UNSAFE ACT

EXAMPLES

Failure to warn

Disturbing other who are working

Failure to abide by speed or load limit

Failure to wear prescribed personal protective equipment

Disabling or removing guards or electronic devise without permission

Use of defective tools or parts

Unauthorized use of equipments or tools.

UNSAFE CONDITION

Following factors may be identified unsafe conditions:

Safe guards unavailability

Poor/inadequate lighting

Poor housekeeping/unsafe physical condition

inadequate/ defective warning system

Poor /inadequate maintenances procedure

Placement of objects that stick out into aisles

Unsafe personal protective equipments

Hazardous placement of stored product

HSE OPERATIONAL HAZARDS(NOISE)

No employee should be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 db(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection.

In addition, no un protected ear should be exposed to a peak sound pressure level of more than 140 db(A)

Hearing protective devise provided should be capable of reducing sound level at ear to at least 85 db(A)

For every 3 db increases in sound level, the “allowed” exposure period or duration should be reduced by 50 to 65%

Engineering controls in place as for as is feasible, use of PPE(s)

Periodic medical hearing checks

HSE OPERATIONAL HAZARD

LIGHTING

Walking areas adequately illuminated

Lighting fixtures kept clean

No excessive glare from lighting/welding

Emergency lighting of adequate intensity should be installed and automatically activated upon failure of the light source to ensure safe shut down, evacuation, etc

EMERGENCY LIGHT10 lux(min)

CORRIDORS, STAIRWAYS, LOBBY 100 lux(min)

GARAGE, WAREHOUSE 150 lux(min)

OFFICES 400-500 lux(min)

DRAWING OFFICES 600-700 lux

OPERATIONAL AREA/FACTORIES 500-800 lux

HEATING

o Comfortable heating levels

o Adequate heating or ventilation clothing for work Health risk exposure due to heat shall be controlled, as appropriate to the environmental conditions, by applying the following

o Moderating work rate

o Forced ventilation and air conditioning

o Shade

o Water supply

o Scheduled rest breaks

EXIT/EGREASE

Sufficient exits of adequate width , available for prompt escape.

More than one exit available (except very short travel distances)

Routes approaches and exits clearly marked/ sign-posted

Exit and exits sign adequately illuminated.

Escape doors designed to open outwards

No flammable substances or combustible goods/packaging stored near exits

COMRESSED GASES

Gas cylinders store upright and secured against falling over, handle gently.

Proper chained

Gas cylinder store away from heat, sunlight, and adverse weather (rust)

Gas cylinder away from stairs exits, aisles, passageways etc.

Cylinder segregated and properly marked; storage area adequately ventilated

Closed and empty cylinder place wide a part

Hydrostatics test every 5 years.

FALLING HAZARD

Any walking/working surface could be a potential fall hazard. An un protected side or edge which is 6 feet or more

above a lower level should be protected from falling by the use of

guardrail/handrail system, safety net safety, or personal fall arrest system

SAFE WORK PRACTICES

WORKING AT HIGHT

The commo

n precaut

ions helps

in preven

ting falls

include:

• Make sure the working platform is secure

• Provides adequate working space and• Proper use of ladder and scaffolds by

trained employs.• Appropriate training in use

serviceability and integrity of necessary PPE.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

A confined space is any space:

That has limited or restricted means of entry exitIs large enough for person to enter to perform task. The exact definition of a confined space varies depending on the type of industry.

Confined space that present special hazard to worker, including risks of toxic. Permit required confined spaces depending on the nature and severity of the hazard.

CRANES LIFT OR HOIST OPERATION

LIFT PREPARATIONS: driven by authorized/ trained persons each crane

is issued with a certificate by its manufacturer giving details of the safe working load (SWL)

THE DRIVER MUST:

o Undertake a brief inspection of the craneo Ensure that loads are not left suspended when the crane

is not useo Before a lift is made, ensure that nobody can be struck

by the crane or the loado Switch off power to the crane when it is left unattended

The principle reasons for crane failure, including loss

of load are:

Overloading, poor slinging of load, insecure or unbalanced load.

Loss of load, overturning, collision with another structure or overhead power lines, foundation failures, structural failure of the crane

Operator error, lack of maintenance and/or regular inspection.

HSE OPERATIONAL HAZARD

Site roadways and transport vehicle safety

Surface in good repair

Roadways adequately illuminated

Adequate space for vehicle moment, reversing and parking

Traffic mirrors at blind corners etc.

