ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

HRM – B GROUP 2

ANUJ | ANUBHAV | DEVADITYA | PRANEET| RIYA | SNEHA

GOAL 7: Ensure Environment Sustainability

Target 9 : Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources• Proportion of land area covered by forest• Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area• Energy use unit of GDP ( Rupee )• Carbon dioxide emission per capita and consumption of Ozone-depleting CFCs• Proportion of the household using solid fuels

Target 10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation• Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source,

urban and rural• Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural

Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers• Slum population as percentage of urban population

INDICATORS 25 – 28: LOSS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

21.23% of Geographic area covered by forests• Afforestation activities• Participation of locals for protection measures

• Mining and Developmental activities, • Clearances in encroached areas• Shifting cultivation practices

4.83% of Geographic area is Protected as National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves

Per Capita Energy Consumption(kWh) Energy Intensity (kWh) per Re

• Per Capita CO2 Emission in Million Tonnes(MT) India – 1.58 | Asia - 1.59 | World - 4.51• India’s emission increased steadily during 1990 to 2014

Per Capita CO2 emission (MT) in India

• CFC consumption decreased steadily since 1996 • Implementation of Ozone Depleting Substances

(ODS) Programme as per Montreal Protocol

Consumption of CFCs ODP Tonne in India

POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES AIMING AT SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

Green India Mission• Launched under Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate

Change• Holistic approach with focus on multiple ecosystem services, like

biodiversity, water, biomass along with carbon sequestration• Linked with MNREGA

National Afforestation Programme• Provides support to Forest Development Agencies to undertake

development with people’s participation

6 National Bureaus for Conservation of Bio Diversity like National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

Legislative Provisions• Indian Forest Act, 1927• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972• Environment Protection Act, 1986 • Biological Diversity Act, 2002 • Protection of Plant Varieties & Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001• Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006

National Action Plan on Climate Change • Launched in 2008, identifies 8 core “national missions” runninng

through 2017• National Solar Mission: Aims to promote the development and

use of solar energy for power generation • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Energy

consumption mandates, tax benefits and public private partnerships

• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: Focus on waste management, public transport and fuel economy standards

• National Water Mission: 20% improvement in water use efficiency

• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: Conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region

• National Mission for Green India: Expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’s territory

• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: Support climate adaptation in agriculture

• National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased international collaboration.

Global Progress

Green India Mission

Under NAPCC , MoEF launched a comprehensive mission named – ‘National Mission for a Green India’

Climate change responsible for changesIn natural resources of the country

Key innovations: 1. Focus on quality of forests 2. Focus on ecosystem services 3. Focus on democratic decentralization 4. Creating a new cadre of Community Youth as Foresters 5. Adoption of Landscape-based Approach 6. Reform Agenda as conditionality

National Afforestation Programme

Flagship scheme of NAEB

Provides support to FDAs, which in turn are main organs for Joint Forest Management

FDA is federation of JFMCs at Forest Division level to undertake holistic development of forestry sector

Earlier NowFunds were routed through State Govt

Decentralized 2 –tier system ( FDA

and JFMC )Unit of planning : Village

Empowers local people to participate in DM

POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES AIMING AT SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

Solid Fuel Kerosene LPG/PNG0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2011

2011

INDICATOR 29 : PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLD USING SOLID FUELS

Rural

Urban

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Solid Fuel Use

During 2001-11, there is an increase of 11 points in use of LPG

As of 2011, 67.3 % of households are using solid fuels against 74.3 % in 2001

Solid Fuels Firewood Crop residue Cow dung cake Coal/Lignite/Charcoal

Solid Fuel Kerosene LPG/PNG0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001

2001

INDICATOR 30 : SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO AN IMPROVED WATER SOURCE

Sources of Drinking Water

(All India Census-2011)

% of households having access to improved sources of drinking water

Kerala : lowest proportion of households

Total Urban Rural

37.2% 55.6% 29.2%

As per NSS – 69th round ( Jul – Dec 2012 )

Bottled Water Tube well/ borehole

Piped water intodwelling

Protected well

Piped water into yard/plot

Protected spring

Public pipe/ stand pipe Rainwater collection

Improved sources of Drinking Water include

Total Urban Rural

87.8% 90.1 % 86.9 %

82.42 93.63 % 78.39 %

Major Sources Urban (%) Rural (%)

Hand pump/ Tube well 20.8 51.9

Tap 70.6 30.8

Actual

Target

Other concerns : quality, sufficiency and availability of drinking water

Improved sources trend

ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER

STATUS

Availability of sufficient drinking water

Rural India -- 85.8 % Urban India -- 89.6%U.P >> 97.1%

Jharkhand >>70.3%

U.P >> 96.6%

M.P >> 76.2%

Use of treated water ‘by any method’ before drinking

Rural India – 32.3 % Urban India – 54.4%Gujarat - highest (85.4%) proportion of households use

treated drinking water

NATIONAL RURAL WATER DRINKING PROGRAM

To provide every rural person with safe water for

• Drinking

• Cooking

• Other domestic basic needs on a sustainable

basis.

