C. Johannesson

I. Introduction toAcids & Bases

(p. 453 - 473)

Ch. 15 & 16 - Acids & BasesCh. 15 & 16 - Acids & Bases

C. Johannesson

A. PropertiesA. Properties

electrolytes electrolytes

turn litmus red

sour taste

react with metals to form H2 gas

slippery feel

turn litmus blue

bitter taste

ChemASAP

vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits

ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

ArrheniusArrhenius - In aqueous solution… - In aqueous solution…

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl– •AcidsAcids form hydronium ions (H3O+)

H

HH H H

H

ClClO O

–+

acid

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

ArrheniusArrhenius - In aqueous solution… - In aqueous solution…

•BasesBases form hydroxide ions (OH-)

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

H

H

HH H

H

N NO O–+

H

H

H H

base

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

Brønsted-LowryBrønsted-Lowry

HCl + H2O Cl– + H3O+

•AcidsAcids are proton (H+) donors. •BasesBases are proton (H+) acceptors.

conjugate acidconjugate base

baseacid

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3–

CBCAAB

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base. - can be an acid or a base.

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

CA CBB A

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

F -

H2PO4-

H2O

HF

H3PO4

H3O+

Give the conjugate base for each of the following:

Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H - an acid with more than one H++

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

Br -

HSO4-

CO32-

HBr

H2SO4

HCO3-

Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

C. Johannesson

B. DefinitionsB. Definitions

LewisLewis•AcidsAcids are electron pair acceptors. •BasesBases are electron pair donors.

Lewis base

Lewis acid

C. Johannesson

C. StrengthC. Strength

Strong Acid/BaseStrong Acid/Base• 100% ionized in water• strong electrolyte

- +

HCl

HNO3

H2SO4

HBr

HI

HClO4

NaOH

KOH

Ca(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

C. Johannesson

C. StrengthC. Strength

Weak Acid/BaseWeak Acid/Base• does not ionize completely• weak electrolyte

- +

HF

CH3COOH

H3PO4

H2CO3

HCN

NH3