hp av

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HomePlug AV White Paper

Copyright © 2005, HomePlug®

Powerline Alliance, Inc., All Rights Resere!

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Document version number: HPAVWP-050818

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Copright ! "005# HomePlug$

Po%erline Alliance# &nc' Page " o( 11


Introduction

HomePlug AV )HPAV* represents the ne+t generation o( technolog (rom the HomePlug Po%erline Alliance' &ts purpose is

to provi,e high-ualit# multi-stream# entertainment oriente, net%or.ing over e+isting AC %iring %ithin the home# %hile

a,,ressing interoperabilit %ith HomePlug 1'0' HPAV emplos a,vance, PH/ an, AC technologies that provi,e a "00

bps )million bits per secon,* class po%erline net%or. (or vi,eo# au,io an, ,ata' he Phsical )PH/* 2aer utili3es this

"00 bps channel rate to provi,e a 150 bps in(ormation rate %ith robust# near-capacit communications over nois po%er

line channels' he e,ium Access Control )AC* 2aer is ,esigne, to be highl e((icient4 supporting both DA an,

CA base, access %ith AC line ccle snchroni3ation' he DA access provi,es 6ualit o( ervice )6o* guarantees

inclu,ing guarantee, ban,%i,th reservation# high reliabilit an, tight control o( latenc an, 7itter' he CA access

provi,es (our priorit levels' AC line ccle snchroni3ation provi,es superior channel a,aptation in the (ace o( common line

ccle-snchroni3e, noise' he Central Coor,inator )CCo* controls the activities o( the net%or.# allocating time (or CA

use an, sche,uling the DA use'

Homeplug AV also provi,es a,vance, capabilities consistent %ith ne% net%or.ing stan,ar,s' A,vance, et%or.

anagement (unctions an, (acilities are capable o( supporting user plug-an,-pla con(iguration as %ell as service provi,er

set-up an, con(iguration' HPAV o((ers tight securit base, on 1"8-bit A9 an, ma.es provision (or ,namic )automatic*

change o( the encrption .es an, (or several ,i((erent user e+periences in setting up securit an, a,mitting stations to the

net%or.' he ,esign allo%s a station to participate in multiple AV net%or.s' HPAV is bac.%ar, compatible %ith HomePlug

1'0 an, o((ers several man,ator an, optional co-e+istence mo,es enabling multi-net%or. operation# hi,,en no,e service

an, roa,ban, over Po%erline )P2* co-e+istence'

HPAV aims to be the net%or. o( choice (or the ,istribution o( ,ata an, multi-stream entertainment inclu,ing HDV# DV#

an, au,iophile ualit au,io throughout the home' &t is ,esigne, to provi,e the best connectivit at the highest 6o o( the

home net%or.ing technologies competing (or these applications' HomePlug AV enables all ,evices %ith a po%er plug to

have net%or. access through HPAV' HPAV %as ,esigne, to provi,e this capabilit at a cost that is competitive %ith other

competing technologies'

A glossar at the en, o( the paper ,e(ines the acronms use, in the paper'

System Architecture

;igure 1 sho%s an architectural ,iagram o( the HPAV sstem' he Higher 2aer 9ntities )H29s* above the H1 )Host*

&nter(ace ma be bri,ges# applications or servers that provi,e o((-chip services to clients belo% the H1 &nter(ace' he Data

ervice Access Point )AP* accepts 9thernet (ormat pac.ets# so all &P base, protocols are easil han,le,'

he Architecture ,e(ines t%o planes as sho%n in ;igure 1' he ,ata plane provi,es the tra,itional laere, approach %ith the

1 inter(ace bet%een the Convergence 2aer )C2* an, the AC# an, the PH/ inter(ace bet%een the AC an, the PH/' &n

the control plane# the AC is a monolith %ithout conventional laering' &n ;igure 1 it is labele, as the Connection anager

)C* since that is its primar (unction' he approach a,opte, (or the control plane %as chosen to provi,e more e((icient

processing an, to provi,e implementers greater (le+ibilit (or innovation' Although part o( the control plane in all stations#

the Central Coor,inator )CCo* entit %ill be active in one an, onl one station in a single HPAV net%or.'

