Zitto Kabwe is Chair Person of Public Accounts Committee in United Republic of Tanzania and Secretary General of African Organisation for Public Accounts Committees (AFROPAC). Blog: www.zittokabwe.com Twitter: @zittokabwe Facebook: Zitto Kabwe and Zitto Z Kabwe

Presentation at Commonwealth Parliamentary Association local seminar for all Zambian Members of Parliament Lusaka 30 June, 2014

How can Parliament develop

effective ways of dealing with

the Media to ensure strong

advocacy for coverage of

Parliament?

IntroductionThe main beneficiary of the relationship between Parliament and Media is the general public who

have a different name depending on which side of the coin you are:-

          Voters – politicians/ parliamentarians

          Audience – Media

Media and parliament are both essential actors in democracy. The key is for both parties to develop a

strong professional relationship based on mutual respect and recognition.

This paper intends to analyse the following;

Why is it important for parliament and media to work well together?

What happens if they work too far apart or too close?

The trend of media reporting on political issues.

The politicians' views on media.

How social media is changing politics?

Media and parliament: partner in democracy?

Media and Parliament as essential actors in democracy

Parliament exists as central force in the governance equation. It is only in parliament where the

executive gets the mandate to implement their election manifesto. The election manifesto is the

political product that is offered to voters to lure them to vote in a particular way. After the new

government has been elected, the manifesto is translated into policies which are presented in

parliament to become pieces of legislation from which the government can exercise its mandate.

It is only from parliament where the judiciary can bring to book those who break the rules. Judiciary

exists to interpret laws made in parliament.

“What parliament does, no authority on the earth can undo”

Parliament has inalienable rights to exercise its

powers infinitum.

Parliament is not bound by decisions made by

other/previous parliament.

The supreme importance of parliament in a

functioning democracy can never be overstated.

Although parliament and parliamentarians as representatives of the people

possess ultimate legitimacy, it is the media that assists the community in

deciding whether to support the candidate in first place and whether to

renew their representative’s mandate at the following election.

What happens if they work too far apart or too close?The relationship between media and parliament needs to be balanced, professional, ethical and

built on mutual respect. After all the two can hardly exist without each other. It is a partnership of

necessity not convenience. The community benefits more from a professional context and not

otherwise. If the relationship between parliament and media is too adversarial or antagonist no

one benefits. Parliamentarians will be less willing to disclose relevant information and journalist

report may be tainted. This does not help the free flow of accurate information.

It is clearly understood from parliament side, that there is a distinction between holding

parliamentarians to account and deliberate tainting of the institutional image.

Media and Parliament should not be too closeOn the other hand, Media and Parliament should not be close either. When this occurs the ones short-

changed are the general public because journalists may be less willing to be critical of government, the

analysis will be passive and the country’s governance will be poor. The Media in its function as a conduit

pipe between the public and the politicians should be cherished by the latter. One way of cherishing this is

through Involving media in policy deliberations and opening up the proceedings of Parliament and

subsequent committee meetings. A commendable development happened here in Zambia whereby there

are/were live coverage of proceedings of Public Accounts Committee (PAC). In Tanzania proceedings of

Parliament are broadcast live by the national broadcaster Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation.

Innocent until accused’’ or “not innocent until proven guilty”?

As a result, fair and accurate reporting provides a channel for public feedback that assists Members to legislate and scrutinise

government performance.

Two vital points ought to be considered:

Media should realize that trying to trick politicians in order to get news stories makes Parliamentarians suspicious and therefore

unwilling to participate.

Parliamentarians are supposed to accept criticism and a degree of cynicism as part of media’s duty to the public.

We are in a situation where the presumption of innocence has changed to ‘’innocent until accused’’ and “not innocent until

proven guilty”.

The media operates in style that ensures the audience is hooked, arrested, held and their emotions engaged.A story is not news unless it makes someone angry, shocked, a victim or culprits.News is rarely news unless it generates heat. Attacking a motive is far more potent than attacking judgementIt is not satisfactory if there is an error, it has to be conspiratorial, and heads must roll. Scandal or controversy beats progress/achievement hands down

Addiction to sensationIt is those above points which unravels standards, drives them down and creates addiction to sensation. I am sure this is true in Zambia as

everywhere else. In an era in which the media continues to be driven by consumption demands whether real or imposed, sound bites inevitably

take precedence over substance. Against the daily rush to beat deadlines, the pressure of economic sustainability and vested interest of media

owners, performance becomes wanting not only in style but also substance. Parliamentarians must view these as challenges and develop

mechanisms to manage them.

As a result of the above, the way a story is handled has been negatively affected. The media is unable to sustain issues to their rightful resolution.

It is not long before another story makes the front page, then another story and so on. This work against public interest and leave so many issues

unattended.

