Proceedings of the

42nd Annual Meeting

October 5-9, 1998

Chicago, Illinois

Volume 2

Published by the

Human Factors and Ergonomics SocietyP.O.Box 1369

Santa Monica, CA 90406-1369 USA

310/394-1811,Fax 310/394-2410

http://hfes.org, hfes@compuserve.com

X91 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ndANNUAL MEETING-1998

Sources of Stress and Boredom in Vigilance 764

Mark W. Scerbo

Workload and Vigilance 769

Joel S. Warm, William N. Dember, and

Peter A. Hancock

What Do Modern Brain Imaging Techniques Tell Us **

about Vigilance?

Raja Parasuraman

Arousal and Vigilance: Still Vital at Fifty 772

Gerald Matthews and D. Roy Davies

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN

PERFORMANCE

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: TOOLS FOR 777*

IMPROVING HF RESEARCH? [Symposium]William J. Bramble, Jr. (Chair),

Margaret M. Sweeney (Cochair)

Applications of Individual Differences: Assessment of 779

Environmental Influences

Alvah C. Bittner, Jr.

Effects of Individual Differences in Propensity for 784

Feedback in the Training ofAb Initio Pilots

Jefferson M. Koonce

Identifying and Developing Managerial and Technical 787

Competencies: Differing Methods and Differing Results

Ronald John Lofaro

An Automated Test Battery for Advanced Aviator 792

Assessment

Robert S. Kennedy, Norman D, Lane, William J.

Bramble, Jr., and Julie M. Drexler

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND PERFORMANCE

[Lecture]

Alvah C, Bittner, Jr. (Chair), William C. Tirre (Cochair)

The Path to Airline Employment: Flight Experience and 797

Performance in a Full-Mission Flight Simulation

William J. Bramble, Jr., and Jefferson M. Koonce

The Role ofIndividual Differences in 801

Accident Involvement

Margaret M. Sweeney

Focused Attention in the Context ofIrrelevant Speech 806

Tonya Smith-Jackson

Need for Cognition: An Individual Differences Approach 811to Understanding Warning Effectiveness

Vincent C. Conzola and Katherine W. Klein

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES CONSTRUCTS IN HFRESEARCH [Lecture]

William C. Tirre (Chair), Alvah C. Bittner, Jr. (Cochair)

Individual Differences in Perceived Importance of SWAT 816

Workload Dimensions: Effects on Judgment and

Performance in a Virtual High-Workload Environment

Thomas E. Nygren, Susan K. Schnipke, and

Gary B. Reid

Task-Induced Stress and Individual Differences in Coping 821

Gerald Matthews and Sian E. Campbell

Identification of Stable Asymptotic Performance on 826

Computer-Based Cognitive Tests

Byeong-Cheol Hwang, Robert E. Schlegel, and

Randa L. Shehab

General Ability, Conscientiousness, and Stability as 831

Predictors of Regional Airline First Officer

Job Performance

William J. Bramble, Jr.

AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 AND 2 836

Volume 2

INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS

IE POTPOURRI [Lecture]

Carolyn M. Sommerich (Chair), Waldemar Karwowski

(Cochair)

Relationships between Clinical Scales on Severity of 841

Symptoms and Electrodiagnostic Measures on

Abnormality of Nerve Conduction in

Carpal Tunnel SyndromeHeecheon You

Evaluation of Glove Liners with Objective, Subjective, 846

and Performance Measures

Shih-Chieh Chen, Ibraheem Tarawneh,

Bread Goodwin, and Ram R. Bishu

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Effects on Grip 851

Force Coordination

Brian D. Lowe and Andris Freivalds

'Abstract only"Manuscript not submitted lor publication

PROCEEDINGS cflheHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998

Enhancing Visual Inspection with Binocular Rivalry: 856

Integrating Three Studies

Girish Maheswar and Colin G. Drury

COMPUTERWORKSTATION ISSUES [Lecture]

Rajendra D. Paul (Chair), Nancy L. J. Larson (Cochair)

Effects of VDT Viewing Angle on User Biomechanics, 861

Comfort, and Preference

Carolyn M. Sommerich, Sharon M. B. Joines, and

Jennie P. Psihogios

Reliability Evaluation of the BIFMA Chair 866

Measurement Device

Robert J. Beaton

The Effects of VDT Location on User Posture 871

and Comfort: A Field StudyJennie P. Psihogios, Carolyn M. Sommerich,

Gary A. Mirka, and Sam D. Moon

Effects of Computer Keyboard Setup Parameters and 876

User's Anthropometric Characteristics on Wrist

Deviation and Typing EfficiencyRichard W. Marklin, Guy G. Simoneau, and

David Hoffman

BACKS-1 [Lecture]

Philip A. Jacobs (Chair), Steven A. Lavender

(Cochair)

Building a Low Back Injury Risk Classifier Using 881

Evolutionary ComputationBrian J. Carnahan and Mark S. Redfern

Assessing Low Back Stress in the Construction Industry 886

Using the Continuous Assessment ofBack Stress

(CABS) Method

Gary A. Mirka, Daniel P, Kelaher, D. Todd Nay,and Brad M. Lawrence

Back Lift versus Leg Lift: A Dynamic Lifting 891

Strategy Index

Xudong Zhang, Maury A. Nussbaum, and

DonB.Chaffm

The Relationship between Occupational Musculoskeletal 896

Discomfort and Workplace, Personal, and

Trunk Kinematic Factors

W. Gary Allread, William S. Marras, and

Fadi A. Fathallah

BACKS-2 [Lecture]

Waldemar Karwowski (Chair), Richard W. Marklin

(Cochair)

Low Back Disorder Risk and Spinal Loading during 901

Patient Transfer

William S. Marras, Kermit G. Davis HI,

Brian C. Kirking, and Pat K. Bertsche

Is Changing Box Weight an Effective Ergonomic Control? 906

Kermit G. Davis and William S. Marras

Does a Lifting Belt Protect the Spine during Sudden 911*

Unexpected Loading?Steven A. Lavender, Kharwar Shakeel,

James S. Thomas, and Gunnar B. J. Andersson

Effect of Maximum Acceptable versus Maximum 912

Capacity Instructions for Three Lifting TasksValerie J. Rice, Michelle Murphy, Marilyn A. Sharp,Bob Mello, and Randal Bills

ANALYSIS IN THE WORKPLACE-1 [Lecture]George A, Chuckrow (Chair), M. Susan Hallbeck

(Cochair)

Dynamic Shoulder Loads in Reaching and Materials 917

Handling Tasks

Don B, Chaffin, Christopher Georgi, Gerri Baker,and Maury A, Nussbaum

The Influence ofKnife Sharpness on Poultry 921

Processing Operator Exertions

and the Effectiveness of ResharpeningRichard L. Szabo, Robert G. Radwin, and

Chris J. Henderson

Impact Forces during Exit from Commercial Vehicles 926

Fadi A. Fathallah and John P. Cotnam

Comprehensive Ergonomics Evaluation ofRetail 931

Ice Cream ShopsPatrick G. Dempsey, Raymond W, McGorry,John P. Cotnam, and Theodore K. Braun

