hyper mesh

Created by Umesh Tak

Contact me for any clarification @ - 09829307457 or

[email protected],[email protected]

General notes –

- Ctrl + left mouse button – for rotating.

- Ctrl+Right mouse button – Panning

- Ctrl+middle mouse – Zooming.

- To delete entity go to tool>delete> delete entity or delete model.

- If you want to re mesh the object but if you changed the element size in box

( ) then overlap mesh will occur so don’t do that.

- General rule for meshing is to first check the line or arc length and number of nodes will

be = Length / 2.

- Element density must be high on chorderal shape figure otherwise Chord. Dev. Error

will occur.

- To optimize element first use “element optimization” option after that use place node

and in that process don’t click on fail node click near by nodes of failed nodes.

- Selection of element can be don’t by –

- By window.

- By displayed.

- By selecting one element and then select by attached option.

- The concept of reflect is not like other software’s and it is direction dependent I

will explore later this concept.

- If there is any irregularity in surface or overlap/discontinuity in surface match

point then method to find it is > go to auto mesh > click on surface u want to

mesh if there are more then one element density then it means that there is a

overlapped surface so we have2 remove this overlap by point edit>replace or line

edit > replace option.(refer below fig.)

- -




5. Circle – There r following option in circle –

5a. Center radius –

6. Line edit –

6a. Combine –

Result –




6b. Split at point – Slit line at a given point




6c. Split at joint – For that we have 2 draw close loop line and combine them into one

first.

6d. Split at line – Split geometry with a ref. line.




6e. Split at plane – Explored by me later.

6f. Smooth line – This option changes the rough line into smooth line depending upon

variables like Tolerance and tangent angle a display message shown in message area for

that.




7. Analysis tab –

In analysis tab we can specify diff. type of coordinate system like –

1. Rec. coordinate system – X,Y,Z

2. Cylindrical system – R,Thita,Z

3. Spherical System – r, Thita, phai.

7a. Analysis > System>Create by axis direction – Click on origin and then click on

first point as an X axis point> click on other point as a XY ref. plane> Select type of

coordinate system > create.




Other types of coordinate system also created by this method just u have to select type of

coordinate system differently.

7b. Analysis > Create by node ref. –

For that we have 2 select 3 nodes progressively.




7c. Assign – Explored later.

7d. Material orientation – explored later.

8. Analysis > Vector –

8a. Vector > Create > base and magnitude –

First select one node > create > then select other 2 nodes > Then again create.




8b. Vector > Create > from node - To node –




8c. Vector > Create > Cross product –

This option is used to create cross product of 2 vectors for that we must have 2 vectors.




9. Tool > Translate –

This option is used to translate (move) object with base point and we can translate object

in duplicate mode also.

Base case –




Result case –




10. Tool > tag – This option is used to give tag number to specified node. For that

Select node> Give node number > Color > Click on create.

11. 2d plane surface –

2D > plane>square> Give direction per. To XY plane i.e. Z axis >Specify base point >

Select right option here mesh keep surface is selected > Give size of plane > ok

You can increase number of nodes by left clicking on node number.




After creating plane there is another menu for dividing line into nodes and then click on

mesh button this will create mesh on plane.




There is also another way to mesh the surface by going 2d>auto mesh> specify element

size and mesh type(quad element)> Select rec. plane> click on mesh.

If you want to redefine mesh again then you have 2 select “surf” option in top-left side as

per below fig.




Tool > Check element option –

This option is used to check the quality of different element. Different parameter are

defines in note book (like Warp age etc.).




Here red color defined as a failing element and blue color is defined as good element.

2d>quality index – This option is used to optimize failing elements for that there must

be failing element on a surface (red color elements as per below fig.)




For optimizing these element we have 2 go to >2d>quality index> (Note here in quality

index color notification in reversed and red color is good element and blue color is failed

element).

To optimize failed element click on element optimize option then click on failed element

automatically failed element converted into good element and blue color will remove if

blue color is not removed then we have 2 optimize this element by other ways.




Different kind of shape optimization –




Process for shape optimization –

Case1 – Polygon in square (R1-C3 in above fig) –

1. Create center node.(Geo-Nodes>type in>0,0,0)

2. As a center node (0, 0, 0) create 2 circles of different radius.(Geo>circle>center

radius>Select center node>specify radius>click on create>again create other

circle with same procedure.)

3. 4. Create node>on line>select lines>click on outer circle>Specify number of

nodes+1 in box for dividing circle in specific number nodes.>create.

