huawei cloud big data for government

1

Huawei Cloud Big Data For Government

2

Contents

2Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd Huawei Confidential

C Huawei Cloud Big Data Use Cases

Key Technologies in Huawei Cloud Big dataB

Digital Government & Big DataA

D Summary

3

Digital Government (e-Government) Strategy

Recast Relationship

G2C

Redesign Public Services

Interactive with

Government

Vision

Objectives

Simpler Services with Less Cost

Standards on Digital

Services

Open Shared & Accessible

Design, Build and Run Digital

Platforms&Services

Run National Digital Infrastructure

Give Civil Servants The Digital Skills

Improve Government How to Commissions

and Builds Technology

Collaborative Across Whole Org. to Digitally

Transform

Improve How Government

Manages The Data

4

Digital Government (e-Government) Key Breakthroughs

Build the Intelligent Organization as Key

I-Organization means how to React the complex and uncertainty

It requires to realize the Entire View capability

This ability driven by Data Consolidation

Data consolidation accelerated by Cloud & AI Technology

5

Gov to Citizen Facilitate citizen participation

User-centered Design

“One-stop” service

Promote government image

Gov to Gov Realize information exchange

Share data for decision-maker

Enhance collaboration

Bridge digital divide

E-Gov

Scope of e-Government

Gov to Employee Improve efficiency and reduce

cost

Streamline operational process

Realize paperless working

Promote employment & ICT literacy

Gov to Business Improve business environment

and attract foreign investment

Streamline and transparent management

6

e-Government Benefits

• Network can be the information highway•Data Center is the highly centralized and

performed data exchange center• Easy ICT convergence

Boost economy,Increase Revenue

Bridge Digital Divide

Promote Information

sharing & exchanging

Anti-Terrorism

Promote GovEfficiency

Enhance Gov Info Security

• Paperless work to save money • Voice conference & video

conference reduce traveling & communication cost

Saving Cost

• e-ID, e-Passport • CCTV

• Well-defined OA workflow enhance efficiency

•Network security• Terminal security• Application security• Lawful interception• Ensure high security to

protect Gov info asset

• e-Education enhance teaching quality• Gov capacity building, knowledge transfer• Boost IT industry development• Enhance IT level of rural areas

• e-Tax prevent tax evasion and tax dodging• e-Customs prevent smuggling, increase

revenue and protect local industry• Open information platform facilitate

export, increase revenue• Create new jobs

7

Comprehensive services

City-wide

Self-service devices

Less travel needed

Mobile services Proactive exploration

Services at your fingertips Intelligent services

Less paperwork

One ID for all services

Related business

One-stop service

Major Business Forms

7

8

User Experience

Digital governance with heart

Development Direction of e-Government

Standards-driven continuous improvement

Standardization

Data sharing driven by

user requirements

Sharing

Promoting service coordination

through process governance.

Coordination

Lead service scenario transformation with technology application.

Intelligence

8

9

Model and growth rate of unstructured

dataHeterogeneity and diversity of big data

Low value density

• 80% to 90% of the total data volume

• 10 to 50 times faster growth than

structured data

• 10 to 50 times larger than the

traditional data warehouse

• Various forms of data, such as

text, video, and machine data

• No pattern or no clear pattern

• In-depth complex analysis

required to predict trends and

models

Big Data

Four V's Real-time analysis and result

display

McKinsey: Big data refers to datasets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, store,

manage and analyze. Generally, the size ranges from several terabytes to petabytes.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA: Big data means the data of which the data volume,

acquisition speed, or data representation limits the capacity of using traditional relational methods to conduct effective

analysis or the data which may be effectively processed with important horizontal zoom technologies.

What Is Big Data?

10

Precise

recomm

endation

Financial

context

...

Credit

investigation

(2s to 5s)

Online

historical

details

...

Records of mobile

phone office

Data from tens of

thousands of smart devices

More than 25 TB log data every day

Over 100 million messages sent on

Weibo and WeChatevery day

Social data Machine data

Information and decision-making Innovative services

Less than 5% of the

data has value.

Exploiting the value of data

takes several days.

Diverse data and systems Revenue increase thanks to rapid

information obtaining and decision makingHuge gap

Massive Amounts of Data Are Generated in the Digital Era

A solution is required to cope with distributed storage, parallel

computing, and real-time stream processing of big data.