ANALYSIS IN THE WORKPLACE-2 [Lecture]Ram R. Bishu (Chair), Carolyn M. Sommerich

(Cochair)

The Measurement of Sensitivity ofNumerical Parameters 936

in Quantification of Local Muscle FatigueJung-Yong Kim and Myung-Chul Jung

The Load of Perceptual Indifference in Human Cognition 940

of Load Heaviness in Manual Lifting TasksWaldemar Karwowski

A Validity Study of Fixed-Internal Observations for the 945

Assessment of Body Postures during Construction Work

Victor L. Paquet, Laura Punnett, and Bryan 0. Buchholz

'Abstract only

"Manuscriptnot submitted forpublication

XVlll PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42nd ANNUAL MEETING -1998

LBD Risk Factors and the Structural Stability Tolerance 950

ofthe Lumbar SpineKevin P. Granata

MACROERGONOMICS

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE,

HIGH-PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATIONS,

AND MACROERGONOMICS [Lecture]Brian M. Kleiner (Chair), Robert L. Getty (Cochair)

Influence ofOrganizational Culture in Europe on 954

Perceptions of the Role of POS Technology in the Store

Mark S. Hoffman, Sally M, Cohen,

Myra P. Bussemakers, and Rasmus de Gruil

Level of Joint Optimization 959

N. Delia Grenville and Brian M. Kleiner

Integrating Micro- and Macroergonomics 964

David J. Gilmore and Derek Millard

The Corruption of a Measurement System 969

Due to Unintentional Bias:

A Preliminary Macroergonomic StudyMatthew R. James and Mario G. Beruvides

PRACTICES, SUCCESSES, AND FUTURE**

DIRECTIONS OF MACROERGONOMICS [Panel]

Susan M. Dray (Chair), Barrett S. Caldwell (Cochair)

Panelists: Hal W. Hendrick, Andrew S. Imada,

Gunilla Bradley, and Mitsuo Nagamachi

MACROERGONOMICS ANDORGANIZATIONAL

PERFORMANCE [Lecture]

Andrew S. Imada (Chair), Frank T. Conway (Cochair),

Michael J. O'Neill (Discussant)

Quantifying Office Productivity: An Ergonomic 974

Framework

Alan Hedge

Measurement of Ergonomic Program in a Workplace: 979

A Proposed Framework

Hardianto Iridiastadi

Measuring the Impact of Work Environment Change 984

Programs: A Systems ApproachMichelle M. Robertson, Marie A. Robinson,

Michael J. O'Neill, and Julie Sless

USER-CENTERED DESIGN, PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES,

ANDTQM IN MACROERGONOMICS [Lecture]

Gunilla Bradley (Chair), Marie A. Robinson (Cochair)

Integrating User-Centered Design within a Virtual Product 989

Development Organization: Observations fromthe Field

Melroy E. D'Souza, Dean J. Dykstra, and Anton Poole

Using Site-Based Techniques to Evolve the Product 994

Development Process in Manufacturing Industries

Eric N. Wiebe

The Influence of Job Factors in the Introduction of 999

Rest Breaks for Intensive Data Entry Work

Frank T. Conway

Impact of Total Quality Management on Work 1004

Environment Dimensions: An Empirical Study in

the Public Sector

Alvaro D. Taveira, Craig A. James, Ben-Tzion Karsh,

and Francois Sainfort

MEDICAL SYSTEMS AND

REHABILITATION

ENHANCING PATIENT SAFETY: A NEW 1009*

MOVEMENT IN HEALTH CARE [Panel]

David D. Woods (Chair)Panelists: Martin Hatlie, Richard I. Cook,

Michael O'Connor, and John W. Senders

DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR DIVERSE

POPULATIONS [Lecture]

Jeffrey M. Gerth (Chair), Deborah A. Mitta (Cochair)

Longitudinal Observations of Low Back Pain Recovery 1013

Sue A. Ferguson

The Orcadian Change of Stature for Young Korean Men 1018

Keoun Nah

Clinical Assessment of Electromagnetic Compatibility 1023

of Hearing Aids and Digital Wireless Phones

Robert E. Schlegel, Shalini Srinivasan, Hank Grant,

Randa L. Shehab, and Shivakumar Raman

Results of Accessibility Analysis of HTML and the 1028

Implications for Future Information Technologies

Wendy Chisholm and Gregg C. Vanderheiden

HUMAN FACTORS AT THEHOSPITAL [Lecture]

Valerie J. Rice (Chair)

Taking the Blame Off of Health Care Workers: 1033

Using a Systems Approach to Determine the

Contributing Factors to Needleslick Injuries

KristaR. Mcintosh

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted tor publication

PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998 xix

A Work Domain Analysis of Patient Monitoring in 1038

the Operating RoomJohn R. Hajdukiewicz, D. John Doyle, Paul Milgram,Kim J. Vicente, and Catherine M. Bums

Human Error in Patient-Controlled Analgesia: 1043

Incident Reports and Experimental Evaluation

Laura Lin

Anesthesia Alarms in Surgical Context 1048

F. Jacob Seagull and Penelope M. Sanderson

HUMAN FACTORS, HUMAN ERROR, AND 1053*

PATIENT SAFETY [Panel]

Marilyn Sue Bogner (Chair), Yoel Donchin (Cochair)Panelists: Yoel Donchin, Walter A. Gantert,

Robert L. Helmreich, Michael H. Rejman,

Wimvan Vuuren, and Kenneth Dandurand

Contributors: Frank Tendick, Marco G. Patti,

Lawrence W. Way, Kalif Edward, NogaMani,Zvi Stern, Turck van der Schaaf, and Christine E. Shea

SAFETY

WARNINGS AND RISK PERCEPTION [Lecture]

J. Paul Frantz (Chair), David R. Lowoll (Cochair)

Behavioral Response to the Presence of Personal 1058

Protective Equipment: Implications for Risk CompensationCurt C. Braun and Jason W. Fouts

Relative Importance of Different Verbal Components in 1063

Conveying Hazard-Level Information in WarningsStephen L. Young and Michael S. Wogalter

Intended Carefulness for Voiced Warning Signal Words 1068

Rana S, Barzegar and Michael S. Wogalter

Determining the Preferred Order of Materials Safety 1073

Data Sheets (MSDs): A User-Centered Approach

Tonya Smith-Jackson andMichael S. Wogalter

ARNOLD M. SMALL LECTURE [Lecture]

Jake L. Pauls (Chair)

Societal Human Factors: Broadening the Horizons **

Patricia Waller

AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY [Lecture]

Ellen C. Haas (Chair), Mark L. Resnick (Cochair)

Perceived Risks and Injuries Associated with Nonuse 1078

of the Manual Lap Belt in Motorized Shoulder Belt

Restraint SystemsDavid R, Lowoll

Perception ofRisk in Automobiles: Is It Accurate? 1083

S. David Leonard and Edward W. Karnes

Tire-Rim Mismatch Explosions: The Role of 1088

On-Product WarningsKenneth R. Laughery, Sr., Keith A. Laughery,and David R. Lowoll

Effects ofImitative Behavior on Seat Belt Usage: 1093

Three Field Observational Studies

Seungkweon Hong, Dongyool Kim,

Kathryn Kritkausky, and Raheel Rashid

WORKPLACE ANALYSIS [Lecture]

David W. Martin (Chair), N. Clayton Silver

(Cochair)

Using Coal Miners' Experienceto Identify Effective 1098

Operating CuesKimM. Cornelius, Lisa J. Steiner, and

Fred C. Turin

Work Sampling Applied to a Human Factors Analysis 1103

of Mine Worker PositioningLisa J. Steiner, Kim M. Cornelius, Fred C. Turin,

and Dara M. Stock

Evaluation ofMining Activities Using a Scenario 1108

Interview ApproachFred C. Turin, LisaJ. Steiner, and Kim M. Cornelius

A Time-Interval Analysis of Repetitive Motion Injuries i 113

in a Sorting FacilityRolando Quintana and Ivan Pawlowitz

SAFETY POTPOURRI [Lecture]Stan Oliver (Chair), Meredith L. McQuilkin(Cochair)

Can 3D Auditory Warnings Enhance Helicopter 1117

Cockpit Safety?