Pedestrian ways safe and clean, marked illuminated as required

Proper marking , barrier and guardrail

Vehicle driving/ safety

Possess a valid driving license The routine check for tire pressure including that of the spare

wheel, fuel and engine oil level, radiator water level, breaks, lights and indicators are made before the vehicle is taken on the road

The windows, screen, mirror, lights and reflectors are clean and unobstructed, adjust the mirror

Keep a safe distance from the vehicle ahead of your vehicle. Vehicle engine is switched off when fuel is being filled. Proper indicator are used for turning and changing lane. Do not use high beam lights while driving in the city Do not smoke & mobile phone with driving the vehicle and also

when re-fueling the vehicle

FORK LIFTER SAFETY

Need special training for fork lifter driving

Need company driving license and appointment

Names of driver shall be displayed on notice board

Never carry passenger

Be aware of physical hazard(e.g noise exhaust fumes, vibrations, muscular injuries)

Always drive in the direction with the best view. If the view forward is blocked then driver backwards with care

Inspect fork lifter while driving

Floors and yards

Walkways marked, kept clear and unobstructed

Aisles marked(painted/taped lines) clear/unobstructed

Floor clean and in sanitary condition

Floor and yards adequately drained and damage maintained

Floor free from slip and tip hazard

Slip hazard engineered out as for as is feasible

Handrails and/or slip resistant mats provided where necessary

SLIP HAZARD

Following examples are given

Wet or dust floor

The spillage of wet or dry substance for e.g. oil, water

Loose mats on slippery floor

Unsuitable footwear or floor coverings or sloping floor

TRIP HAZARD

Examples:

Loose carpets

Obstruction, low walls, uneven surfaces

Poor housekeeping- obstacles left on walkways, rubbish not removed regularly

Poor lighting levels-particularly near steps

Unsuitable footwear- shoes with a slippery sole or lack ankle support.

STORAGE AND CONTAIMINAT OF CHEMICALS AND FUELS

Kept in fireproof cabinets (where possible)

Tanks, drums etc. of appropriate material

Tanks properly supported to prevent collapse

No smoking signs and posted where appropriate

Rule adequately enforced

Temperature controlled to prevent boiling

DUST

Solid particles slightly heavier than air suspended in it for a period of time

Created either by mechanical process (grinding, pulverizing) or construction process

The fine dust is much more hazardous because penetrates deep into the lung and remain there known as respirable dust.

Use engineering principles of enclosure , isolation , local exhaust ventilation

Provision of respiratory protective equipment

Chemical Hazard Identification

NFPA 704 is standard maintained by the U.S based National-

fire protection Association. It defines the colloquial “fire

demand” used by emergency personal to quickly and easily

identify the risks posed by nearby hazardous materials

SYMBOLISM

The four divisions are typically color-coded with

o Blue indicating the level of health hazard

o Red indicating flammability

o Yellow (chemical) reactivity

o White contained special codes for unique hazard

Rating

HEALTH (BLUE)

4. very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury(hydrogen cyanide, phosphine)

3. short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderato residual injury (chlorine gas)

2. intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury(ethyl ether)

1. exposure could cause irritation with only minor residual injury(acetone)

0. posses no health hazard, no precautions necessary (lanolin)

FLAMMABILITY Red

4. Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature , or is readily dispersed in air and burn readily. Flash point below 23 c.

3. Liquid and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature condition . Flash point between 23c and 38c

2.Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point 38c to 93c

1. Must be heated before ignition can occur. flash point 93c

0. will not burn

Instability/Reactivity(yellow)

4. Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures

3. Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiation source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked

2. Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperature and pressure react violently with water or may from explosive mixtures with water.

1. Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperature and pressure.

0. normally stable, even under fire exposure condition and is not react with water.

White special hazard

The white “special notice” area can contain several symbols. The following symbols are defined by NFPA 704 standard.

W. React with water in an unusual or dangerous manner SA. Simple asphyxiate gas including nitrogen helium neon argon

CHEMICAL HANDLING

A contingency plan shall be in a place for responding to emergencies involving accidental spills of chemicals.

The effectiveness of these plans shall be tested regularly, through emergency drills and exercise.

CHEMICAL INFORMATION

MSDS must be available for all chemicals being stored at a particular locations. MSDS has chemical specific handling and safety information that must be properly followed in order to progress at chemical safety.

However, it is also recommended that the following shall be displayed at chemical storage area.o Chemical name

o MSDS doc no and location

o Relevant hazard symbols

o Relevant PPE requirements

o First aid measures

Segregation of incompatible chemicals

Two chemicals substances are considered mutually incompatible when their storage together may result in undue hazard in case of leakage or spillage, or any other accident. Such chemicals need to be segregated during transport , storage use and disposal

STORAGE OF CHEMICALS

All storage of chemicals shall be organized such that

“First in/first out” (FIFO) principle

Good housekeeping of the storage area

MSDS must be clearly displaced for each chemical at its storage location

Regular inspection of the chemical being stored to ensure that

No leakage of the chemical will occur in the period until the next inspection and;

The chemical is still fit for purpose over the period until

Spill scenarios

The risk of slip at plant operations, includes (but not limited) to the following scenarios.

source Potential

Storage tank Storage tank leakCatastrophic tank failureStorage tank full

Facility piping Pipeline leak or failureFlange/flange gasket leak or failure Valve leak or failure

