hypertension english presentation

8/3/2019 Hypertension English Presentation

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Hypertension

Nursing Care Plan

By : Iwan Ridwanudin0811000174



definition

Hypertension is persistent or intermitten elevation of systolic arterial blood pressure above 140 mmHg ordiastolic pressure above 90 mmHg .( M ancia G et al :1983 &http://www.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral)



etiology

Primary Hypertension Causes is not know,that the disease is associated with riskfactors such as :

genetic predispositionstressobesityhigh-sodium diet



etiology

Scondary Hypertension Result from underlyingdisorders that impair blood pressure regulation :

Renal failure,Endocrine problem,Vascular, and neurological disordershypertensive disease of pregnancy (formerlyknown as toxemia)use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.



phatofisiology



sign and symptom

Mild to moderate essential hypertension is usuallyasymptomaticAcc elerated hypertension is associated with:

HeadacheDrowsinessConfusion

Vision disorderNauseaVomiting

H ypertensive En c ephalophaty[caused by smaal blood vesselcongestion & brain swellingreversible if blood pressure is

lowered]



sign and symptom

Secondary HypertensionThe signs and symptoms of secondary hypertension

will associated with additional symptoms of specificto the disorders, such as :Obesity [buffalo hump, abdominal striae]Hormone disorder [hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism,

growth hormone excess].Hypertension in pregnant symptom of pre-eklamsia /eklamsia [proteinuria, generalized swelling & severeseizure], nausea, vomiting, headaches, and loss vision



prevention

Weight reduction and regular aerobic exerciseReduce dietary sugar

Reduce sodium (salt) comsumption.Discontinuing tobacco & alcohol consumptionReducing stressIncreasing omega 3 fatty acids consumptionincreased sodium and water excretionReduce caffeine consumption



treatment

Lifestyle modificationThe first line of treatment for hypertension ispreventive lifestyle changes and includes:

Dietary changesPhysical exerciseWeight loss



medications

Diuretics [Furesemid, Epitizide, Idapamid .etc]A drenergic R. A [A tenolol, Propanolon, Terazosin, labetalol]

Calcium C.B[A

mlodipine, Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem]ACE inhibitor[C aptopril, Ramipril, Enalapril]A ngiotensin II R.A [C andesartan, losartan, valsartan]A ldosteron antagonist [S pironolacton, Eplerenone]

Vasodilator [S odium Nitropruside, Hyralazine]A lpha -2 antagonist [C lonidine, Methyldopa, Reserpine]



complications



nursing diagnosis

Deficient knowledgeFatigueIneffective copingIneffective tissue perfusion: CardiopulmonaryNoncompliance: Therapeutic regimenRisk for injury



nursing intervension

Improve Knowledge / Health education :Diet.Disease process.Health behaviors.M edication.Prescribed activity

Treatment regimen.



nursing outcome

Patient will identify appropriate food choices.Patient will express that he has more energy.Patient will demonstrate adaptive copingbehaviors.Patient will maintain adequate cardiac output

and hemodynamic stability.Patient will comply with his therapy regimen.Patient will remain free from complications.

hypertension english presentation

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