5. Here nodes are not oriented as per requirement so go to

>Tool>rotate>nodes>Again click on nodes and select displayed>define Z axis as




rotation>Specify base point as 0, 0, 0.>specify increment angle > click on rotate+

until the orientation is as per our requirement.

6. Again follow same procedure to create 6 nodes on inner circle as per below

fig.(result)

7. Now join these nodes by > go to Geometry > line > from nodes.




8. After creating lines delete circle bcoz it is for ref. only.(Go

to>tool>delete>lines>select circle)

9. Now create in between nodes for ref. as per below fig.(geo>nodes>on line>3 )

10. Join these nodes by line. (Geo>line>from nodes.)

11. Now for meshing we have 2 convert it into surfaces for that procedure is > go to

2d>plane>trimmed>Lines>displayed>Surface only>Z axis>base point (0, 0, 0)

>click on create automatically plane is created (no change in object).

12. To draw a below highlighted line > go to >geometry>quick edit >Node to

line>Select node>select line>Ok. (below fig.)




13. Again if u want to convert this line into surface go to >2d>plane procedure as per

point 11.

14. Now we can start meshing for that > go to >2d > auto mesh>quad element

>Surface>select upper surface>Click on mesh.>divide mesh in to number of

element be clicking on number >see result.(Below)




15. Check the quality of meshing by go to >tool>check element>click on available

option and see quality (red color shows failed element).




16. For changing the shape of failed element procedure is >go to >2d>quality

index>First click on element optimize>select fail node>automatically failed node

will be optimize>if failed node not optimize with above process then we have 2

follow other process that is>go to 2d>quality index>place node option and by

dragging mouse on it optimize the element.>if again it is not optimize the we have

2 re mesh the surface for better element placement.>the result will be like that

after optimization.




17. Now follow above procedure again to mesh below part. (As per below fig.)




18. Now we create ¼ meshing to mirror it procedure is - go to > reflect

>element>displayed>duplicate>y axis>base point (0, 0, 0)>reflect. Result will be

like below fig.




19. Again we have 2 reflect along X axis with same procedure as per point 18.0.

(Result shown in below fig.)

20. Now we have 2 remove extra edge and all that for that procedure is > go to >

tools>edges>displayed>Find edges>delete edges>Preview

equiv>Equivalence>return.

Other cases in row(above cad image before point 1.0) are same only concept of partition

is shown below.

Case2 – Circle with Triangle –

All procedure is same except following additional command. Here in circle with triangle

option we have 2 divide geometry into 60° partition and after that additional command is

>rotate > displayed>duplicate>rotation angle (120°)>create.




Meshing before rotation (with duplicate

command)

Meshing after rotate >duplicate with 120°.

Other procedure is same as previous 20 point in first case.

For other circular object concept of meshing is shown below.




Mask-Unmask concept –

If there is any object is symmetrical with any axis then we have 2 divide it with

symmetric axis and then we can mask ½ partitions of this object and then work on ½

displayed part after meshing we can unmask the object (unmask all) and reflect or rotate

the mesh according to requirement. Procedure for masking and unmasking is >Go to

>tools > mask>option>press shift button and then drag the mouse for masking the

required object before doing that check that all options are correct as per below fig.




Tool>Position command – This command is used to create positioned object w.r.t.

given point (N1, N2, N3 – source points) and (N1,N2,N3 destination points) .




Geometry>quick edit> un split surface option – This option is used after doing

final meshing suppose you want to delete reference surfaces for that we can use

unsplit surfaces option.

Go to>Geometry>quick edit>unsplit surfaces>line>select line as per above fig.>OK.

Remaining one class is in other file (comp. 21 labs 2)

Non planar surfaces – Those surfaces that are not symmetrical.

Geometry>edge edit option and Geometry>point edit option – If we import iges

geometry file then there must be some gaps and overlap, misalignment b/w surfaces to

remove these overlap and gap we use these options.




For that procedure is >import >geometry>iges>from specified directory.

Some terms about edges –

Free edges – It is nothing but edges wounded by one surface and default color are red for

that.

Shared edge – The edges wounded by 2 adjacent surfaces (default color green).

T intersection surfaces – edges wounded by 3 or more surfaces. (Default color yellow).

Fixed point – A point associated with the surfaces.

Free point – Point not associated with the surfaces.

Geometry>edge command –

Geometry>edge edit > Toggle option –

This command is used to convert one type of edge in another type of surface (Free to

shared edge, Share to free edge)

Also used for suppressing (blue dashed line) and unsuppressing edges.




Left button is for suppress or hide edge and right for unsuprees or showing the edge.

