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OUR HUNGER FOROUR HUNGER FOR COMMUNION COMMUNION

At The OneAt The OneTable of the Lord Table of the Lord

I Presences of Christ in the EucharistI Presences of Christ in the Eucharist Word Sacrament Church Celebrant PoorWord Sacrament Church Celebrant Poor

II Our Common Liturgical Reform II Our Common Liturgical Reform Forms Eucharistic Prayers LectionariesForms Eucharistic Prayers Lectionaries

III Unity in Eucharistic Faith III Unity in Eucharistic Faith Agreements: Presence SacrificeAgreements: Presence Sacrifice

IV Sacramental PracticeIV Sacramental PracticeProtestant Orthodox CatholicProtestant Orthodox Catholic

The Church as Communion/ The Church as Communion/ KoinoniaKoinonia

I Christ the CenterI Christ the Center

WordWord

SacramentSacrament

ChurchChurch

PresiderPresider

The PoorThe Poor

THE ONE TABLE OF THE LORDTHE ONE TABLE OF THE LORD I Presences of Christ in the EucharistI Presences of Christ in the Eucharist

Word Sacrament Church Celebrant PoorWord Sacrament Church Celebrant Poor





II Our Common Liturgical Reform II Our Common Liturgical Reform

LectionaryEucharistic prayers

Sacrifice

Frequency

Real Presence

Worship FormsWorship FormsROMAN MISSAL 1969ROMAN MISSAL 1969

LUTHERAN BOOK OF WORSHIP 1978LUTHERAN BOOK OF WORSHIP 1978

BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER 1979 BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER 1979 (Anglican/Episcopal)(Anglican/Episcopal)

THE U METHODIST BOOK OF THE U METHODIST BOOK OF WORSHIP WORSHIP 19921992

BOOK OF COMMON WORSHIP 1993 BOOK OF COMMON WORSHIP 1993 (Presbyterian)(Presbyterian)

Worship FormsWorship FormsPenitential Rite Collect for the Day Lessons Homily/Sermon Creed Intercessions Offertory Prayers Canon/Great Thanksgiving ( options ) Communion Post-Communion Prayer Benediction and Dismissal

III The Pilgrimage toward Unity III The Pilgrimage toward Unity I Approaches to Real Presence

II Agreements on

Real Presence

III Agreements on

Christ’s Sacrifice

II Agreements on Real PresenceII Agreements on Real Presence

All of these [All of these [sacred elementssacred elements], which come ], which come from Christ and lead back to him, belong by from Christ and lead back to him, belong by

right to the one church of Christ. The right to the one church of Christ. The separated brethren also carry out many of separated brethren also carry out many of

the the sacred actionssacred actions of the Christian religion. of the Christian religion. Undoubtedly, in many ways that vary Undoubtedly, in many ways that vary

according to the conditions of each church or according to the conditions of each church or community, these actions can truly engender community, these actions can truly engender a a life of gracelife of grace and can be rightly described and can be rightly described

as capable of providing as capable of providing access to the access to the community of salvationcommunity of salvation. . (Vatican II 1965)(Vatican II 1965)

Approaches to Real PresenceApproaches to Real Presence

I Substantial Realism Transubstantiation

II Objective Realism Lutheran, Orthodox, Anglican

III Symbolic Realism Reformed

IV Memorialism Baptist, Pentecostal, Liberal

I Substantial RealismI Substantial Realism

II Objective RealismII Objective Realism

III Symbolic RealismIII Symbolic Realism

IV Memorialism

THE ONE TABLE OF THE LORDTHE ONE TABLE OF THE LORD

Christ’sPresencein a Q ua kerMeeting

Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry(WCC1982)Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry(WCC1982) The Eucharist is essentially the sacrament The Eucharist is essentially the sacrament

of the gift which God makes to us in Christ of the gift which God makes to us in Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit. through the power of the Holy Spirit.

Every Christian receives this gift of Every Christian receives this gift of salvation through communion in the body salvation through communion in the body and blood of Christ...and blood of Christ...