11

• Apache open source project, starting in 2005

• To cope with such challenges as large data volumes, various data types, and rapid data generation

• Powerful support from the open source community

• Increasingly abundant ecosystem

YARN: resource management system

In-memory computing

Spark

Search

Elasticsearch/Solr

SQL

Hive

NoSQL

HBase

Streaming

Kafka/Storm

Script

Pig

1 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °

° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °

° ° ° ° ° ° ° °

°

°

N

Batch processing

MapReduce

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

Big Data Technologies Arise to Cope with Fast Computing of Massive Data

Volumes

Applicable:

• Large amounts of data

• Streaming data access (write once and read multiple times)

• Commercial hardware (common hardware)

Inapplicable:

• A large number of small files

• Frequent file modifications (write once)

12

Data Sources Data ServingData integration, modeling, analysis Data Consumption

Where is the data? Is the data correct?

xxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

PFC

PCE

DCE

systemdata

Final report

manualdata

Traditional structured data source

Strutural data source

Real-time data source

Unstructured external data source (Internet, etc.)

Summary Machinelearning

Summary analysis

analysis

How to find data? Don't know where the data is?

What is the content of the invisible data?

Which conversion is available?

Not confident on data quality Is there any problem with the data？ M/F for gender?

It’s up-to-date?

Where is the pipeline？Any problem? How to fix it?

5000 tables, millions of fields

13

Data Sharing Driven by User Requirements

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 1366

Public

Security

Bureau

Human Resources

and Social

Security Bureau

National Health

Commission

Housing

Management

Bureau

Lack of Resources

Data resources are unavailable or incomplete,

which hinders services.

Low Sharing Efficiency

There is no checklist of responsibilities for

dynamic online data sharing driven by business

requirements, so coordination is difficult, and

sharing is inefficient and limited.

No objectives for optimization

and no management skillsData is incomplete, and there are no objectives

for continuous improvement.Data requirement

Data provisioning

Dilemma of data sharing in the conventional mode

13

14

Build Data Governance Framework for government to empower big data and AI use cases

Determines the data governance architecture, and then examines the interaction from a whole system perspective.

Architecture planning involved business, data, application and technology.

Establish data management and control, responsibilities and personnel skills requirements

Develop workflow according to organizational structure Establish effective data management and performance index

Strategy

Policy

Domain

Implementation

Planning

OrganizationWork FlowRegulations

Standardized management of business data Standardized management of data itself Data quality management

Data governance model. Data governance process Metadata management Data standard management Data quality management

Data StandardsMeta Data

Data Quality

Scope: Source System/Big Data Platform/Apps

Management Tools:Meta Data/Standard/Quality

15

Top Priority of Government Digital Transformation: Generating Data Assets

Befo

re d

ata

op

era

tio

ns

Data planning and application:

Data planning of different business departments is not coordinated and

streamlined.

Data management:

Lack of unified management and inconsistent data result in incorrect

inventory of data.

Data sharing:

Each department independently manages data assets, and there is no

data sharing mechanism.

Aft

er

data

op

era

tio

ns

Unified planning and flexible application:

Unifying the requirements of each business department helps implement

the overall big data development strategy.

Unified management:

Building a unified big data platform facilitates the generation of big data

asset maps and data quality control.

Unified sharing:

The big data platform allows data to be shared among all business

departments.

16

Contents




D Summary

Key Technologies in Huawei Cloud Big dataB

17

Huawei Big Data Product History

Hadoop Kernel Optimization And

Community Contributions

Performance-oriented and equipment-based

Reliable and secure self-management

Enterprise Private Cloud（FusionInsight）

Public Cloud (Enterprise Intelligence)

2007 2011 2013 2015 20172002

Big Data research

ETL & Analytics Technology

Cloud EI ServiceTelco Big Data Product

& Solution

Telco Data Analytics, BI Application

• IDC：Top1 big data provider in China

• Patent: 190+

• PMC and committers1. Hadoop Core/HBase: 72. Spark+CarbonData: 8

• CarbonData：Apache top level project target for “one data multiple scenario”

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Problem #1: Data Prep

Data preparation takes too much time

Lack of data preparation efficiency

Two Essential Problems That Make Data Analysis Difficult

Lack of effective governance

Problem #2: Data Governance

I don't know where the data is.