Ellen C. Haas

Eye Activity Correlates ofFatigue during a Visual 1122

Tracking TaskKarl F. Van Orden, Tzyy-Ping Jung,and Scott Makeig

Auditory Icons as Impending Collision System Warning U27

Signals in Commercial Motor Vehicles

Steven M. Belz, Gary S. Robinson, and

John G. Casali

Eye Movement Relationships to Excessive Performance 1132

Error in Aviation

Daniel J. Callan

'Abstract only"Manuscript not submitted for publication

xc PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUAL MEETING -1998

SPECIAL SESSIONS

GAMES FOR EXPLAINING HUMAN FACTORS **

[Sandbox]Ronald G. Shapiro (Chair)

Participants: Ronald G. Shapiro, Carolyn Bussi,

Eric E. Swensen, Robert B. Rummer, and

David C. Alexander

ADVANCING HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS WITH 1137*

NEW TECHNOLOGIES: THE SKY'S NO LIMIT

[Symposium]

Mary L. Hardzinski (Chair), John Trimble (Cochair),Arnold M. Lund (Discussant)

Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System **

Eugene I. Farber

A Peek into the Future User Experiences on the Web 1138*

Pawan R. Vora and Scott H, Isensee

The Office of the Future **

Paul F. Allie

Computer-Aided Instruction and Future Training **

Larry Birnbaum

TRANSITIONING FROM STUDENTTO 1139*

PROFESSIONAL: WHAT'S IN YOUR FUTURE?

[Panel]Ronald G. Shapiro (Chair), Anthony D. Andre

(Cochair)Panelists: Anthony D. Andre, Eugenie Bertus,

Melroy E. D'Souza, D. Kristen Gilbert,Arnold M. Lund, and Douglas A. Wiegmann

DEMONSTRATIONS 1 [Demonstrations]Jeanne Weaver (Chair), Lori G. Rhodenizer (Cochair)

Eye/Voice Aware Cockpit Interface Demonstration 1144*

Gloria L. Calhoun, Grant R. McMillan,

Franz Hatfield, and Michael W. Jennings

On-Line Aviation Safety Inspection System (OASIS): 1145*An Electronic Job Aid for the Aircraft Safety Inspector

David C. Kraus

The Basic Research UAV Task Environment (BRUTE) 1146*

Stephen E. Watson and Richard F. Walker

Argus: A System for Varying Cognitive Workload 1147*

Michael J. Schoelles and Wayne D. Gray

DEMONSTRATIONS 2 [Demonstrations]Anand K. Gramopadhye (Chair), David C. Kraus

(Cochair)

"Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

ScanEval: A Toolkit for Eye-Tracking Research and 1148*Attention-Driven Applications

William J. Weiland, James M. Stokes, and

Joan M. Ryder

Demonstration of the Virtual Retinal Display: 1149*

A New Display Technology Using Scanned Laser LightHomer L. Pryor, Thomas A. Furness in,

and Erik Viirre

Design-by-BIur: An Integrated Software Environment 1150*for Optimizing the Legibility of GraphicalSymbol Signs

Frank Schieber

Prototype Depth-Separated Coincident Transparent 1151*

(True Depth) DisplayWilliam P. Marshak and David J. Darkow

TO PHD OR NOT TO PHD? 1152*THAT IS THE QUESTION! [Panel]

Victoria S. Schoenfeld (Chair), Ronald G. Shapiro(Cochair)

Panelists: Megan L. Brown, Dieter W. Jahns,Anthony D. Andre, Arnold M. Lund,F. Thomas Eggemeier, and Nancy J. Cooke

DEMONSTRATIONS 3

John E. Deaton (Chair), John S. Barnett (Cochair)

Scaled Worlds as Research Tools: A Demonstration 1157*

Brian D. Ehret

PTAP: A PC-Based Proofreading Task for Examination 1158*

of Verbal Information ProcessingCurtis A. Jackson and Tonya Smith-Jackson

Subject-Actuated Viewer and Data Logger (SAVDL) 1159*

David W. Osborne and John J. Giurleo

INSPECTION AND QUALITY: 1160*

HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES [Symposium]Anand K. Gramopadhye (Chair), Ram R. Bishu

(Cochair)

Visual Inspection of Circuit Boards: Effect of Gender, 1161

Age, Defect Type, and Defect ProportionJ. Klamklay and Ram R. Bishu

Can We Train Humans To Be Systematic Inspectors? 1165

George M. Nickles, Valerie Sacrez, and

Anand K. Gramopadhye

Inspection in Process Control 1170

Somchart Thepvongs and Brian M. Kleiner

PROCEEDINGS oftlw HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY42ndANNUAL MEETING -1998

The Effect of Pacing and Explicit Costs on Human 1175

Decision-Making Performance in InspectionTom McDonald and Anand K. Gramopadhye

SURFACE TRANSPORTATION

WORK ENVIRONMENT ISSUES IN SURFACE

TRANSPORTATION [Lecture]

Stephen J. Reinach (Chair), Stan Oliver (Cochair)

An Analytical Look at Live and CB Speech 1180

Intelligibility in Contemporary Commercial Truck Cabs

Based on the Articulation Index

Suzanne E. Lee, Gary S. Robinson, and

John G. Casali

Safety Issues in Local/Short Haul Trucking: 1185

The Drivers' PerspectiveRichard J. Hanowski, Walter W. Wierwille,

Andrew W. Gellatly, Ronald R. Knipling, and

Robert R. Carroll

Work Activities and Operational Errors at Selected 1190

Vessel Traffic Services

Ronald B. Hoffman, Bruce R. Riley,and

Frederic A. Dion

CAN HUMANFACTORS TECHNOLOGIES 1195*

FILL THE GAPS WHEN THERE ARE FEWER

PEOPLE TODOTHE JOB? [Panel]

Michael G. Lilienthal (Chair), Robert J. Smillie (Cochair)

Panelists: J. Robert Bost, Martin Kamhi,

David Meister, Cynthia O. Dominguez,

Thomas B. Sheridan, and Wallace H. Wulfeck

DRIVING TASK SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

SOURCES [Lecture]

Barry S. Grant (Chair), Daniel V. McGehee (Cochair)

