hse professionals _ compressed gas safety
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Compressed Gas Safety
Thousands of products are available which contain gases and mixtures of gases stored under
pressure in cylinders. Most of these gases are classified as "compressed gases" according to WHMIS
technical criteria. The Controlled Products Regulations contain details of these criteria.
There are three major groups of compressed gases stored in cylinders: liquefied, non-liquefied and
dissolved gases. In each case, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder is commonly given in units of
kilopascals (kPa) or pounds per square inch gauge (psig).
Gauge pressure = Total gas pressure inside cylinder - atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure is normally about 101.4 kPa (14.7 psi). Note that compressed gas cylinder
with a pressure gauge reading of 0 kPa or 0 psig is not really empty. It still contains gas atatmospheric pressure.
Liquefied gases are gases which can become liquids at normal temperatures when they are inside
cylinders under pressure. They exist inside the cylinder in a liquid-vapour balance or equilibrium.
Initially the cylinder is almost full of liquid, and gas fills the space above the liquid. As gas is
removed from the cylinder, enough liquid evaporates to replace it, keeping the pressure in the
cylinder constant. Anhydrous ammonia, chlorine, propane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide are
examples of liquefied gases.
Non-liquefied gases are also known as compressed, pressurized or permanent gases. These gases do
not become liquid when they are compressed at normal temperatures, even at very high pressures.
Common examples of these are oxygen, nitrogen, helium and argon.
Acetylene is the only common dissolved gas. Acetylene is chemically very unstable. Even at
atmospheric pressure, acetylene gas can explode. Nevertheless, acetylene is routinely stored and
used safely in cylinders at high pressures (up to 250 psig at 21C).
This is possible because acetylene cylinders are fully packed with an inert, porous filler. The filler is
saturated with acetone or other suitable solvent. When acetylene gas is added to the cylinder, the
gas dissolves in the acetone. Acetylene in solution is stable.
What are compressed gases?
What are the three major groups of compressed gases?
Liquefied Gases
Non-Liquefied Gases
Dissolved Gases
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