I don't know if the data is right.

Speech imageDevice sensing data

User/consumer dataCommodity/business data User/consumer data

19

Data Engineer: Struggling to prepare data every day

Data Scientist: wait for data in most time of the day

Data Preparation

20

Data Silos

• Each data type is stored in its own

database. Schema-on-write.

• Scalability problem

• Lack of advanced analysis tools

Loose coupling

analysis AIreport

Data lake computation

Objet Storage

Data Lake • Storage and computation decouple• Scale independently • Various data type, schema on read• Bring in analytics tools ecosystem

Data System Evolution

silo2

App1 App2 App3

silo3silo1

structured unstructured semi-structured

Loose coupling + performance + reliability

report AIanalysis

Data Lake+

Enhanced Object Storage

CarbonData

DAYU

Data Lake+• Based on decoupling architecture• Unified data management, analytic

in-place for existing data source• Unified data governance• Market for industry

Not scale to data size, data type, workload

Not good performance, not reliable, hard to use, rely on complex tools

Market

Existing Data Source

21

Data Operation is the Core Competence of Enterprise IT

Take control

Data quality can be verified

Controllable traceability of data usage

Fast development

End-to-end job scheduling and monitoring from

data collection to data consumption

Easy to find

Searchable data directory

Clear data standard definition

Data Catalog

22

Data Lake+ and its Unique Features

data ingest

Modeltraining

InferenceData

preprocess

CarbonData(Unified Data Management)

Dataanalysis

Data annotation

Data loopback

Domain PluginModelArtsDIS/CDM MRS/DLI/DWS•API•UDF• Index•Model•…

Industry Market

Domain specific templates•Government•Education•Public Relation•Transportation•Tourist•…

DAYU(Data Governance)

Enhanced Object Storage

• Strong consistency• Mutil protocol• Native HDFS API, real rename/append/…

• Data acceleration: Indexing, MV, Caching

• Data reliability, ACID

• Data governance• E2E data development

and monitoring

• 100% opensourcecompatible

• Serverless, auto scale

23

Standard SQL + Python

Stream/batch ingestion

ETL

AnalystsData scientistsData engineers

DB

JSON

XML

CSV

AVRO

JPG

WAV

TXT

CarbonData Machine learning

Deep learning

BI, data mart

Columnar Index Meta

Cloud I/O optimizer

ACID operations

...

Autotune

Hadoop OBS

One Set of Data for Multiple Applications

24

Government Data Standardize and Data Governance Process

extractor

XML

JSON

CSV

Data lake storage

Ap

plicatio

ns

Search engine

Relationship engine

Employee ID

Communicate

activity…

Passages

Assets

Hobbies…

Original data Standardized data

Data1

Data2

Data3

Full historical data

…

text

voice

picture

files

…

Global Data Catalog

Theme Library

opulation

Security

Education…

Library data

Domain/App specific data

MLS/DLS

Voice

Image

Scenario: Data modeling based on people, things, places, things, organizations,

behaviors, and relationships Develop applications such as event search, spatiotemporal analysis,

and relationship discovery based on theme data.

Solution: Data visualization and data governance based on workflows AI-based unstructured data processing (voice recognition) Model training for theme data

Ministry/Agency

text

voice

picture

files

…

Data1

Data2

Data3

Full historical data

…

SelectCleanFilter

Demography

Industry Analysis

…

Theme data

ExchangeLinkage Search

25

Cloud is the most agile way to transform government

Gov.Big Data IoT Service

①Transportation

Education

Health care

Public safety

Smart Airport

Smart Campus

Government Administrative

Environmental Protection

Water Resources

Tourism

ApplicationPublic Service Enterprise Service

Digital Government

Cloud Ecology

• 350+ global government cloud practices to help build smart city application layer• 860+ solution partners and 2900+ service partners to ensure the understanding of the industry and e2e

delivery and operation

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

⑧

⑨

Gov. AI CenterApp Enabling

(DevOps, MicroService)