Outlay – Rs. 9000 crore in 2010-11

Target to cover –

• Uncovered Areas

• Quality affected and other habitations

• Households

• Schools with safe and adequate drinking water

GOAL

• Rural population – 86% have access - safe drinking water

• About 11.51 lacs rural habitations are fully covered safe and adequate drinking water

Involvement of:

• Panchayat

• Ownership of communities

• Scientific inst

• Civil society

OUTCOMES

COMPONENTS

COVERAGE - Providing safe & adequate drinking water supply - underserved, partially served habitations. – 45%

Provide potable drinking water to water QUALITY affected habitations. – 20%

SUSTAINABILITY to encourage States to achieve drinking water security at the local level – 20%

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) for expenditure on running, repair and replacement costs of drinking water supply projects – 10% and SUPPORT activities – 5%.

Allocation for DESERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (DDP) areas to tackle low rainfall and poor water availability

Earmarked funds to Mitigate drinking water problems in rural areas in the wake of NATURAL CALAMITIES

NATIONAL RURAL WATER DRINKING PROGRAM

INDICATOR 31: ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION

NO ACCESS TO SANITATION

STATUS

• NSS 2012 revealed -- 43.4% of households at all India level had no latrine facilities.

• Census 2011 revealed -- % of households - access to sanitation facility – improved by 10 % - last decade

• Still more than 50% of the Country’s households have no latrine facility.

• In 2012 - households in rural - 38.8% and urban - 89.6% access to ‘improved source’ of latrine.

• During 2012, Jharkhand had the highest (90.5 %) proportion of households had no latrine facilities

• Promote cleanliness, hygiene and eliminate open defecation.

• Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas • Achieve - vision of Swachh Bharat -2nd October

2019.• Adopt sustainable sanitation practices and

facilities through awareness creation and health education.

• Encourage technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.

• Develop community managed sanitation systems • Focus on scientific Solid & Liquid Waste

Management systems for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.

SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN (GRAMIN)

GOALS

• Covers all APL households belonging to SCs,

STs, small and marginal farmers, landless

labourers along with all BPL households.

• Incentive of Rs. 3200/- and 1400/- for each

toilet for BPL & APL respectively

• Rs.5400 – Under MGNREA for toilet

construction

• Provision for upto Rs. 200000 for construction

of Community Sanitary Complexes

• Cost share for these complexes between

Centre, State and Community in the ratio of

60:30:10. • .

FEATURES

INDICATOR 32: SLUM POPULATION

DEFINITION OF SLUMS

• According to Census 2011, all areas notified as slums by State, CG, UT, under ‘Slum Act’ are slums but according to NSS 2012, notified areas by municipalities, corporations, local bodies, are notified slums

• Compact area of 300 people at least or 60-70 households with poor infrastructure according to Census, compact settlement with poor conditions according to NSSO

SLUM DWELLERSSLUM FACILITIES

RAJIV AWAS YOJANA

1. Improving and provisioning of housing, basic civic infrastructure and social amenities in intervened slums.

2. Enabling reforms to address some of the causes leading to creation of slums.

3. Facilitating a supportive environment for expanding institutional credit linkages for the urban poor.

4. Institutionalizing mechanisms for prevention of slums including creation of affordable housing stock.

5. Strengthening institutional and human resource capacities at the Municipal, City and State levels through comprehensive capacity building and strengthening of resource networks.

COMPARISON IN MUMBAI

India’s performance on the MDG environment targets has varied

Overall Increase in the area under forest cover, but decrease in some states and biodiversity protection

Has relatively low levels of pollution per capita or per dollar of GDP

Becoming one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

Forests and biodiversity

Overall increase in forest cover, except some states

Forests have changed from multi-product and multi-layer to timber oriented, limiting gathering of non timber forest products by forest-dependent communities

Focusing particularly on reversing the loss of multi-purpose trees from large forested states and increasing gatherable biomass and non-timber forest products.

