hydrogen from renewable power technology …...2 key messages • renewable sourced hydrogen...
TRANSCRIPT
Hydrogen from Renewable Power
Technology Outlook for the Energy Transition
Asami MiketaIRENA Innovation and Technology Centre
World Energy Congress, Abu Dhabi, 11 September 2019
2
Key messages
• Renewable sourced hydrogen (green-hydrogen) – the zero-carbon solution of the future
• A shift from automobile applications to “hard-to-decarbonize” sectors
• New opportunity to accelerate renewable power deployment
• Green-hydrogen production – ramping up fast in size and volume
• Export opportunities for renewable rich countries including the MENA region
Demand for RE power in the context of the Energy Transition
3
For green hydrogen production: < 4 TW
PWhEJ Global electricity demand
For direct electrification of end-use sectors
About 49% of end-use electrification (including in the form of green hydrogen)
Hydrogen as the “missing link” towards decarbonization
4
70% reduction
2018 emissions
2050 reference case
emissions
2050 mitigation
options
Renewable energy
Electrification with renewablesincluding RE-sourced hydrogen
Energy efficiencyOthers
Further decarbonization efforts needed
9.8 Gt
33 Gt33 Gt
Hydrogen demand in end-use sectors by 2050
5
• Technical potential is significant
• Economic potential will depend on cost reductions and competition with other
emerging options, with estimates on the order of 10-100 EJ
35 EJ
22 EJ
11 EJ
9 EJ
19 EJ4 EJ
6 EJ
0.1 EJ 0.1 EJIndustry
Transport
Buildings
Power generation
Others
IRENA, 2019 (29 EJ)
Hydrogen Council, 2017(78 EJ)
Opportunities for hydrogen in the energy transition
6
Decarbonising options (30 EJ)
Industry:Replace fossil-fuel produced hydrogenReplace fossil-fuel based feedstocks
Transport:FCEV – to complement BEVs in decarbonizing road transport
Gas grid:Take advantage of low electricity pricesProvide seasonal storage for hydrogen
Deep-Decarbonising options (> 30 EJ)
Transport:FC/E-fuels for rail, aviation, maritime sector
Power:Combined with seasonal storage
Buildings: Distributed stationary fuel-cell for heat and power generation
Electrolyzer will provide with short-term flexibility thus help manage the short-term fluctuations of VRE
Source of hydrogen – today and 2050
7
Today: About 14 EJ hydrogen produced mainly from fossil source (including 40% by-product) - green and blue hydrogen production is negligible(Source: IEA 2019)
2050:Two-Third of hydrogen produced could come from green hydrogen
Demonstration projects with electrolysis – with increasingly bigger sizes (> 50 MW)
EJ
Fossil without CCS
Electrolysis
Green hydrogen:Electrolysiswith RE power
Non-RE sourced• Blue hydrogen:
fossil with CCS• Electrolysis with
non-RE power
Hydrogen production costs
8
Key assumptions: Electrolyser (Alkaline)• Load factor: 4200 hours
(48%)
CCS cost at fossil fuel facilities• Coal gasification: 0.75
USD/kg H2 at 50 USD/t CO2• Steam reforming of natural
gas: 0.45 USD/kg H2 at 50 USD/t CO2
Hydrogen from renewables is close to competitiveness at best solar and wind regions.
20502020
• Compression and Storage (tanks, salt caverns)
• Liquefaction and storage• Ammonia production and
storage
Export opportunities for renewable rich counties
9
Electricity Generation
(LCOE)Hydrogen
Production (LCOH)
ElectrolysisHandling and Storage costs
Shipping costsEnd-user (CIF)
cost
Transmission grid
Ways to leverage remote renewable energy sources 1) Relocate hydrogen production to close to the good RE source export hydrogen
2) Relocate energy intensive industrial production close to the good RE source export energy intensive commodities
Green hydrogen supply chain
Blue hydrogen
10
Hydrogen Production
(LCOH)
Steam Methane Reforming + CCS
Coal Gasification + CCS
Key challenges:Lagged deployment of CCS – today less than 5 Mt is captured and stored sustainably Carbon leakage from CCS – from enhanced oil recovery process
Certification system and regulations for carbon free hydrogen supply are critical – for proper monitoring, reporting, and verification
Enhanced oil recovery
Geological formations
CCS options
11
Key messages
• Renewable sourced hydrogen (green-hydrogen) – the zero-carbon solution of the future
• A shift from automobile applications to “hard-to-decarbonize” sectors
• New opportunity to accelerate renewable power deployment
• Green-hydrogen production – ramping up fast in size and volume
• Export opportunities for renewable rich countries including the MENA region
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Hydrogen applications in the industry sector
13
Opportunities for decarbonizing industry with
hydrogen:
Replace fossil-fuel produced hydrogen
Replace fossil-fuel based feedstocks
Vast majority of hydrogen today is produced and used
on-site in industry (14EJ).
Hydrogen application to the natural gas grid
14
Opportunities
Short-term: Replacing the natural
gas with hydrogen in the existing
natural gas grid, when electricity
price is cheaper
In the long-term: Provide seasonal
storage for solar and wind
Current standards limit potentials but they
could be revised.
Hydrogen tolerance of gas infrastructure components – Adapted from DVGW (2012)
Hydrogen applications in the transport sector
15
Opportunities
Short-term: FCEVs to
complement
decarbonizationg road
transport
In the long-term: FC and
Synthetic fuels for rail,
maritime, and aviation
sector (economics is still
to be seen)