Industry Internet

Government Cloud Public CloudEdge Computing

Cloud Infra

⑩

26

• Security• Data • Enterprise Applications• Compliance• Process

• Enhanced Security • Data Proliferation • Automated Infrastructure

Provisioning

• Intelligent Decisions• Artificial Intelligence• Automatic Management• Agile Innovation• IoT and M2M• Open Ecosystem

of applications run on the cloud

of applications will run on the cloud by

of applications will run on

the cloud by

20%

40%

85%

2025

2020

NOW

Global Cloud Services Grow Exponentially

27

Government’s Uneven Experience with Cloud

Smart

Government Cloud Construction Approach Comparisons

Fully Digital

05 Optimizing

Data Center

04 Managed

Open

03 DefinedE-Government

02 DevelopingMaturity Level 01 Initial

Value Focus Compliance Transparency ConstituentInsight-Driven

TransformationSustainable Cost saving vs

Mission support: the ability to evaluate, consume, and share knowledge.

Service Model Reactive Intermediated Proactive Embedded Predictive No digital organization vsMigrate data and APPs, redesign operations,

quick deploy new services

Platform IT-CentricCustomer-

CentricData-Centric Thing-Centric

Ecosystem-Centric

Still rely on a few providers

vsInnovative ecosystem to open up new partners,

collaboration by sharing the cloud

EcosystemGovernment-

CentricService Co-

CreationAware Engaged Evolving

Simply deploy new services

vsEliminate redundant time-consuming process,

optimize end-to-end process

Leadership Technology Data Business Information Innovative IT remains same role vsIT in a cloud becomes driving force of innovation,

creating new values

Technology Focus

SOAAPI

ManagementOpen Any Data Modularity Intelligence

Application-centric and process-centric

vsData on demand, consolidated data enables

system intelligence

Key Metrics %Service OnlineNo. of Open

Datasets

% Improvement in Outcomes,

KPIs

% New and Retired Services

No. of New Service Delivery

ModelsNo. of services as KPI vs

More transparent, high service quality, and innovative services with good user experience

Gartner Digital Government Maturity Model 2.0

28

Cloud services, AI and Big data are key for Digital Government Technology

20152019

• Cloud Services for government will have a transformational business impact in less than two years

• AI, Data Analytics and Cloud are the top game changers for Government

Source: Gartner Hype Cycle for Digital Government Technology (2015)

29

From Cloud 1.0 to Cloud 2.0, a chance to make a leap-forward step

Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud

PaaS

A-PaaS AIIoT

SDDCVirtualization(Hyper-V, VMWare, OpenStack etc.)

Cloud 2.0 – Service CentricCloud 1.0 – Infra centric

IaaS

Internet, Traditional Workload Digital Enterprise & Government

Smooth migration

E2E solution

Data security

Start from scratch Native applications

30

Cloud Computing Service Models

31

New way of cloud service operation model

Apps

Cloud Services

Cloud OS

Standard Hardware

Infra

Customer operation team

Customer focus on core business

Traditional Cloud Service Operation model

Huawei SRE

Before: Look after all layers

After:Concentrate on the business value generation layer

32

Device more reliable

• In physical server mode,

server down will cause

service interruption

• In cloud mode, service can realize live migration

to ensure business continuity when single cloud

host has fault

• IT room reconstructed from office

room, no guarantee of bearing

capacity & earthquake proof

• Civil AC & single power input bring

risks of high device temperature &

single failure

• Communication office standard DC facility,

compliance with national earthquake proof

regulatory

• Precision AC system, dual power input,

generator, UPS to provide high standard

facility environment

• Ordinary firewall,

vulnerable to Trojans and

port scanning, no data

security guarantee

• Professional network security scanning & host security

system, cloud & virtualization security system, security

isolation and data exchanging system

• Level-3 Classified Info. Security Certification

• Local 10M or 100M fiber access,

network bandwidth cannot meet

business need

• Direct access to China Mobile CMNET core

network, outbound BW can reach 60G and is

easy to expand

• Faster and reliable network access

Cloud Makes Services More Efficient (1)

Perfect facilities

Highly security protection High quality network

33

Cloud Makes Service More Efficient (2)

Fast service Time-To-Market

• Several months for facility

decoration, device

procurement, installation &

testing

• It will take less than 10 workdays to do business

need analysis, cloud resource allocation, service

deployment

• Huge one-time CAPEX for

building, facility, IT equipments,

and maintenance, etc.