User Preferences for Information Types in 1200

Advanced Traveler Information Systems Applications

Neil D. Lerner, Richard W. Huey, Jr., Paul Zador,

Jeffrey L. Harpster, and Douglas Duncan

The Effectiveness of Educating Pedestrians about 1205

Their Own Nighttime Visibility

Richard A. Tyrrell and Chad W. Patron

Frequency of Use of Automotive Stereo Controls 1210

David G. Curry and Thomas Jaworski

Evaluation of Human Factors Design Guidelines for 1215

Traveler Information SystemsJohn L. Campbell

COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR 1220*

TRANSPORTATION HUMAN FACTORS

[Symposium]Barry H. Kantowitz (Chair), M. Joseph Moyer(Cochair)

A Stopping-DistanceModel for Driver Speed 1222

Decision Making in Curve ApproachWilliam H. Levison, Barry H. Kantowitz,

M. Joseph Moyer, and Mark Robinson

The Utility of Different Types of Models: Crew Size 1227

Evaluation in the Maritime IndustryJohn D. Lee

OMAR Human Performance Modeling in a Decision 1232

Support ExperimentStephen E. Deutsch and Nichael L. Cramer

Advanced Parking Management Systems: 1237

Models of Drivers' Parking Strategies

Amy E. Holton and Donald L. Fisher

CONTROL/DISPLAY INTERFACES [Lecture]

Jonathan M. Hankey (Chair), Michael A. Mollenhauer

(Cochair)

Warning Tone Selection for a Reverse ParkingAid System 1242

Gretchen P. Zobel

Speech Recognition and Automotive Applications: 1247

Using Speech to Perform In-Vehicle Tasks

Andrew W. Gellatly and Thomas A. Dingus

A Field-Based Investigation of a Computer Map for 1252

Armored Fighting VehicleNavigation

Nicholas I. Beagley and Roland J. Edwards

Evaluating theMlA2 Tank Commander's Interface: 1257

The Battle of Input Devices

Jennifer A. Gross, Nancy G. Ciappara,

Thomas E. Smist, and Peter J. Benson

AGE AND DRIVING SKILL [Lecture]

John L. Campbell (Chair), Cher Carney (Cochair)

Subsidiary-Task Assessment of Age Differences in 1262

Attentional Capacity during Real and Simulated Driving:

A Preliminary Analysis of theData

Frank Schieber and Michael L. Harms

The Driving Habits of Older Adults with Visual 1266

ImpairmentAlex Chaparro, Loretta N. McGregor, and

Laszlo Stumpmauser

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

XXII PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY42ndANNUAL MEETING -1998

From Managing the Car to Managing the Road: 1271

The Development of Driving Skills

Helen Altaian Klein, Eric John Vincent, and

Judith J. Isaacson

The Effects of Age and ATIS Use on 1276

Driving Performance: A Simulator StudyJean E. Fox

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

SYSTEMS DESIGN FOR HUMANS [Lecture]

John M. O'Hara (Chair)

When Soft Controls Get Slippery: User Interfaces and 1281

Human Error

William F. Stubler and John M. O'Hara

Reducing Cannon Plug Connector Pin Selection Time 1286

and Errors through Enhanced Data Presentation Methods

David E, Kancler, Laurie L. Quill, Allen R. Revels,

Robert R. Webb, and Barbara L. Masquelier

Application and Utility of a Human-System Interface 1291

Style Guide

Dalene M. Shin

Designing for Usability with COTS: 1295

How Useful Is a Style Guide?

Jo Hoffman and Catherine A. Cook

PAST AND FUTURE SYSTEMS [Lecture]

Louis M. Adams (Chair)

Human Factors Engineering Lessons Learned and **

Success Stories for Military-Related SystemsMark A. Cummings, Frank C. Gentner, and

Janet E. Lincoln

Improving the Accessibility of 1300

User-Accessible Archives

Karin Bareness, Barrett S. Caldwell,

Calvin Chan, Jacob Stadler, and Jeff Watson

Surface Combatants of the Future—Reduced Crew 1304

WarshipsJ. Robert Bost, Jennifer A. B. McKneely, and

Trish Hamburger

Enhancing Training Systems Design: Implementing 1309

an Event-Based ApproachRandall L. Oser, James W. Gualtieri, and Janis A.

Cannon-Bowers

'Abstract only

"Manuscriptnot submitted for publication

SYSTEMS ANDTASK ANALYSIS [Lecture]Laurel E. Allender (Chair)

PTA: Perceptual Control Theory-Based Task Analysis 1314

Philip S. E. Farrell and Sandra CheVy

Job Skill Assessment Software System 1319

Beverly G. Knapp and Barry W. Tillman

A Systems Approach to the Collection of Aviation 1322

Safety Data

Amy L. Mykityshyn and Deborah A. Mitta

Integrating a Systems Analysis Approach within 1326Aircraft Maintenance Environments

Deborah A. Mitta, Laurie L. Quill,

Barbara L. Masquelier, and Patrick A. Pohle

TEST AND EVALUATION

USABILITY TESTING [Lecture]

William F. Moroney (Chair), David W. Biers (Cochair)

Usability Evaluation and Prototype Fidelity: 1331

Users and Usability Professionals

Michael B. Catani and David W. Biers

The Evaluator Effect in Usability Studies: 1336

Problem Detection and Severity JudgmentsNiels Ebbe Jacobsen, Morten Hertzum, and

Bonnie E. John

Who Finds What in Usability Evaluation 1341

Limin Fu, Gavriel Salvendy, and Lori Turley

An Empirical Study of Perspective-Based 1346

Usability InspectionZhijun Zhang, Victor Basili, and Ben Shneiderman

T&E POTPOURRI [Lecture]David W. Biers (Chair), William F. Moroney (Cochair)

A Practical Method for the Assessment of Work-Related 1351

Musculoskeletal Risks—Quick Exposure Check (QEC)

Guangyan Li and Peter Buckle

The Validity of Anthropometric Predictions Derived 1356

from Proportional Multipliers of Stature

Aaron J. Gannon, William F. Moroney, and

David W. Biers

In Search of an Objective Metric for Complex Displays 1361

David J. Darkow and William P. Marshak

PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING-1998 xxiii

Innovative Measures ofAccuracy and Situational 1366

Awareness during Land NavigationMary Mc. Wesler, William P. Marshak, and

Monica M. Glumm

TRAINING

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT TRAINING 1371*

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS? [Panel]

Renee J. Stout (Chair), Eduardo Salas (Cochair)

Panelists: Gary A. Klein, Marvin S. Cohen,

Judith M. Orasanu, and Eduardo Salas

FACTORSINFLUENCING TRAINING IN

AVIATION SETTINGS [Lecture]

Randall L. Oser (Chair), Elizabeth Blickensderfer

(Cochair)

