Any ideas how?

Humans Try to Control Nature

Old Stone Age

That old pale stone

Paleolithic Age

Were generally nomads or wandered from place to place in search of food.How did they get their food?

Hunter/gatherersThey lived in clans or tribesHad oral languageTechnology: digging tools, knives, needles,

harpoons, etc.

Humans before written records

The ability to use FIRE!

Any idea why this is so important?

What was the greatest achievement of the Paleolithic Era?

Cave Art

Stonehenge

Human Movement

Ice

Bri

dge

From: Fertile CrescentTo: All Continents -except Antartica

Shift from food gathering to food production

Neolithic Revolution

Can you think of any reasons for this?

Slash and Burn Farming: cut trees and grasses and burn to clear field, next year move on to a new location

Domestication: taming animals by farms and pastoral nomads (cattle ranchers)

Irrigation: diversion of water to crop fields by means of canals and ditches

Methods used for food production

Jarmo (in Iraq) Zargos Mtns have good environmental

conditions for wild grains and animalsDiscovered by Robert Braidwood

Birthplace of Agriculture

on population…on jobs…on nomadic way of life…

Results of Agriculture

Can you think of any ideal locations to start a village?Places near water. Why?

What are the advantages and disadvantages to living in a village?AdvantagesCultural developmentFood surplusProtectionReligionAccess to goodsEasy TravelBrings animals

DisadvantagesFloodFireNatural disastersDiseaseEasy for enemies to

reach youBrings animals

Earliest Cities

Jericho

Allepo

Ur

Nippur

Five Factors Common to CivilizationWhy is each important?

CitiesLarge populationTrade center

Job specializationYou do one jobArtisan

InstitutionsGovernmentReligioneconomy

Record KeepingTracks laws, debts,

payments, etcWriting neededScribesCuneiform

Advanced Technologyarts and architecture, public works, bronze

Reasons Civilizations ChangeChanges in

Physical EnvironmentWeather

Changes.Floods and

other natural catastrophes.

Interaction With PeopleWarBuilding of

City-StatesEmpire

buildingTrade