• One-demand allocation of cloud computing resource,

greatly save one-time CAPEX

• Lack of manpower and

professional knowledge

• Professional O&M team, 7*24 hours operator-level

high quality services

• Building cost, hardware procurement

cost, staff salary, cost of power and

maintenance

• Only need pay as your use, reduce

40%+ TCO

Flexible construction mode

Professional O&M team Cost efficiency

34

Big Data AIIOT

By 2020, the number of connected

devices will reach 25 billion.

--Gartner

By 2020, global data volume will

reach 44ZB,the number in 2016 is

only 12ZB.

-IDC

By 2018, 20% of global workers

would be to use the automatic

auxiliary technologies, more than

3 million workers will work under

the supervision of the robot.

-Forrester

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is the Foundation for Other Digital Technologies

35

NO.1 in China’s

Government Cloud Market (IDC)

Huawei global experience footprint

No. 1 in China's government big data

marketIDC MarketScape, 2018

Cap

abili

ty

Strategy

Contenders

Participants

LEADER

Major Players

No. 1

No. 1 in China's government cloud marketIDC MarketScape, 2017

Cap

abili

ty

Strategy

Contenders

Participants

LEADER

Major Players

No. 1

2017 2018

350+ e-Government

cloud customers worldwide

UK

EcuadorGhana

Mexico

Spain

Italy

Bolivia

Russia

Moldova

Yanbu, Saudi

Indonesia

Weifang, ShandongShanghai

Dunhuang, Gansu

Pakistan

Gaoqing, Shandong

South Africa

36

Contents


B Key Technologies in Huawei Cloud Big data


D Summary

Huawei Cloud Big Data Use CasesC

37

Smart Transportation Practice in TianJin City Intelligent Traffic Solution release traffic jams

Snapshot Running Red Lights

Flow monitoring

Traffic Security Gate Traffic light

Traffic Situation ForecastTraffic Induction

Vehicle queuing Number of spillovers 20%

Intelligent Traffic

Solution

Cooperative OptimizationReal-time signal timing

Emergency Green PassSpecial Vehicle Priority

Average Speed 18% Early peak hours 10~15 mins

38

Education Practice in Jiaxing city

Internet + Education Platform - Connect, Share, Intelligence

7 offices、3 units management data connect，10+ ISV connect

700+ school 500,000+study 30,000+ teacher 20+ apps

39

Healthcare Practice for Medical 365 Hospital Network

Make Internet Medical Services More Convenient and Efficient

365 Hospital Network

Community hospitals Patients and residents

Regional Medical Access Network

Public Cloud Gateway

VPN

Medical experts County hospitals

Huawei Cloud • One data source among hospital,

doctor and patient

• Remote consultation

• Resource matching with suitable

doctors across the hospitals

• Reduce 50% hospital operation

costs

40

Healthcare Practice in AI Pathological Diagnosis

leveraged expertise with AI

Specificity

(true negative rate)

80%

Sensitivity

(true positive rate)

99%>97%

25

seconds

AI calculations Accuracy

AI-assisted Diagnosis for COVID-19Cervical Cancer Detection

4141

Smart Campus Solution

Personnel tracking

Guest area surveillance

Fire fighting linkage

Perimeter linkage

Asset management

Power management

Smart building

...

42

Environmental Protection Practice in KaiFeng CityOne map connects 20 regions, 600+ sensors

Real-timeaccurate monitoring

Efficient Linkage

of monitoring and law enforcement

Precise traceability of

air pollution ; Forecast of

regional environmental

pollution

Pollution control management

43

Floating object detection

Water area

change

Emergency

flood control

Reservoir water

level alarmWater intrusion

Smart Water Solution

44

Smart Water Practice in Suzhou River Supervision Irregularities behaviors

Recognition Accuracy Rate

>80%Reduce

Irregularities behaviors

>30%

4514

Service Scenario Transformation Led by Technological Applications

Provide technical

support

for intelligent approvalInte l l ige nt

A p p r o v a l

AIBig data

Provide data for machine learning

Provide data

sharing services for

intelligent approval

Help people enjoy easier, more convenient, and faster services.