The Use of a Personal Computer-Based Aviation 1374

Training Device in Ab Initio Flight TrainingEric A. Vaden, Ken K. Westerlund,

Jefferson M. Koonce, and William Lewandowski

The Use of Augmentation in Modeling Displays 1378

Lori G. Rhodenizer, James A. Pharmer,

Clint A, Bowers, and Maureen L. Bergondy

The Implications of Image Collimation for Flight 1383

Simulator Training

Byron J. Pierce and George A. Geri

Instructor Use ofEye Position-Based Feedback for 1388

Pilot TrainingPaul A. Wetzel, Gretchen M. Anderson, and

Barbara A, Barelka

TRAINING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN

INDUSTRY: CURRENT TRENDS [Invited Address]

Renee J. Stout (Chair), Katrina Ricci (Cochair)

Training Research and Practice in Industry:**

Current Trends

Scott I. Tannenbaum

APPLYING ISD TO A SOCIAL PROBLEM: 1393*

SYSTEMATICDEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER

TRAINING COMPUTER-BASED PROGRAM

[Symposium]John F. Brock (Chair), Donald L. Fisher (Cochair)

The Impetus for the Development of a New Risk 1394

Management Training Program for

Young Teen Drivers

David K. Willis

'Abstract only

"Manuscriptnot submitted forpublication

Driver Education Curriculum Outline 1396

Lawrence P. Lonero, Kathryn M. Clinton,and Douglas M. Black

Design and Presentation of a CD-ROM Driving 1401

Program (Driver-ZED)

Deborah Blank and Rob McCord

Evaluation of PC-Based Younger Driver Training 1403

Program: Use of a Driving Simulator

Donald L. Fisher, Robert A. Glaser, Nancy E. Laurie,

Alexander Pollatsek, and John F. Brock

ISSUES IN TEAMTRAINING [Lecture]Herbert H. Bell (Chair), Lori G. Rhodenizer (Cochair)

Team Job Analysis: A Critical Training Need? 1408

David P. Baker, Eduardo Salas, and Janice A.

Cannon-Bowers

Emphasis, Gender, and Interaction Anxiety in Individual 1412

and Dyadic Training Protocols

Barry P. Goettl, Michael Anthony, Katarina Derek,

Shirley Snooks, andWayne L. Shebilske

Assessing Team Knowledge Structures: Findings 1417

from the Field

James W. Gualtieri, John J. Burns, Donita Phipps,Darian Reeves, and Linda G. Pierce

Application of Hand-Held PC Technology to Support 1422

Evaluation ofTactical Decision-Making Performance

Darian Reeves, John J, Burns, Carol R. Paris,

Joan H, Johnston, and Denise Lyons

TRAINING AND VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY [Lecture]

Florian Jentsch (Chair), Elizabeth J. Mufliz (Cochair)

Navigational Training in Virtual and Real Buildings 1427

Deborah M. Clawson, Michael S. Miller,

Benjamin A. Knott, and Marc M. Sebrechts

Can Computer-Based Assessment Be Used for Motor 1432

Skills Learning? A Training Transfer Study

Barbara J. Baniett, Bruce Perrin, Jim Curtin, and

Katrin G. Helbing

To VE or Not to VE? A Comparison ofTwo VE 1437

Technologies for TrainingSteven J. Kass and Robert H, Ahlers

The Application of Virtual Presence Technology to 1442

Team TrainingPaul H. Radtke

TRAINING POTPOURRI [Lecture]

Barry P. Goettl (Chair), James Gualtieri (Cochair)

PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ndANNUAL MEETING -1998

Guidelines for the Use of Multimedia in Instruction 1447

James R. Williams

Training for Attentional Control in Novice Car Drivers: 1452

A Simulator StudyMichael A. Regan, Hamish A. Deery, and

Thomas J. Triggs

Training for Systematic Search Using a Job Aid 1457

Scott C. Koenig, GuillaumeM. Y. Liebhold, and

Anand K. Gramopadhye

Instructional Treatments, Advance Organizers, and 1462

Novice Performance on a Telecommunications Network

Janice D. Langan-Fox and Jennifer Waycott

VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

SICKNESS IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS [Lecture]Curt C. Braun (Chair), Larry Hettinger (Cochair)

A Comparison of Sickness Symptoms between Dropout 1466

and Finishing Participants in Virtual Environment Studies

Jennifer A. Ehrlich and Eugenia M. Kolasinski

Relationships between Head-Shoulder Divergences and 1471

Sickness in a Virtual Environment

Jennifer A. Ehrlich, Michael J. Singer, and

Robert C. Allen

Aftereffects from Virtual Environment Exposure: 1476

How Long Do They Last?

Kay M. Stanncy and Robert S. Kennedy

The Effects ofImage Scale Factor on Vestibulo-Ocular 1481

Reflex Adaptation and Simulator Sickness in

Head-Coupled Virtual Environments

Mark H. Draper

PRESENCE AND TRAINING IN VIRTUAL

ENVIRONMENTS [Lecture]Michael P. Snow (Chair), James P. Bliss (Cochair)

Effect of Continuous versus Discrete Input Devices **

on Presence within Virtual Environments

Woodrow Barfield and Kevin M. Baird

Effect of Update Rate and Type of Input Device **

on Presence

Kevin M. Baird and Woodrow Barfield

The Effects ofTraining and Visual Detail on Accuracy 1486

ofMovement Production in Virtual and Real-World

Environments

Beverly K. Jaeger

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

Effects of Age and Field of View on Spatial Learning 1491 1

in an Immersive Virtual Environment I

Faith A. McCreary and Robert C. Williges

MEASURING VR SICKNESS/NAVIGATION IN VR I

[Lecture] ]

Geb W. Thomas (Chair), Dennis C. Neale (Cochair)

The Effects of the Interface on Navigation in Virtual 1495'

Environments 1

Barry Peterson, Maxwell J. Wells, 1

Thomas A. Furness III, and Earl Hunt

Using Psychophysics to Measure Negative Side Effects 1501

in Immersive Virtual Environments

Michael K. McGee

Virtual Environment Sickness: Adaptation to and 1506

Recovery from a Search Task

Michael J. Singer, Jennifer A. Ehrlich, and

Robert C. Allen

Simulator Sickness and Related Findings in a Virtual 1511

Environment

Eugenia M. Kolasinski and Richard D. Gilson

INTERACTION, SEARCH, AND AUDITORY

LOCALIZATION IN VR [Lecture]

Stephen R. Ellis (Chair), Paul Milgram (Cochair)

A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Input Devices in a 1516

Volumetric Interactive Virtual Environment WorkspaceRobert G. Eggleston, William P. Janson, and

Kenneth A. Aldrich

Performance Errors in Virtual Work: Separating 1521

Display and Input Device Effects of a Virtual

Environment Interface SystemRobert G. Eggleston, William P. Janson, and

Kenneth A. Aldrich

Conformality and Target Cueing; Presentation of 1526

Symbology in Augmented RealityMichelle Yeh, Christopher D. Wickens, and

F. Jacob Seagull

Three-Dimensional Auditory Localization of 1531

Nearby Sources

Douglas S. Brungart

VISUAL PERFORMANCE

PERCEIVING AND CONTROLLING MOTION

[Lecture]

John M. Flach (Chair), John A. Wise (Cochair)

PROCEEDINGS of the HUMANFACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998 xxv