This is very positive and negative in some of aspects:-Politicians may go an extra mile to create sensation even when it is not necessary to get noticed. This is obviously negative.

The interest created helps make the government more to account and thus positive outcomes generated.

Negative and positive

As a result of the above, the way a story is handled has been negatively affected. The media is unable to sustain

issues to their rightful resolution. It is not long before another story makes the front page, then another story and so

on. This work against public interest and leave so many issues unattended.

This is very positive and negative in some of aspects:-Politicians may go an extra mile to create sensation even when it is not necessary to get noticed. This is obviously negative.

The interest created helps make the government more to account and thus positive outcomes generated.

Tony Blair (UK Prime Minister 1997-2006) once said;

Tony Blair (UK Prime Minister 1997-2006) once said;

‘’ A vast aspect of our jobs today, outside of the really major decisions, as big as anything else, is coping with the

media, its sheer scale, weight and constant hyperactivity. At points, it literally overwhelms. Talk to senior people in

virtually any walk of life today – business, military, public services, sports even charities and voluntary organisations

and they will tell you the same. People don’t speak about it because, in the main, they are afraid to’’

Is this true for Zambia?

Politicians use the media as often as the media criticise

That is not a complaint, it is an argument, and surely, it reflects on how important and feared the media

has become. What must be understood here is that politicians use the media as often as the media

criticise politicians. Naturally, politicians try to permanently influence what is written about them as

individuals and in terms of their party’s overall performance.

Each MP has his or her own ambitions and most want to go to the very top. Sympathetic coverage from

influential newspaper or journalists can be a giant boost.

How Social media is changing politics

Most citizens now a days have a mobile phone and the urban population by and large have access to

internet. A quick glance at those can show you how politics is being changed by new media. It is

estimated that 77% of Zambians have access to mobile phones

(http://www.techtrends.co.zm/telecoms-cat/latest-statistics-mobile-internet-subscriptions-zambia)

MPs on social media

Many of you have facebook pages and some even run blogs.

There are several Twitter accounts operated by MPs and they are active. I follow one of you on twitter

and this was his tweet on the 26th June 2014:

Vincent Mwale  @VincentMwale  · 

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Mwale  @VincentMwale  ·  Happy 70th Birthday Vernon J. Mwaanga (VJ). Am honoured to be among a few guests u invited to celebrate with you. Many more happy returns.Others on twitter are

Tweets

@VincentMwale  ·  Jun 26

Happy 70th Birthday Vernon J. Mwaanga (VJ). Am honoured to be among a few guests u invited to

celebrate with you. Many more happy returns.

@WynterMKabimbaI'm in Sudan for meeting of Standing Committee of the Council of African Political Parties (CAPP). Am here in my capacity as CAPP President

@GeoffreyBMwambaBrazil have progressed to the quarter-finals of the World Cup after an enthralling penalty shootout victory over Chile.

Complaint or argument?But that is not a complaint, it is an argument, and surely, it reflects on how important and feared the

media has become.

What must be understood here is that politicians use the media as often as the media criticise

politicians. Naturally, politicians try to permanently influence what is written about them as individuals

and in terms of their party’s overall performance.

Each MP has his or her own ambitions and most want to go to the very top. Sympathetic coverage

from influential newspaper or journalists can be a giant boost.

ConclusionIt is safe to say that the relationship between media and Parliament needs to be harnessed. The gaps

observed do not mean the relationship is weak or disintegrating but it simply means that it is falling

short of expectations. In its role as educational arena, as a probing investigator beyond the obvious and

as an articulator of social concerns, the media has a lot of catching up to do.

The Parliament on its part must adhere to positive criticism exposed by media. It should, as it does

now, continue to provide access to journalists, grant facilities to press corps to assist their performance.

Each pillar should continuously be aware of own shortcomings and take positive steps to overcome

them through reforms.

New paradigms in political communications

The result of this, is a new paradigm in political communications, and most MPs are using it. The MPs

have to realise that sometimes you need to go beyond mainstream media to reach out the general

public. Therefore, blogs, face book, tweets etc. are useful additions. You can not be misquoted on your

own tweet or facebook post. Your message go direct to the audience and you can engage.

I have more than 120,000 followers on Twitter and i regularly use it to communicate my messages.

References

Roseles, P ''The Relationship between Media and Parliament in the promotion of Ethics’’, 2004

Pitts, G ‘’Democracy and Press Freedom in Zambia: Attitudes of Members of Parliament towards

Media and Media Regulation’’, Communication Law and Policy, Vol 5, 2000, pp 269-294

Cary, Kate ‘’5 Ways New Media are changing politics’’

Blair, Tony ‘’Changing Nature of Communication''', Reuters Speech, 2006

Pascoe-Watson, George, ‘’The Press Perspective’’, www.headsup.org.uk

Thank you!