human anatomy and physiology 1.pick up the handout. 2.you do have new seat assignments. there will...

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Human Anatomy and Physiology

1. Pick up the handout.2. You do have new seat

assignments. There will be no changes nor complaints.

1. Pick up the handout.2. You do have new seat

assignments. There will be no changes nor complaints.

HomeworkHomework

No homework!No homework!

ObjectivesObjectives

Define homeostasis.Describe the basic function of a

physiological feedback loop.Give an example of a positive and

a negative feedback loop.

Define homeostasis.Describe the basic function of a

physiological feedback loop.Give an example of a positive and

a negative feedback loop.

Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and Physiology

Our final unit for the year!Anatomy is the study of the structure of a

living thing. For instance, organ names and locations.

Physiology is the study of the functions and life maintenance of a living thing. For instance, organ jobs and interactions.

The unit will be broken up into the study of the major mammalian organ systems, with emphasis on humans.

Our final unit for the year!Anatomy is the study of the structure of a

living thing. For instance, organ names and locations.

Physiology is the study of the functions and life maintenance of a living thing. For instance, organ jobs and interactions.

The unit will be broken up into the study of the major mammalian organ systems, with emphasis on humans.

Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & PhysiologyNervous SystemEndocrine SystemCardiovascular SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary SystemMusculoskeletal SystemReproductive System(Hopefully) Lymphatic/Immune System

Please fill out the preassessment. Points for completion, not correctness.

Nervous SystemEndocrine SystemCardiovascular SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary SystemMusculoskeletal SystemReproductive System(Hopefully) Lymphatic/Immune System

Please fill out the preassessment. Points for completion, not correctness.

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Does anybody recall the different levels of organization of living things? Starting with the smallest:

Cell organelle_________________________


Cell organelle_________________________



Cell organelleCell____________________


Cell organelleCell____________________



Cell organelleCellTissue_______________


Cell organelleCellTissue_______________



Cell organelleCellTissueOrgan__________


Cell organelleCellTissueOrgan__________



Cell organelleCellTissueOrganOrgan System_____


Cell organelleCellTissueOrganOrgan System_____



Cell organelle Cell (ex: a cardiac muscle cell) Tissue = A group of cells carrying out a specific

function. (ex: a layer of heart muscle tissue) Organ = A group of tissues carrying out a general

function. (ex: the heart) Organ System = A group of organs carrying out a

major function. (ex: the cardiovascular system) Organism


Cell organelle Cell (ex: a cardiac muscle cell) Tissue = A group of cells carrying out a specific

function. (ex: a layer of heart muscle tissue) Organ = A group of tissues carrying out a general

function. (ex: the heart) Organ System = A group of organs carrying out a

major function. (ex: the cardiovascular system) Organism

Central ThemeCentral Theme

We learned a general overview of how cells maintain their lives, we learned a general overview of how structures like organs and the organization of tissues developed through time, and the focus in this unit is on:

HOMEOSTASIS(don’t suppose anybody remembers this

word?)

We learned a general overview of how cells maintain their lives, we learned a general overview of how structures like organs and the organization of tissues developed through time, and the focus in this unit is on:

HOMEOSTASIS(don’t suppose anybody remembers this

word?)

Central ThemeCentral Theme

HOMEOSTASIS: Regulation of the internal environment to achieve a stable, constant condition.Maintaining a stable body temperature,

energy, pH, etc. Basically, keeping the body at the level of stability that permits survival.

The organ systems are all about the different ways that parts of the body contribute to maintaining homeostasis.

HOMEOSTASIS: Regulation of the internal environment to achieve a stable, constant condition.Maintaining a stable body temperature,

energy, pH, etc. Basically, keeping the body at the level of stability that permits survival.

The organ systems are all about the different ways that parts of the body contribute to maintaining homeostasis.

HomeostasisHomeostasis

For instance, maintaining a stable, constant level of blood sugar…

For instance, maintaining a stable, constant level of blood sugar…


A significant way that this is done is through physiological feedback loops.What’s feedback?What’s a loop?

A significant way that this is done is through physiological feedback loops.What’s feedback?What’s a loop?


A physiological feedback loop is the body regulating itself in response to a stimulus.

Two kinds: positive and negative feedback loops.

A physiological feedback loop is the body regulating itself in response to a stimulus.

Two kinds: positive and negative feedback loops.


Positive feedback loop: In response to a rising level of the input, you get more of the output.What ever is out of

balance becomes more out of balance.

A positive feedback loop, in terms of the body, more often than not disrupts homeostasis rather than maintains it.

So-called “vicious cycle.”

Positive feedback loop: In response to a rising level of the input, you get more of the output.What ever is out of

balance becomes more out of balance.

A positive feedback loop, in terms of the body, more often than not disrupts homeostasis rather than maintains it.

So-called “vicious cycle.”

Positive Feedback LoopsPositive Feedback Loops

Another example: oxytocin stimulating contractions

Another example: oxytocin stimulating contractions

Negative Feedback LoopNegative Feedback Loop

Negative feedback loop: In response to a rising level of the input, you decrease the output.Whatever is out of

balance becomes less out of balance.

Essential to maintaining homeostasis.

Negative feedback loop: In response to a rising level of the input, you decrease the output.Whatever is out of

balance becomes less out of balance.

Essential to maintaining homeostasis.

Negative Feedback LoopNegative Feedback Loop

Another example is body temperature.As temp rises, nerves

signal capillaries to dilate, which releases some heat.

When temp is too low, other nerves signal capillaries to contract, conserving heat.

Another example is body temperature.As temp rises, nerves

signal capillaries to dilate, which releases some heat.

When temp is too low, other nerves signal capillaries to contract, conserving heat.

Feedback LoopsFeedback Loops

To get used to the idea of a feedback loop, I want you to think of at least four more, two positive and two negative.They don’t have to be physiological. They

could be human activities, environmental, something from a movie or video game, anything.

Diagram each one, and label them as positive or negative. Handed in for credit.Grade not given for beautiful art or anything, just

for whether or not I can tell that yes, this is a negative feedback loop.

To get used to the idea of a feedback loop, I want you to think of at least four more, two positive and two negative.They don’t have to be physiological. They

could be human activities, environmental, something from a movie or video game, anything.

Diagram each one, and label them as positive or negative. Handed in for credit.Grade not given for beautiful art or anything, just

for whether or not I can tell that yes, this is a negative feedback loop.

human anatomy and physiology 1.pick up the handout. 2.you do have new seat assignments. there will...

Documents