Help organizations gradually move towards semi-automatic,and

ultimately fully automatic approval processes.

46

In Wuhou district of Chengdu, AI-assisted staff-less approval

services (self-service with facial recognition and self-service

certificate printing).

Automatic response by robots

Material electronization

Risk warning

Automatic identity recognitionAutomatic data filling

Intelligent notification

Intelligent guidance

Intelligent approvalAutomatic verification

of certificates

Proactive push services

Guangxi Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department

promotes online application, intelligent approval, and immediate

responses.

Intelligent Approval Processing in Wuhou District of Chengdu and Guangxi

Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department

46

47

Government AI center: Enable government management innovation

Ministry 1 Ministry 2 Ministry 3 Ministry N

Inference Request

Inference Response

…

general OCR ID Card OCR driver license OCR Reporter ID OCR receipt OCR Custom document

OCR aircraft itinerary

OCR bank card OCR passport OCR taxi bill OCR custom OCR

OCR

people gatheringrecognition

fighting monitoring fire warning Illegal roadside stall

business recognition material & rubbish

stacking, Population heat

map Store passenger

flow statistics Intrusion detection

License plate recognition

Floating objects monitoring

Swimming & fishing monitoring

Video analysis

image recognition image tagging celebrity

recognition image search content

moderation distortion

correction image clarity

detect dark enhance defog recapture

detection super resolution video background

music recognition

Image

question answering

bot,

task-oriented

conversational bot ,

speech analysis,

CBS Customization

Chatbot

face identification face comparison face searching live detection

Face& human analysis

Gov. AI Center

ModelArts

48

Contents


B Key Technologies in Huawei Cloud Big data



SummaryD

49

Government Big Data Architecture

Data lake

Data Resource Service (Application)

Centralized raw data, Centralized Data Catalogue

Data Resource Service Directory (data API service, data dictionary service, external data gateway...)

Demographic Legal

entitiesMacro

economicGeographic information

Electroniccertificate

Credit information

Basic Library

Reward & punishment

Democracy Powers

Poverty alleviation

Food supervision

Energy governance

CommunityFinancial

risk controlTaxation

Industry analysis

Judicial analysis

…Theme

data ingest

Modeltraining

InferenceData

preprocess

Dataanalysis

Data annotation

Data loopback

Data Governance

Digital Government

Business Function

… ……

Government administration

Financial resources and balance control, Real time situation awareness,

Emergency policies, Smart power grid

Public service

Convenient and Customize ServiceTrustworthy city, eliminate corruption

Food safety, Power grid reliability

Industry Enabling

Benefit assessment, Support initiativesPersevere financial order, risk control

Access to Public data help increase value

50

Big Data is Key to Smart Government Services

Scientific government decision-making Efficient livelihood services Convenient public services

Provide the basis for government policy-making, optimize

decision and track decision implementation, make government

decisions more accurate

One-stop approve and serve, data & resource, monitoring &

management online service portal, make data running

instead of people running

Perform real-time analysis of population distribution and

optimize bus, train, etc, effectively improve people's

satisfaction of public transport travel

Safe public places Fast industry upgrading Accurate tourism management

Through face recognition technology combined with high-

definition video surveillance, realize automatic analysis and

comparison of human faces and quickly identify of monitored

people and objects

Through ERP, CRM, CAD and other information systems,

collecting data in production, management and operation

process, to provide a scientific basis for decision-making in

production, sales, and management

Through data analysis of tourist flow, stay duration, visit

itinerary, effectively enhance the tourism and travel

management service capabilities, improve visitor

satisfaction

51

Mobile Will Provide Comprehensive Services for e-Government

51

Smart

police

Safe

city

Smart

government

Emergency

treatmentSmart

financial

Smart

emergencySmart

tourism Wireless

city

Smart

community

Smart

education

Smart

park

Smart

Health

Government

cloud

Enterprise

cloud

Livelihood

cloudIoT cloud

5G All fiber network WLAN

Network layerPlatform

layer

Application

layer

Anyang Big Data & Cloud Computing Data Center

52

Services

Win-Win

Big Data and Cloud Make Services

More Efficient & Smart

Openness

Cooperation

huawei cloud big data for government

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