The Eucharist is the sacrament of the The Eucharist is the sacrament of the unique sacrifice of Christ, who ever lives unique sacrifice of Christ, who ever lives to make intercession for us...to make intercession for us...

Christ’s mode of presence in the Christ’s mode of presence in the Eucharist is unique...Eucharist is unique...

While Christ’s real presence in the While Christ’s real presence in the Eucharist does not depend on the faith of Eucharist does not depend on the faith of the individual, all agree that to discern the the individual, all agree that to discern the body and blood of Christ, faith is body and blood of Christ, faith is required...required...

The Spirit makes the crucified and risen The Spirit makes the crucified and risen Christ really present...Christ really present...

It is in virtue of the living word of Christ It is in virtue of the living word of Christ and by the power of the Holy Spirit that the and by the power of the Holy Spirit that the bread and wine become the sacramental bread and wine become the sacramental signs of Christ’s body and blood...signs of Christ’s body and blood...

The Eucharist involves the believer in the The Eucharist involves the believer in the central event of the world’s history.central event of the world’s history.

ANGLICANS AND CATHOLICS ANGLICANS AND CATHOLICS (1982)(1982)

1) in the Eucharist the Church ... makes present the 1) in the Eucharist the Church ... makes present the sacrificesacrifice of Calvary. of Calvary.

2) God has given the Eucharist to the Church as a 2) God has given the Eucharist to the Church as a means through which all the atoning work of means through which all the atoning work of Christ on the cross is proclaimed and made Christ on the cross is proclaimed and made present with all of its effectspresent with all of its effects in the life of the in the life of the Church.Church.

3) This includes the propitiatory effect of Christ’s 3) This includes the propitiatory effect of Christ’s one sacrifice applies in the eucharistic celebration one sacrifice applies in the eucharistic celebration to both the to both the living and the deadliving and the dead.... ....

3) Christ in the Eucharist makes himself present 3) Christ in the Eucharist makes himself present sacramentally and truly when under the species sacramentally and truly when under the species of bread and wine these earthly realities are of bread and wine these earthly realities are changedchanged into the reality of his body and blood... into the reality of his body and blood...

4) Both of our Churches affirm that after the 4) Both of our Churches affirm that after the eucharistic celebration the body and blood of eucharistic celebration the body and blood of Christ may be reserved for the communion of the Christ may be reserved for the communion of the sick, or for “sick, or for “adorationadoration of Christ in the reserved of Christ in the reserved sacrament” as practiced by Catholics and some sacrament” as practiced by Catholics and some Episcopalians. And Episcopalians. And

5) “we affirm that only a validly 5) “we affirm that only a validly ordained priestordained priest can can be the minister who, in the person of Christ, be the minister who, in the person of Christ, brings into being the sacrament of the Eucharist”brings into being the sacrament of the Eucharist”

• I count among the most important results of the ecumenical dialogues the insight that the issue of the eucharist cannot be narrowed to the problem of 'validity.' Even a theology oriented to the concept of succession, such as that which holds in the Catholic and in the Orthodox church, need not in any way deny the salvation-granting presence of the Lord in a Lutheran Lord's Supper.

• (Ratzinger 1993)

IV Sacramental PracticeIV Sacramental PracticeA Principles

B Practices 1) Protestant

2) Orthodox

3)Catholic

A PrinciplesA Principles1) Celebration of full 1) Celebration of full communion achievedcommunion achieved

2) Means of building up 2) Means of building up the communion of the the communion of the ChurchChurch

A Practices: ProtestantA Practices: Protestant1) Open Communion: 1) Open Communion:

The Lord’s TableThe Lord’s Table 2) Close or Closed 2) Close or Closed

CommunionCommunion 3) Interim Eucharistic Sharing3) Interim Eucharistic Sharing

4) Open Table4) Open Table

B Practices: OrthodoxB Practices: Orthodox1) No sharing: Economia1) No sharing: Economia2) Syrian Orthodox Church - 2) Syrian Orthodox Church - Catholic: Hospitality, Assyrian Catholic: Hospitality, Assyrian Church of the EastChurch of the East