Result case –

Green to blue dashed (for suppressing) and yellow to red (to change edge type)

Geometry >edge edit> un (suppress) option – Used to suppress and unsuprees the edge

for that select edge>click on suppress option this will suppress the line and its reverse is

applicable.




Geometry >edge edit >replace option – This option is used to replace one edge with the

nearby edge and combining it into single shared edge. Used to fill gap b/w 2 edges and

convert it into one shared edge.

For that select edge to move > select edge to retain> input cleanup tolerance > click on

replace.




Result –




Geometry>edge edit>Equalance option – It is used to convert close set of surfaces to

combined surface process is –

Give command>Surface>Click on surface one>click on surface 2 >give tolerance (max.

1.5)>OK.

Base case –

Result case – (remember to check all the boxes in command)




Geometry>edge edit> un split option –

Same as line split and this will combine edge segments which are previously splited.

Geometry>edge edit> edge fillet option – This option replace the curve at the junction

of 2 non collinear edges with a straight line or curve. Process for that –

Give command>surface>displayed>Input fillet parameters (like minimum radius,

Maximum radius, etc.) click on find >some edges with white color are edges fir specified

parameter range>click on remove.

Geometry>edge edit> by feature option – It combines surfaces based on feature lines.

Explore by me later.

Points edit command –




Geometry>point edit>add option –

We can add new point (free point or fixed point) wit geometry. 3 type of point we can

add by this command

1. Free point on surface.

2. Number of points on edge.

3. Points on surface.

For that procedure is –

Give command > Select option >click on line, surface etc. as per option. (Below fig.)

Geometry>point edit> suppress option –

Same as line suppress option used to suppress the points. For that just select point and

right click on it. You can also suppress multipoint by selecting multiple points by

multipoint option and then clicking on suppress option.




Geometry>point edit> point replace option –

This option is main option and used to replace a point with another point and combining

it into single entity. For that procedure is –

Select moving point (2 or more) > select fixed point (one point) > click OK.

Diagram will be attached later.

Geometry>point edit> point release option – This option disassociate the point from

lines, surfaces etc.

For that you must select point that you want to disassociate with it. (Disassociate means

changing it from fix to free point and vice versa.)

Geometry>point edit> project option –

This option is used to project selected point on surface or on line. For that procedure is –

Go to command>select point > after that by line option select specified lines / surfaces.




Geometry> mid surface option –

This option is used to convert shell geometry (with some thickness) to surface geometry.

For that procedure is –

Geometry>mid surface>Auto mid surface>Surface>displayed>Extract> “after extraction

there is a surface with red outline (known as free surface is there as per below fig.)




Now for removing shell procedure is –

“Press D key” (for display) >Select middle surface>by topo>component tab>geometry

tab>return. Only surface will be there as per below fig.




Only surface is there without shell




2D>Split option – This option is used to split the element when element optimization is

not possible by both previous method i.e. by “element optimization” or by “place node”

option. (Specially used in warpage fail condition)

“In this option first check that previous meshing is deleted by – “pressing D key”

then check both the check box with element component option” if there is any

meshing then first delete it.”(Below fig.)

Here element is failed in warpage if a element fails is warpage and even optimization is

problem after applying 2 method then we have 2 split it from quad to tri element

procedure for that is –




Here red element fails in warpage to optimize it> go to

>2d>split>plate element>element>divide quads>select element u want to divide>split.

Result will be-(for that you have 2 remember the failed element location)




2D>Smooth option – This option is also used to smooth the element which one is failed

after optimization procedure for that is –

Select failed element as well as 3or 4 adjacent element of failed element (don’t select

boundary element for that after smoothing boundary can be disturbied)> Plate>

elements> nodes>smooth> (Smoothing information will be displayed in bottom

information bar).> click on smooth button 2-3 times for this.

2D>edit element>split option –

This option is used to split row of elements in 2 parts. We generally used this option

when elements failed in warpage. For that procedure is –

Go to >edit element>split>Draw split line where u want to split the elements.>return.




Preview –

Result –




Meshing of 3d solids – ( 3d > drag option)

For 3d solid object’s meshing procedure is –

- Import IGES file in hyper mesh by button.

- After import mesh top face of object by 2d>auto mesh option as per below fig.

- Now we have 2 drag this 2d mesh to convert it into 3d solid mesh for that

procedure is

Go to > 3D > drag > drag element > select drag element > select element (by attach)>

select right axis>Select distance method> Specify distance> (on drag) (means layers

of sold) >Drag. (Result shown in below fig.)




