human evolution iii. nature, october 28, 2004 homo heidelbergensis kabwe (broken hill) zambia...
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Human Evolution III
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Nature, October 28, 2004
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Homo heidelbergensis
Kabwe(Broken Hill)
Zambia150-125kya
Brain 1,280cc
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Atapuerca, Spain
Sima de los Huesos300kya
Brain 1200-1300cc
Picture from National Geographic
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Sima de los Huesos
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Neandertals: Late Archaic H. sapiens
• Fit into the general scheme of human evolution, but are misfits.
• Brain size was larger than H. sapiens today.
• Face projects almost as if pulled forward.
• Lived in Europe and western Asia for about 100,000 years.
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The Neandertal Body
• Shaped like arctic people• Wide and muscular bodies• Short distal limb segments• Many serious injuries that have
healed• May have been hunting large
game at close quarters• Picture from American Museum
of Natural History
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Shanidar, Iraq
• 9 Neandertals• 7 Adults, 2 infants• Shanidar I
– Male, 30-35yrs– 5’7”– Brain - 1,600cc– Crushing blow to side
of head– Probably blind– Right arm useless– Lower left arm gone -
amputated?– Leg injuries that
caused limping– Yet he lived!
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Shanidar, Iraq
• Controversial “Flower Burial”
• Shanidar 4
• 40 year old man with crushed skull
• Ralph Solecki originally excavates
• Found pollen grains in clumps around body
• Suggests that mourners put bouquets of flowers in grave
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Mt. Carmel, Israel
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Tabun Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel
• 120kya• Neandertals
CONTEMPORARIES of modern humans?
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Early Anatomically Modern People from Mt. Carmel, Israel• Skuhl, 115kya • Qafzeh, 100kya
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What IS Homo sapiens sapiens?
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Earliest Homo
sapiens fossils
Nature (2003)
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Cro-Magnon8 individuals
40kyaAurignacian
tools
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Pictures from BBC