Pumps stations and sumps Pump seal leak or failure flange/flange gasket leak or failureValve leak or failureSump overfill

Loading/ unloading Tank truck leakTank truck overfill

Chemical storage and transfer Container leak overflow during transfer

Containment

o Containment seeks to minimize the risk of oil spills and is

applicable to facilities located in an area where there is

potential for ground contamination

Containment are two types

Primary containment

Secondary containment

Attributes of a secondary containment Dike

o It shall be provided around all above ground storage tanks.

o It shall be capable of ambulating all the spilled/ leaked material unit it is removed .

o Its volume shall be such as to hold the entire product contained in the tank plus ten percent. For a group of tanks within a common secondary containment, the net capacity of the common secondary containment shall not be less than 110% of the largest tank volume.

o Its construction material will be non-reactive to the product contained in the tank.

o The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average interior height of 6 ft. above the interior grade.

Waste Definition

Means any substance or object which has been, is being or is

intended to be, discarded or disposed of and includes liquid

waste, solid waste , waste gases, suspended gases, industrial

waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste, municipal waste,

hospital waste, used polyethylene bags and residues from the

incineration of all types of waste

Waste Management

o The purpose of this activity is to ensure that requirements for managing wastes, which result from organization activities product or services that have to potential to be hazardous to human health or to harm environment.

o The activity deals with all types of waste categorization, handling, storage, disposition, waste minimization and compliance of waste an pollution management system.

o Waste management system, principles and practices are based on the requirements specified in pak EPA act 1997 and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Core types of pollutant

o Solid waste

o Liquid waste

o Gas and energy emission

Solid waste

o Hazardous waste

o Non hazardous waste

Hazardous wasteAny waste can become hazardous or potentially hazardous when improperly handled, stored, transported, treated or disposed off.

Non-Hazardous wasteNon hazardous waste are considered as any material which does not pose any danger to the environment or to human health, if it is dealt with in safe scientific way. A non hazardous waste is also define as any waste that is non hazardous and may consists of recyclable and non recyclable components.

Examples: paper and cardboards, packing materials, kitchen waste.

Waste segregation

o Segregated at the point of generation

o Collected in design drums/bins/cartons.

o Waste from the waste bins is shifted to waste yards

o Saleable waste material are segregated and graded while garbage, rubbish, trashes generated from plant.

o Wastage material are put into the empty drums/bins/placed at the appropriate locations of plants and other areas. The graded waste materials are collected from the drum/bins/cartons and placed scrap yard at designated places.

Waste storage

o Prevents the contact between incompatible ones

o Availability of information on chemical in-compatibility to employs to avoid their mixing.

o Limited access to waste storage areas to employs who have received proper training.

o Clearly identifying (label) and demarcating the area, including documentation of its location on a facility map or site plan.

oConducting periodic inspections of waste storage area and documenting the findings.

o Sweeping staff collects garbage, rubbish, trashes from plants, offices, and residential areas.

o A sign visible from all directions of approach from a distance of 25 ft.will be put on, indicating waste storage area.

Remove

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Recover

Treat

Dispose

Waste Management Hierarchy

Waste Prevention and Management

Substituting raw materials or input with less hazardous or toxic material. Or with those where processing generates lower waste volume.

Minimizing hazardous pollutants generation by implementing stringent waste generation.

Suggestion for minimizing the waste can become HSE objective on management direction at the platform of HSE management review.

Housekeeping

Good housekeeping is the first and most important fundamental level of preventing falls due to slips and trips hazard. It includes

Proper design or methods to prevent slick surfaces (grates, drainage, mats ,de-icing)

Cleaning all spill immediately

Sweeping debris from floors/ground

Remove obstacles from walkways and always Aisles to be cleared

Cleaning of mats, rugs and carpets that do not lay flat

Always close file cabinet or storage drawers

Keeping working areas and walkways well lit.

Cleaning and sanitation

Check on rotational basis that toilets is keep clean vectors such as rats, flies, mosquitoes that can transmit disease are controlling by using pest controlling procedures.

Methods to reduce vectors numbers include:

Improving proper excreta-disposal facility

Improving refuse-disposal facilities

Improving drainage to remove standing water

Equipments used in operation shall be cleaned and sanitized according to the cleaning schedule.

Pest control

Pest controlling activities are outsource to the authorize contractors and in-house pest controlling activities are also performed by housekeeping in charge on the periodical basis.

A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent, antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest.

Pest includes insects, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, microbes that are vector for disease for humans. One of a method of pest controlling use is fumigation.

Important points in pest controlling Activities

Pest controllers are to be well trained and licensed holder.

All the restricted pesticides from EPA are completely unauthorized for use

Use of poisonous or toxic material which can effect on employees are also restricted to used.All the pest controlling activities shall properly be maintained and are in good condition.

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