After that we have 2 mesh bottom surface but already associated members are 3d

element so we have 2 convert these 3d element in 2d face first procedure for that is –

Go to > tool > faces > select one element>by attach> find faces > return> result will be

like below fig.

Now we have 2 mesh bottom surface for that go to > 2d >auto mesh> select bottom

surface >click on bottom surface> mesh >ok. (Result will be like below fig.)




Now again we have 2 drags this surface including inner 3d solid surface for that

procedure is –

Go to > 3d > drag >select one outer element and outer elements with by attach option >

and select one inner element and elements with by face option>click on drag. (result will

be like below 2nd

window)

You must check element quality after every meshing.




After that we have 2 delete 2d faces for that procedure is –

Go to > tool > delete > select one element>sub route by config> delete.(result will be like

that)

Here other method is N1-N2 method in which we don’t specify drag distance just we

need 2 nodes reference for that and 2d surface drag along that ref. setting for that is

shown below in (3d>drag option)




3d>line drag option –

Second good method to drag the 2d surface is 3d>line drag option in this option we need

one ref. line along which complete surface drags. (As per below fig.)

3D>Spin option – This option is used to spin the geometry around specified point to

create solid mesh for that we use following fig for example.

Here 4 meshing this kind of fig. procedure are –




- First we have 2 center node on top circle for that create 4 nodes on circle (by

nodes on line) and find center of these 4 nodes after that (node in between option).

- Now we have 2 create intersect geometry for that go to > Geo>lines>at

intersection>with below settings.*Surface displayed option.

- Now we have 2 mask ½ portions for that in front view click on tool > mask option

and mask ½ partitions.

- Now go to >display (by pressing d key) > set as geometry>auto 1 as check

OK.result will be like that.




- Now convert it into surface with 2d>plane command as per previous procedures.

- Now create mesh on this by previous method and check its quality (2d>auto

mesh).

- Now use 3d>spin option>with following setting ( below fig.)(angle vary from 0

to 360)

3d>element option – Use of this option with different sub option is shown below.

For using this option we have 2 create one meshed surface first as per below fig. (4

nodes>join them with line>2d plane> 2d auto mesh).as per below fig.




Now we use different sub option –

3d>element offset>solid layers – This option is used to create solid layers. With some

initial gap as per below fig.




3d>element offset>shell layers –

The procedure is same as per above fig but result will be in form of shells.




3d>element offset>shell offset option –

This option is used to offset previously defined surface. For that give command and

select elements>displayed>with duplicate option>Give offset distance>ok.




3d>element offset>thicken shell option –

This option is used to create thicken shell from reference surface which one previously

defined.

Here base element will be like above surface and result will be like below 2figs.




We can also use other option as “Shell is on outer surface”. (With this option surface will

be one side only).

3D>linear solid option – we have 2 create 2 reference surfaces for that as per below fig.

(With meshing).

In this option we have 2 define element (displayed) for first surface with 3 reference

nodes (here in 3 colors) and then same process for surface 2.




Here alignment N1, N2, N3 will be one upper surface node (color nodes).

3D>Solid mesh option –

In this command we need one connecting element, one start element and one ending

element with same number of division. In this command no need to create 2d plane first

direct we can create solid. Procedure is –

First create one rectangle and circle as per below fig.




Now create connecting lines as per below fig.




Now we have 2 divide circle in 4 equal part bcoz all objects are divided into 4 part for

that use Geometry>line edit>split at line option. Here in this command select circle as

line and connecting lines as a cut lines. (As per below fig.)

Now give command >3d>solid mesh. Here select 4 lines of square as a start element and

4 arcs of circle as ending element and 4 vertical lines as a connecting element in

sequence.

Give element layer density in U (start element density), Y (end element density), Z

(connecting element density) as numeric value.

Now click on mesh result will be like below fig.




3D > Solid map option –

This option is used to mesh objects like below one –

For that we need- 1. Source geometry 2.Destination geometry 3. Along geometry. Here in

above fig. source, destination, along geometry is –




Here procedure is –

First create mesh by 2d>mesh option on source geometry then give 3d>solid map>Select

source geometry, destination geometry and along geometry as per above fig.




Some important points to create 3d mesh –

1. If geometry is symmetrical about an axis then u can split it in 2 parts by following

command procedure.

- First create ref. node on mid point of surface.

- Then give Geometry>surface edit option.




2. Now mask ½ portion of surface by Tool>mask>surface option.(result will be like

that)

3. Now split surface as per your requirement here I split surface by Geometry>quick

edit>split by (node 2 node and node 2 line option) as per below fig.




4. If u need reference then u can also use tool>project option to project any node on

line or plane as per below fig.




