — 5 major:MilanNaplesPapal StatesVeniceFlorenceBankersMedicirule Florence (1434–94)
B. Literary PrecedentsvernacularsDante Alighieri (1265–1321)Divine ComedyGeoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–
1400)Canterbury TalesChristine de Pizan (1365–
c.1430)The Book of the City of Ladies
Ignazio Danti, The Lagoon of Venice
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
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II. Italian Renaissance Art
C. HumanismDefinitionFrancesco Petrarca (1304–74)“Father of Humanism”Latin poetryGiovanni Boccaccio (1313–75)DecameronClassical Revival“The Academy”Marsilio Ficino (1433–99)Pico della Mirandola (1463–94)D. Art
EarlyGiotto (c.1266–1337)Masaccio (1401–28)Sandro Botticelli (1447–1510)Donatello (1386–1466)
High (1500–1530)Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
ears
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Inc.
III. The Northern Renaissance
A. The Influence of PrintingJohann Gutenberg, 1440smovable type
B. Northern Europe
François Rabelais (c.1483–1553)Gargantua and Pantagruel
Michel de Montaigne (1533–92)essaysUlrich von Hutten (1488–1523)National LiteraturesMiguel de Cervantes (1547–
1616)Don Quixote de la ManchaWilliam Shakespeare (1564–
1616)
EnglandElizabeth I (1588–1603)
C. Northern PaintingJan van Eyck (c.1395–1441)e.g. The Arnolfini Wedding
Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528)
Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543)
Hieronymus Bosch (1480–1516)The Garden of Delights
Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c. 1525–69)
D. Northern Humanism
Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466–1536)The Praise of Folly, 1511
Sir Thomas More (1478–1535)Utopia
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
ears
o n E
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Inc.
IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517
A. PapacyBoniface VIII (1294–1303)
Unam Sanctam (1302)
Avignon Papacy (1302–1377)
The Great Schism (1378–1417)Rome v. Avignon
B. Wycliffe and HusJohn Wycliffe (c.1320–84)
John Hus (c.1369–1415)Bohemiaexcommunicated> Council of Constance, 1415> Hussite wars (1419–37)
C. The Conciliar Movement1395, University of Paris
1417—Schism ended
D. Political ChallengesItalian City-States
e.g., Milan
Gallican Church
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
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V. Luther and the Reformation
A. The Search for SalvationAugustiniansTreasury of Merit> IndulgencesFirst Crusade, etc.> Sales of Indulgences1517 — Mainz IndulgenceArchbishop Albert of Mainz—50%Pope Leo X — 50% for St. PetersJohan Tetzel, Dominican monk
> Ninety-Five Theses, 1517
B. Luther’s ChallengeInfallibility of the PopeAuthority of church fathersRole of the clergy“priesthood of all believers”1521 — Imperial Diet, at WormsPeasant revolts
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
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VI. Impact of the ReformationA. The Anglican Church
Henry VIII (1509–47)Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536)annulmentDissolution of the Monasteries
Edward VI (154753)Somerset v. Northumberland
Mary Tudor
B. Protestantism on the Continent
Anabaptism
1499 — Swiss Independence
Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531)John Calvin (1509–64)
Geneva — ConsistoryInstitutes of the Christian
Religion (1536)
C. Catholic ReformationSavonarola (1452–98)Cardinal Ximenes (1437–1517)St. Teresa of Avila (1515–82)
Interior Castle, The Ladder of PerfectionSociety of Jesus (Jesuits)
Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556)
Pope Paul III (1534–49)Council of Trent (1545–63)
Catholic Church LutherSacraments 7 2Authority Bible, traditionsBible onlyIndulgences upheld deniedWorks upheld faith alone
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600
©20
06, P
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Inc.
Fifteenth-century map of Canterbury