HydrocarbonsProperties and ReactionsCHEMISTRY 11MS. MCGRATH

Properties of Alkanes• Alkanes are nonpolar and are therefore soluble in benzene and other nonpolar solvents. They are not soluble in water and other polar solvents.

• Their intermolecular forces are fairly weak therefore have relatively low boiling points.

• As the number of atoms in a hydrocarbon increases, the boiling point also increases.

Reactions of AlkanesComplete Combustion

hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Reactions of AlkanesSubstitution Reactions• In the presence of ultraviolet light, alkanes react with halogens

Properties of Alkenes• Alkenes are nonpolar and are therefore soluble in benzene and other nonpolar solvents. They are not soluble in water and other polar solvents.

• The boiling points for alkenes are usually slightly lower than similar sized alkanes (alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.

Reactions of AlkenesAddition Reactions• In an addition reaction, atoms are added to the multiple bond

Properties of Alkynes• Alkynes are nonpolar and are therefore soluble in benzene and other nonpolar solvents. They are not soluble in water and other polar solvents.

• The boiling points of alkynes are in the same range as alkanes and alkenes that have the same number of carbons. The boiling points for alkynes, however, are slightly higher than similar sized alkanes or alkenes.

Creating PolymersPolymerization

Creating PolymersPolymerization

Hydrocarbon ReactionsEsterification

carboxylic acid + alcohol ester + water