5. Now again u can split it by above procedure point 3.

6. Now 2d>mesh required surface and use drag/line drag/spin/solid mesh/solid map

to convert it into 3d solid.

7. If any set of node doesn’t match with surface then u can use 3d>replace option for

that.

8. If u want to cancel previously defined surface then u can do this by

geometry>edge edit>UN split option this is reverse of split option.

9. Be careful to split surface bcoz element density must be same on every joint

edges.




10. If 2 line are not combined and u need direct line drag then u can use

Geometry>line edit >combine option and select 2 lines they will convert into one

line.

11. Suppose u split surface by geometry>quick edit option then again u can cancel it

by using

12. If again u mesh on 2nd

surface and again if u give 3d>line drag option and select

2nd

surface element then all element (including 3d solid) are selected to remove

this problem first delete 2d element which are on 1st surface even after creating 3d

solid for that procedure is –

Tool>delete>element>by face and

Tool>faces>elements>by attach>find faces>delete faces option.

Now u can carry on with second surface as per above points.




Tool>project>element to plane option – explore later.

Tool>scale option – This option is used to scale the 2d mesh element according to X,

Y, Z scale factor. See below fig for detail.




Result will be –




3D>Tetra mesh option – When we drag tria elements then it creates tetra solid mesh.

We use “tetra mesh normally option” for generally in this command. This option is

useful to create solid mesh on complicated surfaces.

Procedure for creating tetra mesh is (as per below fig.) –

Solid mesh required

for that part. Then we have 2 use tetra mesh options for that –

First create 2d>auto mesh command with “tria” type elements. As per below fig.

(Select surface>displayed option in surface tab).




After creating 2d>auto mesh go to 3d>tetra mesh as per below fig.




Geometry>solid option – this option is used to create solid directly from imported

surface. Procedure is shown below.




3d>solid map >one volume – This option is used to mesh the solid in single attempt

which one we create from above command. Procedure for that is –

(Note: You can not check the quality of mesh by this procedure.)

Result will be meshing of above object.




Geometry > De feature option – This option is used to remove pinholes, edge fillets

etc as per below fig.

-Geometry>de feature>pin hole option – In this option we can find pinholes on

surface as well as remove it from surface for that we need to measure distance (or say

dia) for pin hole and then input it into box as per below fig.




Result –

Geometry>de feature>surface fillet – This option is used to delete surface fillet from

surface same as we removed pin hole. For fillet option we have 2 input min. and

maximum radius option in box




Geometry>de feature>edge fillet – This option is used to delete any edge fillet from

surface here note that edge fillet is in between edges whereas surface fillet is between

2 surfaces. For fillet option we have 2 input min. and maximum radius option in box.

Geometry>de feature>duplicate – This option used to delete any duplicate surface

from object and for that we have 2 give tolerance also.

Geometry>de feature>Symmetry option – This option is used to delete any

symmetrical surface from object (mirrored surface) for that first we have 2 create any

symmetrical surface. Along which axis u want to find symmetrical surface? We have

2 give this option in command box also.

Tool > Build menu option – This option is used to create customized menu for hyper

mesh.

Geometry>primitives option –

Square block – You can create square block from known nodes as per below fig.




Square option is used to create surface and block used to create solid.

Cylinder cone – This option is used to create surface or solid cone.




Result will be –




Partial cone –

Result –

Geometry>primitive>Sphere – There are different methods to create sphere .

Center radius – In center radius option we can create sphere with center coordinate.




Result –

4 Nodes option – In this option we have 2 specify 4 nodes. (Non planar, one node

must be in different plane).




Geometry>primitive>Torus option –

This option is used to create Torus in different ways.

Center>normal vector Torus. – (Previously defined nodes required)




Major center option –




Result –




Partial Torus –




Tool>permute option – This option is used to change plane of any kind of element,

nodes etc. (as per below fig.)




Result –




Tool > Normal option – This option is for analysis purpose and we can find normal

vector for any element as per below fig. (Needs previous meshing for that)

Tool > find option –

This option used to find number of node and nodes present in geometry.




Tool > number option –

This option is same as previous command and we can find number of any element.




2d>Order change option (meshing required) – From this command we can change

the order of element. Here quad 4 is lower ordered element and quad 8 is higher order

element. (One extra node around each pair of node).




Result cannot seen by this command to see result go to>Tool>find>nodes>displayed.

(As per below fig.)




Reverse process “change to first order” for above command result of first order

element will be –

hyper mesh

Documents

umesh tak result case

given point contact

result contact

umesh tak general notes

point slit line

base point

smooth line

rough line