Testing the Tau Hypothesis against Alternative 1535

Information Sources Used for Collision Avoidance

Terry W. Stanard and Matthew R. H. Smith

Use of Global Optical Flow Rate and Discontinuity Rate 1540

Depends on Their Validity as Determinants of EgospeedTerry G. Ballard, Tony Roach, and Brian P. Dyre

Small Fields of View Interfere with Perception of 1545

Heading during Active Control

but Not Passive Viewing

Joel B. Richman, Jennifer Stanfield, and

Brian P. Dyre

Trade-Offs between Spatial and Temporal Resolution in 1550

Driving Unmanned Ground Vehicles

Jan B. F. van Erp

DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY [Lecture]

Robert K. Osgood (Chair), Maxwell J. Wells (Cochair)

Human Factors Assessment of ISO 9241-7, 1555

"Requirements for Displays with Reflections," Part 1:

Readability of CRT DisplaysJoy K. Kempic, Gary S. Olacsi, and Robert J. Beaton

Human Factors Assessment of ISO 9241-7, 1560

"Requirements for Displays with Reflections," Part 2:

Perceived Image Quality ofCRTDisplays

Gary S. Olasci, Joy K. Kempic, and Robert J. Beaton

Image Quality of Privacy Filters for Displays 1565

Gary S. Olacsi, Joy K. Kempic, and Robert J. Beaton

The Virtual Retinal Display: A New Display Technology 1570

Using Scanned Laser Light

Homer L. Pryor, Thomas A. Furness HI, and

Eric Viirre

SO YEARS OF VIGILANCE RESEARCH: 1575*

WHERE ARE WE NOW? [Panel]Mark W. Scerbo (Chair), Joel S. Warm (Cochair)

Panelists: Earl L. Wiener, Raja Parasuraman,

Peter A. Hancock, D. Roy Davies, and Colin G. Drury

Contributors: Gerald Matthews and Angus Craig

DISPLAYS: ATTENTIONAND PERCEPTION [Lecture]

Leonard J. Williams (Chair), John J. Uhlarik (Cochair)

Emergent Features, Spatial Arithmetic, and Visual 1580

Scanning Behavior

Karel M. Hurts and Theo H. van Leeuwen

Sustained Attention and Feature-Integrative Displays 1585

Louis C. Miller, Joel S. Warm, William N. Dember,

and Donald A. Schumsky

The Effects ofthe Visual Metaphor in Determining 1590

Icon EfficacyMartin B. Curry, Sine J. P. McDougall, and

Oscar de Bruijn

Localization of a Monocularly Presented Virtual Object 1595

with Delayed Visual Feedback

Jeffrey W. McCandless, Stephen R. Ellis, and

Bernard D. Adelstein

POSTERS

Human Factors Problems Associated with Uninhabited 1600*

Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Valerie J. Gawron

Performance and Situation Awareness Benefits of 1600*

Explanatory Interfaces for Cockpit Decision SupportTessaL. Gorton, Stephen J. Selcon, and

Kerry B.Tatlock

Space-Time Display: An Experimental Concept for 1601*

Cockpit Display of Traffic Information in Free FlightKulathumani Krishnan, John A. Wise,

Gerald D. Gibb, and Edward R. Winkler

Air Traffic Controller Trust in a Conflict Probe during 1601*

Free Flight

Anthony J. Masalonis, Jacqueline A. Duley,Scott M. Galster, Diego J. Castano.UllaMetzger,

and Raja Parasuraman

Observations and Recommendations of a Simulated 1602*

Airport Emergency Response Management Exercise

Robert C. Allen, Shane A. Bowen,

James M. Hitt, Michael A. Guest,

Merrill J. Zavod, and MustaphaMouloua

An Assessment of the Efficacyof Event-Related 1602*

Potentials for Adaptive Automation

Lawrence J. Prinzel in, Frederick G. Freeman,

Mark W. Scerbo, Peter J. Mikulka, and Alan T. Pope

The New On-Line Version of the Man-Systems 1603*

Integration Standards (NASA-STD-3000)

Cletis R. Booher, Raymond McCall, and Erik Johnson

Long-Term Retention of Skilled Search for Young 1603*

and Older Adults

Monica M. Huff, Gabriel K. Rousseau, and

Wendy A. Rogers

Aging and Shiftwork: A Process Model 1604*

Jody R. Hoffman, Carlla S. Smith, Lawrence Smith,

Paul Norman, and Simon Folkard

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

xxvi PROCEEDINGS oftlu HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998

Examination of Age-Related Performance Differences 1604*

on a Complex Object Manipulation Task

in a Virtual Environment

Daniel P. McDonald, Dennis A. Vincenzi,

Wallace J. Sadowski, Jr., Michael A. Guest,

and Robert V. Muldoon

Monitoring Automation Failures: Effects of Age on 1605*

Performance and Cognitive Trade-Offs

Dennis A. Vincenzi and Mustapha Mouloua

Examination ofAge-Related Effects on the Performance 1605*

of a Virtual Environment Locomotion Task

Daniel P. McDonald, Dennis A. Vincenzi,

Robert V. Muldoon, Robert R, Tyler,

Amy S. Barlow, and Janan Al-Awar Smither

Console Interaction Data as a Source of Assessment 1606*

Infonnation in Scenario-Based Team Training

Thomas F. Carolan, DebraC. Evans,

J, Thomas Roth, and Shelly Scott-Nash

Human Decision Making in an Automated Environment 1606*

Mary T. Dzindolet, Hall Beck, Linda G. Pierce, and

Lloyd A. Dawe

Modeling Collaborative Activities in Complex Systems 1607*

with Fuzzy Cognitive MapsMichael D. McNeese and Karl Perusich

Efficient Cognitive Task Analysis: 1607*

Using Experts' Critiques to Acquire Expertise

Robert A. Pokorny

Brain and Behavior Changes during Sleep Deprivation 1608*

Maria L. Thomas, H. Sing, Gregory Belenky,

Henry H. Holcomb, Helen S. Maybcrg,Robert F, Dannals, Henry N. Wagner, Jr.,

David R. Thome, K. Popp, L. Rowland,

A. Welsh, and D. Redmond

The Use of Personal Data Assistants to Improve 1608*

Prospective Memory Performance

Brad Brubaker and Douglas J. Herrmann

Designing a Simulation Environment for 1609*

Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Operations

Based on Cognitive Task AnalysisLeo Gugerty, Ellen Hall, and William C. Tirre

The MIDAS User Interface 1609*

Cathy Pearl

Surface and Depth Task Characteristics Both Affect 1610*

Cognitive Mode

Philip T. Dunwoody, Eric Haarbaucr, Robert P.