Greenhouse gas emissions

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide emissions per head

Gaps in access to sustainable energy and other basic infrastructure

ISSUES (1)

Climate change mitigation

Encouraging the use of LED lights

Emphasis on renewable energy by the Government as non-renewable resources are depleting

Resilience to natural hazards

Needs to scale up its successes to confront all natural hazards including floods which are occurring at increased frequency

Disaster management practices and large scale climate proofing of infrastructure are needed

Inclusive and sustainable cities

Major environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization

Cities face environment related problems such as excessive congestion, unhygienic conditions, poor waste disposal, and lack of green spaces for recreation

Problem of sanitation still exists

ISSUES (2)

Terrestrial and marine ecosystems conservation

Major problem is of pollution of inland rivers and waters

Depleting fresh water sources through melting of Himalayan glaciers and depleting groundwater

Implementation issues

Sanitation facilities built but not utilized(Cultural Barrier)

Limit access to information and low awareness

Government’s Role

Inadequate integration of sustainability into NDP

Ecological and conservation schemes are met with resistance

Policy incoherence and weak institutional environment

Ineffective Implementation practices

ISSUES (3)

• Intensify “Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan”

• Involve stakeholders from the program development stage to implementation

• Facilitate exchange of good practices among state governments

• Scale up awareness-raising programs on sanitation involving communities and local governments

• Prioritize efforts to enable access by all to modern energy, roads, and essential urban and rural infrastructure

• Integrate the business processes to benefit all stakeholders as well as environment

• Inform stakeholders about proactive actions by the firm, undertake projects that offset the current emissions

• Focus approaches to commit to reducing GHG, engage in product development, improve processes, develop new markets and focus on changes within the organization and in the external networks

• Choose sustainable products by improving purchasing practices

• Participate and spread awareness programs among other people especially for the rural areas

• Be open to change• As educators, impart

environment sustainability knowledge as a compulsory part of education

• Follow waste minimization practices and reduce carbon footprint

Government Ownership Corporate Ownership Citizen Ownership

RECOMMENDATIONS

Implement water conservation mechanisms such as timers, stickers visible on taps, putting out buckets to collect rain water

Sort and recycle waste after meals and encourage the use of reusable containers to store snacks and meals

Make a shift in your purchasing pattern by choosing sustainable goods and services

Carpooling or using public transportation more often will reduce transportation costs as well as reduce carbon emissions from cars

Find nonprofit organizations in your area that promote sustainability and join these groups

Carry sustainability programs at workplace and promote these by giving rewards

LET’S TAKE A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Awakening the Dreamer Symposium

Greening in Action(GRINA)

Harvard University’s Initiatives

A transformative educational workshop that explores the

challenges and possibilities of this moment in time and the role

people can play in creating a new future

The Symposium awakens participants to the need for, and

opportunity of, bringing forth a new future for everyone. The half-day program with skilled facilitators

takes place in-person around the United States and in 79 other

countries, and is also available via video that can be watched at your

convenience

Promoting environmental sustainability in learning

institutions through youth led initiatives

It is an environmental accreditation and awards scheme initiated by

ACX an organization that promotes environmental sustainability among

citizens, the public and private sector

First US university to sign agreement with UN-backed organization “Principles for Responsible Investment”

The university is raising funds to launch a Climate Change solution

initiative as well as energy efficiency schemes

Developed to reach out to staff and students from learning institutions

and their stakeholders so as to raise awareness on environmental sustainability and behavioral

changes

It has signed for a Carbon Disclosure Project, an initiative

that pushes businesses to release information on their carbon

footprint

SOME “GOOD” PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD

eBay eco initiatives Makes it easy for people all over the world to exchange and reuse goods rather than throwing them away, thereby lengthening the lifespan of these products so they don’t wind up as trash

Starbucks Stores Go GreenIntroduced principles of environmental sustainability and green supply chain managementBy focusing on creating “green” stores, Starbucks has been able to reduce both operating costs and the environmental impact of its business practices

Google’s Environmental InnovationsInitiatives such as powering its facilities with renewable energy sources, bringing in goats to trim the grass, and hosting farmer’s markets and sustainable-cooking seminars

Coca-Cola environmental initiativesWorks for water stewardship, sustainable packaging, energy management and climate protection.It’s community water programs are designed to support healthy watersheds and sustainable programs to balance the water used throughout our production process

CORPORATE AND ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY

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