3) Syrian Churches in India: 3) Syrian Churches in India: Encouragement at MarriagesEncouragement at Marriages

C Practices: CatholicC Practices: Catholic1) ask for the sacrament on her 1) ask for the sacrament on her

or his own initiativeor his own initiative

2) manifest the catholic faith in2) manifest the catholic faith in

the sacramentthe sacrament

3) be properly disposed3) be properly disposed

4) display a spiritual need 4) display a spiritual need

for the sacrament for the sacrament

This Holy Mystery

The Wesleyan tradition has always The Wesleyan tradition has always recognized that recognized that Holy CommunionHoly Communion

may be an occasion for the may be an occasion for the reception ofreception of converting, justifying, converting, justifying,

and sanctifying and sanctifying gracegrace..Unbaptized persons who receive Unbaptized persons who receive communion should be counseled communion should be counseled and nurtured toward and nurtured toward baptism as baptism as

soon as possiblesoon as possible

It is our tradition to It is our tradition to invite allinvite all Christians to the Lord’s table, Christians to the Lord’s table,

and the invitation should be extended and the invitation should be extended to everyone present; but there should to everyone present; but there should be be no pressureno pressure that would embarrass that would embarrass

those those who for whatever reason do who for whatever reason do

not receive Holy Communion.not receive Holy Communion. (UMBW)(UMBW)

Anglican provinces regularly admit to communion baptised believers who are communicant members from other Christian communities. In certain circumstances, Anglicans permit eucharistic sharing with other churches where there is sufficient agreement in faith and commitment to shared life. Some Anglican Churches recognise that the sacramental ministry of women clergy is not accepted by some of their faithful, and make provision accordingly, although this results in the impairment of full eucharistic communion.

Full CommunionLutheran Episcopal Churches

Reconciled DiversityReconciled Diversity

while neither Lutheran nor while neither Lutheran nor Reformed profess to explain how Reformed profess to explain how Christ is present and received in Christ is present and received in the Supper, both churches affirm the Supper, both churches affirm

that "Christ himself is the host at his that "Christ himself is the host at his table. . .and that Christ himself is table. . .and that Christ himself is fully present and received in the fully present and received in the Supper" Supper" ELCA, 3 REFORMED (1997)ELCA, 3 REFORMED (1997)

Full communionReformed, PresbyterianUnited Church of ChristEvangelical Lutheran

““Grave and pressing need”Grave and pressing need” … … means a condition in which means a condition in which being deprived of the Eucharist being deprived of the Eucharist would, in the judgment of a would, in the judgment of a reasonable person, cause reasonable person, cause someone to experience a someone to experience a significant sense of significant sense of deprivation… deprivation…

more than casual…more than casual…

When other Christians When other Christians request communion… request communion… efforts should be efforts should be made to determine made to determine that their beliefs are that their beliefs are substantially the same substantially the same as Catholic beliefs…as Catholic beliefs…

Communion should not to Communion should not to be withheld at the time of be withheld at the time of distribution…distribution…

this circumstance should this circumstance should be dealt with on another be dealt with on another occasion in an occasion in an appropriately pastoral way. appropriately pastoral way.

Manifesting Catholic Manifesting Catholic faith in the sacrament faith in the sacrament means that means that approximately the same approximately the same knowledge and faith knowledge and faith should be required of a should be required of a Catholic in similar Catholic in similar circumstances. circumstances.

Being properly disposed Being properly disposed means being in a good means being in a good relationship with God or, relationship with God or, if not, taking whatever if not, taking whatever steps are necessary to steps are necessary to return to a good return to a good relationship with God. relationship with God.

invitations to receive the invitations to receive the Eucharist at their table may Eucharist at their table may not be accepted by Catholics, not be accepted by Catholics, we should try to make it clear we should try to make it clear that our actions flow from a that our actions flow from a different perspective on the different perspective on the Eucharist and do not represent Eucharist and do not represent disdain on our part for their disdain on our part for their service. service.

The path itself is long and strewn with obstacles greater than our

human resources alone can overcome, yet we have the Eucharist, and in its presence we can hear in the depths of our hearts, as if they were

addressed to us, the same words heard by the Prophet Elijah: "Arise and eat, else the journey will be too

great for you" (1 Kg 19:7).