Mahan, Christopher J. Marino, and Chu-Chun Tang

Sharing Situation Awareness in a Marine Corps 1610*

Command Post

Sherry Proctor, Mark St. John, James R. Callan,

and Steven Holste

Alternative User Interfaces: A Case Study of 16H*

Voice MessagingJohn P. Chin, Glenn A. Stephens, Patty Decock,

and Mark Conley

Applying Competitive Usability Advantage 1611*

Karen L. Hewitt, Veronica A. Frischman,

Jonathan K. Kies, and Joanne M. Walsh

Designing an Auditory Interface for a Call-Handling 1612*

Tutorial

Leslie G. Tudor

WebMetrics: A Methodology for Producing Usable 1612*

Web Sites

Jean Scholtz

Intelligent Agent Architecture for Configuration 1613*

Management

Pauline Fijalkiewicz and David C. Crow

Using Eye Tracking Data to Help Build 1613*

Better Web Pages

Stephen H. Ellis, Ron Candrea, Jason Misner,

Christopher Sean Craig, Christopher P. Lankford,

and Thomas E. Huchinson

Predicting Penetration of Intranet Content and

Applications 1614*

Eric M. Grose, Larry Varner, and Chris Forsythe

Effects of Display Types and Color on Comparison 1614*

Judgments Using Wide-Range,

High-Accuracy Gauges

George Ziets

User-Interface Design for Large-Scale Data and 1615*

Information Systems: What to Do When the

Sky's Not the Limit

Use Munro, Svetlana Knizhnik, John C. Lowry,

Raymond J. Lattanzio, Paul E. Van Hemel,

and Ralph Fuller

To Mouse or Not to Mouse, Is There an Alternative? 1615*

Gary J. Klatsky, David Sergent, Paul Rubacka,

Sandra Vanjaarsveld, Eric Roggenbaum,and Richard Platis

Protection of Human Subjects in HFE Research**

Subramaniam Deivanayagam

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

PROCEEDINGSofthe HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY 42ndANNUAL MEETING -1998 xxvu

Placement Opportunities for Human Factors Engineering 1616*

and Ergonomics Professionals in Industry,Government/Military, and Consulting Positions

Mark A. Cummings, Jason Barshay,

Erin M. Lesaigle, and William F. Moroney

Space-Dimension and the Biomechanical and 1616*

Psychological Aspects in Standing-Upand Sitting-Down Movements

Takashi Yokoi, Akihisa Higuchi, Naomi Takahashi,

Makoto Muraoka, Akihiko Takahashi, and Hajime Ogi

Case Study: Working Conditions of Magazine Booth 1617*

OperatorFrancisco Baptisa Pereira Mora, Vera Helena Moro

Bins Ely, and Maristela Moraes de Almeida

Perception and Comprehension of Consumer Warning 1617*

Information from Both Ecological and Age-RelatedPerspectives

Holly E. Hancock, Wendy A. Rogers,and Arthur D. Fisk

Skill Acquisition with Human and Computer 1618*

Teammates: Don't Sit So Close to Me

Jamie L. LoVerde and Mark W. Scerbo

The Effects of Complacency Potential and Boredom- 1618*

Proneness on Perceived Workload and

Task Performance in an Automated Environment

Julie M. Stark and Mark W. Scerbo

Working Posture Analysis ofaMonospace 1619*

Elevator Installation

Timo Leskinen, Jari Haijanen, Heikki Laitinen,

Seppo J. Kiviniemi, Peter Eagling, and

Hakan Pettersson

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Risk 1619*

Factors at Bareroot Tree Nurseries

Ninica L. Howard

Percentiles: You Don't Have to Take it Anymore 1620*

Kathleen M. Robinette, Kristie J. Nemeth, and

Marvin J. Dainoff

Lumbar Lordosis and Disc Pressure: Do They Correlate? 1620*

Gerald Weisman and Brian Irwin

Kinematics of the Pelvis and Lumbar Spine during 1621*

Kneeling, Stooping, and Standing Lifts

Sean Gallagher

Shiftwork Scheduling and Individual Factors Associated 1621*

with the Incidence of Injury/Illness at the WorkplaceAndris Freivalds, Antoinette Coker, Karen D.

Cunningham, and Ileecheon You

Changes in Task Patterns, Workload, and Mood of 1622*

Fatigued Resident Physicians Performing NighttimeAnesthesia Cases

Matthew B. Weinger, Shakha Vora,Oliver W. Herndon, and William J. Mazzei

Comparison ofThree Human Factors Models to 1622*

Reduce Injuries in a Hospital Environment

Laurie D. Wolf, Bradley A. Evanoff,Paula C. Bohr, and Anne Marie Dale

New Concepts in Telerehabilitation 1623*

David Brennan, Zuyi Wang, Corrina E. Lathan,Vineet Gupta, and Michael Rosen

Functional Capacity Evaluation ofBack Pain Patients 1623*

Althea K. Ward, Sherif M. Waly, and

Gregory Ward

Aggressive Rehabilitation for Spinal Surgery Patients 1624*

Jay L. Brand and Nancy D. Kishino

Developing CRM for the Oil and Gas Industry: 1624*

A Human Factors ApproachRobin Bryden, Paul O'Connor, and Rhona Flin

Improving Airplane Passenger Safety: 1625*

Human Factors Contributions to the Design of an

Automatic Overwing Exit

K. Michael Dresel and Ramzy Boutros

Safety Analysis of aMonospace Elevator Installation 1625*

Jari Haijanen, Timo Leskinen, Heikki Laitinen,

Seppo J. Kiviniemi, Peter Eagling, and

Hakan Pettersson

Effects of an In-Vehicle Distractor upon Driver 1626*

Performance

Lobat Hashemi, Lucinda A. Simmons,Heidi D. Howarth, and Peter A. Hancock

The Interrelationship of Warning Variables in a 1626*

Realistic Product Assembly Task

Michael J. Kalsher, Rudy Kellner, Brandi Johnson,

N. Clayton Silver, and Michael S. Wogalter

Mental Models and Contextual Influences on 1627*

Alarm-Related Behaviors

Daniel P. McDonald, Richard D. Gilson,

Mustapha Mouloua, Jeremy Dorman, and

Patricia Fouts

The Effects of Warning False Alarms on Driving Speed 1627*

Liva Nohre, David P. MacKinnon, and

Edward K. Sadalla

'Abstract only"Manuscript not submittedfor publication

xxviii PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998

A Border Surrounding a Warning Sign Affects 1628*

Looking Behavior: A Field Observational StudyMichael S. Wogalter and Raheel Rashid

What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: 1628*

Household Products and Events

S. David Leonard, Michael S. Wogalter, and

Rebecca S. Griffin

Guidelines for Age-Inclusive Design 1629*

Beth Meyer, Wendy A. Rogers, and Sherry E. Mead

Using Microsoft Word Macros to Automate Coding 1629*

of Interview TranscriptsBeth Meyer

Microsoft Excel Macros for Creating and Summarizing 1630*

Transaction LogsSherry E. Mead and David A. Philbin

Techniques for Evaluating Three Key 1630*

Environmental Factors in Stairway-Related Falls

Jake L. Pauls

Presenting the Programmable Task Battery for 1631 *

Research into Automation Bias/Automation-Induced

ComplacencyR. Jason Weiss, John de Groot, and J. Philip Craiger

Workload, Stress, and Fatigue Measurement in a 1631*

Fast-Paced Work Environment

Ami B. Becker, Stephen J. Reinach,Judith B. Gertler, and Thomas G. Raslear

Fatigue-Related Accidents: What Really Happens 1632*

Prior to a Crash?

