hvac air filtration overview and life cycle cost case study garry pangborn march 8, 2012

HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study08.03.2012

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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study

Garry PangbornMarch 8, 2012Freudenberg Filtration Technologies

HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study08.03.2012 2

The Air We Breath - Sizes of Common Particles


The Air We Breathe - Particle Size Distribution of Atmospheric Air

Fine

Primarily Man-made

Primarily Naturally-Occurring

The activities of modern society have greatly increased presence of sub-micron particles


The Air We Breathe – Health & Wellness Considerations

Every day, the typical adult in the U.S.:

Eats 3 lbs of food

Drinks 4 lbs of fluids

Breathes 35 lbs of air!

Particles are deposited into respiratory tract; the smaller the particle, the deeper it can reach

EPA estimates that people spend 90% of time indoors

Sick Building Syndrome, Building Related Illness, Pandemics

Productivity benefits of improved IAQ (Indoor Air Quality)

Increases in allergy and asthma cases nationwide

Increasing evidence that disease can spread via airborne routes (droplet nuclei)


The Air We Breathe – Dust Concentrations What is the dust concentration in this room?

10 to 50 μg/m3

What is it in the extremes in the world?

Lowest recorded – Antarctica at 0.00001 μg/m3

Highest recorded – Sandstorms at 4,000 to 6,000 μg/m3

What is Urban Typical?

In the United States – 20 to 50 μg/m3

In China – 300 to 500 μg/m3


Inertial Impaction

Brownian Diffusion

Interception

FilterFiber

(-)(+)

Electrostatic Attraction

Air Filtration Mechanisms


Filter Efficiency is the combination of the various capture schemes

Sieving

Inertial impaction

Interception

Diffusion

Electrostatic attraction

Filter Efficiency - Filtration Mechanisms Working Together


Filtration Efficiency - What is MERV?

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV)

ASHRAE 52.2 standard

Classification system for filters based upon particle capture efficiency

Numerical designation between 1 and 16

ASHRAE 52.2 MERV Table

LEED Point forMERV Level ≥13


Governing equation for how lower ΔP equates to lower energy usage:

where…

Q = volumetric flow rate

ΔP = pressure drop

t = time

η = motor-fan efficiencyTarget operating zone.

Energy consumption impact: Up to 30% of fan energy usage due to filter pressure drop

Filter Pressure Drop and Energy

Q x Energy η

ΔP x t=


Optimum Filter Change-out Timing

Goal should be to change-out filters at the lowest point on this curve.

Filter Pressure Drop and Energy


Life cycle costs most important

Note difference in values between LCC and Initial Cost

Avoidance of catastrophic failures due to blowout or moisture are noteworthy

Fit and MERV naturally a key criteria

Vendor knowledge / service is valued

Filter Selection Criteria


Filter Types by Efficiency Levels


Case Study Background

Single stage – no pre-filter

20”x24”x20” pocket filter

4 pockets per filter

Single-stage2-Stage System

vs.

Two stages

2” pleated pre-filter

20”x24”x12” box filter

Side access housing

4 rows of 20” tall tracks

5 columns of filters 24” wide

Side-load gasketing

Filter Installation

Business & Aerospace Bldg

Interest in energy savings and sustainability

Business and Aerospace Building, 3rd Floor

Pursued side-by-side energy consumption comparison study

A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings


Head-to-Head Pressure Drop Across Filter Banks

Data courtesy MTSU



Illustration of Pressure Drop Comparison Across Filter Banks



Energy Monitoring

ABB variable frequency drives (VFD)

30 HP motors

Hourly data logging of motor voltage and current for each air handler

Power data then tabulated in Excel

Data Exa

mple

(courte

sy M

TSU)



Energy Monitoring Results

Data courtesy MTSU



Filter Pressure Drop Checks under Controlled Laboratory Conditions



Potential waste reduction on campus

Major reduction in filter usage

Pre-filters eliminated

Filter Qty: 300 20

93% potential reduction in usage over 3 yr period

3x lifetime of typical box/cell filters

Sustainability Impact – In Addition to Energy Reduction


Note importance of energy consumption

For every 0.1” w.g. reduction in P there is an energy savings of $17 per filter per year (@ $0.06 per kWh)

Overall 50%

Initial Filter Costs

Operating Costs

Filtration Life Cycle Cost Reduction

Case Study Total Cost of Ownership Impact (over 3 years)

Energy Cost 44%

Filter Cost 54%

Labor Cost 86%


Additional Example #1 Southeast

Pocket Filter (no pre-filter)

Filter dP after 24 months of service: 0.24” w.c. (new = 0.20” w.c.)

Pocket Filter (no pre-filter)

Filter dP after 40 months of service: 0.29” w.c.

V-bank Type Filter (no pre-filter)

Filter dP at 30 months of service: 0.68” w.c. (new 0.28” w.c.)

Case study presented at 2010 MIAPPA summer conference: www.fm.wmich.edu/miappa/conf/s10/index.html

Additional Example #3Northeast

Additional Example #2 - Midwest

Additional University Case Studies

Previous Incumbent:Pre-filters:

changed quarterlyFinal filters:

changed every 12-18 months



changed annually



changed every 12-18 months


3rd party qualification

Assesses emissions of VOC’s (i.e. formaldehyde)

Evaluates product for mold/fungi growth

Check air filters for certification

Green

guar

d Cer

tifica

te o

f

Compli

ance

Greenguard Certification


Elimination of roll filters

Consolidation of 2-stage pleated filter + box filter to long-life pocket technology or V-bank filters

Higher efficiencies (LEED - MERV 13)

End-user focus on energy conservation (lower dP filters)

End-user focus on life cycle costs

End-user focus on sustainability and less waste

Growth of synthetic media filters vs. glass due to:

Lower cost

Moisture resistance

Lower VOC emissions

Ultraviolet (UV) lights used in conjunction with air filters to help keep heat transfer coils ultra clean

Nanofiber filter media

Glass fiber shedding

More puncture resistant

Installer friendly (skin contact)

Trends in Air Filtration Market

HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study08.03.2012

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hvac air filtration overview and life cycle cost case study garry pangborn march 8, 2012

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