The path taken by the Church in these first years of the third

millennium is also a path of renewed ecumenical commitment. The final decades of the second millennium, culminating in the Great Jubilee,

have spurred us along this path and called for all the baptized to respond

to the prayer of Jesus "ut unum sint " (Jn 17:11).

The treasure of the Eucharist, which the Lord places before us, impels us towards the goal of full sharing with all our brothers and sisters to whom

we are joined by our common Baptism. But if this treasure is not to

be squandered, we need to respect the demands which derive from its being the sacrament of communion in faith and in apostolic succession.

THE ONE TABLE OF THE LORDTHE ONE TABLE OF THE LORDI Presences of Christ in the EucharistI Presences of Christ in the Eucharist Word Sacrament Church Celebrant PoorWord Sacrament Church Celebrant Poor II Our Common Liturgical Reform II Our Common Liturgical Reform Forms Eucharistic Prayers LectionariesForms Eucharistic Prayers Lectionaries III The Pilgrimage toward Unity in III The Pilgrimage toward Unity in

Eucharistic Faith Eucharistic Faith Agreements: Presence Sacrifice Agreements: Presence Sacrifice IV Our Diverse PracticeIV Our Diverse Practice Protestant, Orthodox, CatholicProtestant, Orthodox, Catholic The Church as Communion/ KoinoniaThe Church as Communion/ Koinonia

Multiple Dimensions of Christ's Multiple Dimensions of Christ's Presence in the Eucharistic Presence in the Eucharistic

CelebrationCelebration Mediator Dei (1947) Pius XIIMediator Dei (1947) Pius XII

1) Action of Priest at Mass1) Action of Priest at Mass 2) Eucharistic Elements2) Eucharistic Elements 3) Sacraments3) Sacraments 4) Assembly gathered to pray and 4) Assembly gathered to pray and

singsing

Sacrosanctum Concilium Sacrosanctum Concilium #7 (1963) Vatican II#7 (1963) Vatican II

1) Action1) Action 2) Elements2) Elements 3) Sacraments3) Sacraments 4) Word proclaimed4) Word proclaimed 5) Assembly5) Assembly

Mysterium FideiMysterium Fidei(1965) Paul VI(1965) Paul VI

1) Assembly1) Assembly 2) Church performing works of 2) Church performing works of

mercymercy 3) Pilgrim Church3) Pilgrim Church 4) Word4) Word 5) Church in shepherds5) Church in shepherds 6) Action6) Action

Ecclesia in America Ecclesia in America (1999) John Paul II(1999) John Paul II

1) Scripture1) Scripture

2) Liturgy2) Liturgy

3) Elements3) Elements

4) Needy and poor4) Needy and poor

5) Bishops & Priests5) Bishops & Priests

LectionaryLectionary

1382: John Wyclif's teachings are condemned by the 1382: John Wyclif's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. Synod of London.

1410: Jan Hus 1410: Jan Hus 1520 Babylonian Captivity Luther1520 Babylonian Captivity Luther 1521 Luther against the Enthusiasts1521 Luther against the Enthusiasts Ulrich Zwingli Ulrich Zwingli 1529: The Marburg Colloquy 1529: The Marburg Colloquy 1536: John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion1536: John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion 1549: Thomas Cranmer issues the Book of Common 1549: Thomas Cranmer issues the Book of Common

Prayer Prayer

1545-1564: 1545-1564: The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent 1559: Elizabethan "Book of Common 1559: Elizabethan "Book of Common

Prayer" Prayer" 1560: Church of Scotland 1560: Church of Scotland

http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/CouncilTrent.html

Swiss positions onSwiss positions onLord’s SupperLord’s Supper

• Zwingli – symbolic Zwingli – symbolic memorialismmemorialism• Bullinger – symbolic parallelismBullinger – symbolic parallelism• Calvin – symbolic instrumentalism Calvin – symbolic instrumentalism

(symbolic realism)(symbolic realism)

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Spiritual