Robert D. Peters, Maria L. Thomas, A. Welsh,

Elizabeth Alicandri, D. Thome, H. Sing,

E. Wagner, and G, Belenky

Examination of the Specific Simulator Sickness 1632*

Symptoms Elicited in the FHWA Driving Simulator

Essie K. Wagner and Kate J. Woerheide

Brightness and Detectability of Commercially 1633*

Available Colored Retroreflective Materials at NightDelbert K. Marsh II and Richard A. Tyrrell

Using Enhanced Visualization Techniques to Model 1633*

the Organization of Personnel on Naval Platforms

Laura Kemp, Colin Corbridge, David Carr, and

Greig McArthur

Human Factors Research in Aviation Security 1634*

X-Ray ScreeningNicole A.-M. Crombie and Andrew McClumpha

Measuring the Workload of Operators in 1,534*Automated Plants

Roger C. Jensen and William B. Askren

The Effects of Interface Management Tasks on I635*

Operator Performance in Complex SystemsJohn M. O'Hara, William F. Stabler,

Jerry A. Wachtel, and Isabelle Schoenfeld

Comparison of Two Emerging Workload Models: 1635*

POP and IP/PCT

Brad Cain

Innovative Approaches to Modeling: {(535*An Application in Missile Defense

Beverly G. Knapp, Susan Archer, and Rick Archer

Development and Evaluation of Symbology for a 1636*Thermal Night Driving Device

P. Scot Best, John W. Ruffner, and Kris M. Knutson

Comparing Change in Terrain Orientation Detection 1637*

Distances when Driving with Night Vision Devices

Dennis J. Collins, P. Scot Best, and Dino Piccione

DVI Syntax Based on Layered Protocol Theory 1637*

Philip S. E. Farrell, Ronald Ebbers, and

Paul Sarkar

Taking Stock of What We Know and Don't Know 1638*

about Usability Evaluation Methods

Anker Helms J0rgensen and Niels Ebbe Jacobsen

Intuitive Ergonomics and User Preference: Evidence 1638*

from the Kentucky Interface Preference InventoryJames Dallaire, Eric Stephens, andC. Melody Carswell

Assessing Team Shared Knowledge: A Field Test and 1639*

Implications for Team TrainingElizabeth Blickensderfer, Janis A.

Cannon-Bowers, and Eduardo Salas

Assessing Knowledge Structures: 1639*

An Analysis of Knowledge Standards

Anna L. Rowe, Nancy J. Cooke, and Krisela Rivera

Situation Assessment in Aircrews: A Taxonomy for 1640*

Organizing Cue-Based Information

David P. Baker, Laura Martin Milham, RenSe J. Stout,

Eduardo Salas, and Janis A. Cannon-Bowers

The Use of Participatory Ergonomics Training to 1640*

Prevent Low Back Pain in a Metallurgical Industry

Mftrcio Alves Marcal and CMudia Ferreira Mazzoni

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication

PROCEEDINGS ofthe HUMAN FACTORSAND ERGONOMICSSOCIETY42ndANNUALMEETING -1998 XXIX

Implementation of an Exercise Program to Prevent 1641 *

Cumulative Trauma Disorders

among Telephone OperatorsCl&udiaFerreiraMazzoni andMarcio Alves Marcal

The Influence of Expert and Novice Models on 1641*

Acquisition ofa Complex Skill

Julie A. Styles-Shipley, Barry P. Goettl, Catherine

Connolly, Katarina Derek, and Leticia Jimenez

Game-Like Tasks to Improve Motivation in Training 1642*

David A. Washburn and Pamela R. Raby

Fault Management as a Function of Training Methods 1642*

Terry Shikano and Gregory M. Corso

Requirements Analysis for a Night Vision Device 1643*

Driver Training Aid

John W. Ruffner, Dino Piccione, and

Kim G. Woodward

Display Augmentation Techniques for Formation 1643*

Detection TrainingJames A. Pharmer, Lori G. Rhodenizer,

Clint A. Bowers, and Maureen Bergondy

ASSIST: A Computer-Based Training Program for 1644*

Aircraft InspectorsAnand K. Gramopadhye, Brian J. Melloy, Hector Him,

Scott C. Koenig, George M. Nickles, Jillian

Kaufman, Jatin Thaker, Jamie Bingham, and David Fowler

Measuring Knowledge of Cognition during Training 1644*

Katrina E. Ricci

Dynamic Assessment: Using Technology to Enable 1645*

and Extend Performance Measurement

John J. Burns, James Gualtieri, Jennifer Fowlkes,

Darian Reeves, Donita Phipps, and Linda G. Pierce

CRM Training in the Navy: Where Are We Now? 1645*

Elizabeth J. Mufiiz, Dana M. Milanovich,

Ren6e J. Stout, and Eduardo Salas

Postural Instability and Motion Sickness in a 1646*

Fixed-Base Flight Simulator

Thomas A. Stoffgren, Lawrence J. Hettinger,Michael W. Haas, Merry Roe, and L. James Smart

Contextual Interference as a Training Paradigm for 1646*

Virtual RealityKevin P. Purcell and Mickey L. Monaghan

Airport Emergency Response Team Training: 1647*

A Virtual Solution

Robert C. Allen, Michael A. Guest, Shane A. Bowen,

James M. Hitt, Merrill J. Zavod, and Mustapha Mouloua

A Physiological Criterion for Driving Simulator Sickness 1647*

Hideyuki Mukae, Shu Asami, and Hirokazu Iguchi

Enhancing Visual and Force Feedback to Improve 1648*

Performance on a Surgical Simulator

Laura Traynor, Josh Davies, Kevin Geary, and

Corinna E. Lathan

Investigation of Virtual Reality Training Transfer to 1648*

the Real World

Diego J. Castano, Mary Christine Rinaldi,Michael R. Tracey, and Corinna E. Lathan

Examination of Age-Related Differences in a 1649*

Size-Estimation Virtual Environment Task

Daniel P. McDonald, Dennis A. Vincenzi, Michael A.

Guest, Wallace J. Sadowski, Jr., and Robert V. Muldoon

Virtu al Reality Training: The Effect of Sensory 1649*

Information on Route Knowledge AcquisitionJames P. Bliss and Philip D. Tidwell

Motion Analysis of a Virtual Human Technology 1650*

Kristie J. Nemeth

Relations between Postural Sway and Visual Performance 1650*

Randy J. Pagulayan, Thomas A. Stoffregen, and

Minoru Ueda

Mapping Effects for Orthogonally Oriented Stimulus 1651*

and Response Sets

Chen-Hui Lu and Robert W. Proctor

Back to Basics: Using fMRI Techniques to Aid 1651*

Display DesignGraham K. Edgar, Andrew T. Smith, and

Mark W. Greenlee

Bars vs. Stacked Bars: Effectiveness Is Task Dependent 1652*

Lisa J. Follette and Justin G. Hollands

Text Identifiers in Line Graphs: 1652*

Legends versus Labels Revisited

Michelle Roberts, Eric Stephens, and

C. Melody Carswell

Detection of Loss in Altitude in Natural and 1653 *

Snow-Covered Terrain

W. Kendal Roberts and Celestine A. Ntuen

AUTHOR INDEXTOVOLUMES 1 AND 2 1654

KEYWORD INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 AND 2 1659

'Abstract only

"Manuscript not submitted for publication