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Control SAP Data SAP H1Interface

Control PlaneData Plane

CentralCoordinator (CCo)

M1Interface

PHY

Interface

P1Interface

Higher Layer Entity (HLE)

Connection Manager (CM)

Convergence (CL)

Media Access Control (MAC)

Physical (PHY)

Figure 1 HPAV Architecture

Physical (PHY) Layerhe Phsical 2aer )PH/* operates in the (reuenc range o( " - "8 H3 an, provi,es a "00 bps PH/ channel rate an, a

150 bps in(ormation rate' &t uses %in,o%e,

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Hoe!l"g1#$ %EC

%rae Control Encoder

%rae Control Divers ity Ma!!er

Ma!!er

I%%& ('*'$+,)

Insert Prea-le

Cyclic Pref i.*/indo0 2verla!

Scra-ler

&"r-o Convol"tionalEncoder

Interleaver

A%E

A3C

A%E

' Point %%&

%rae Control Deod"lator%rae ControlDe4interleaver

Prod"ct Decoder

Deod"lator Deinterleaver & "r-o %EC Decoder

'$+,Point %%&

De4 Scra-ler &ie Sync

1.0 Frame Control FEC

Pea5Liiter

AV Frame Control FEC

AV FECEncode r

RX

1.0 Frame Control De code r

1#$ %rae ControlData 2"t

A6 %rae Controland P7 Data 2"t

AV FECDe code r

TX

Figure HPAV !F"# $ranscei%er

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#A& Protocols'Ser%ices

HPAV provi,es connection-oriente, Contention ;ree )C;* service to support the 6o reuirements )guarantee, ban,%i,th#

latenc an, 7itter reuirements* o( ,eman,ing AV an, &P applications' his Contention ;ree service is base, on perio,ic

ime Division ultiple Access )DA* allocations o( a,euate ,uration to support the 6o reuirements o( a connection'

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Po%erline Alliance# &nc' Page 5 o( 11

HPAV also provi,es a connectionless# prioriti3e, Contention base, service to support both best-e((ort applications an,

applications that rel on prioriti3e, 6o' his service is base, on Collision ense ultiple AccessECollision Avoi,ance

)CAECA* technolog %hich is applie, to onl tra((ic at the highest pen,ing priorit level a(ter the pen,ing tra((ic %ith

lo%er priorit levels has been eliminate, ,uring a brie( Priorit esolution phase at the beginning o( the contention %in,o%'

o e((icientl provi,e both .in,s o( communication service# HPAV implements a (le+ible# centrall-manage, architecture'

he central manager is calle, a Central Coor,inator )CCo*' he CCo establishes a eacon Perio, an, a sche,ule %hich

accommo,ates both the Contention ;ree allocations an, the time allotte, (or Contention-base, tra((ic' As sho%n in ;igure =#

the eacon Perio, is ,ivi,e, into = regions:

• eacon egion

• CA egion

• Contention-;ree egion

he CCo broa,casts a beacon at the beginning o( each eacon Perio,4 it uses the beacon to communicate the sche,uling

%ithin the beacon perio,' he beacons are e+tremel robust an, reliable' he sche,ules a,vertise, in the eacon are

persistentFi'e'# the CCo promises not to change the sche,ule (or a number o( eacon Perio,sFan, the persistence is also

a,vertise, in the beacon so that the transmitting station (or a connection can con(i,entl transmit ,uring its persistent

allocation)s* even i( it has misse, several beacons %ithin the a,vertise, persistence o( the sche,ule' his provi,es a,,itional

continuit even i( a (e% beacons are misse,' he CA perio,s are also persistent so that stations %ishing to sen, CA

tra((ic can ,o so even i( the miss a (e% beacons'

he AC laer provi,es both Contention )CA* an, Contention ;ree )C;* services through the respective regions in the

eacon Perio,' he CCo-manage, Persistent Contention ;ree )PC;* egion enables HPAV to provi,e a strict guarantee on

Higher 2aer 9ntit )H29* 6o reuirements' An H29 uses the Connection peci(ication )CP9C* to speci( its 6o

reuirements' he Connection anager )C* in the station evaluates the CP9C an,# i( appropriate# communicates the

pertinent reuirements to the CCo an, as.s the CCo (or a suitable Contention ;ree allocation' 6o (eatures speci(ie, in the

CP9C inclu,e:

• Buarantee, ban,%i,th

• 6uasi-9rror (ree service

• ;i+e, 2atenc

• Gitter control

&( the CCo is able to accommo,ate the connection reuest# it %ill as. the stations to soun,I the channel' his allo%s the

stations to per(orm the initial channel estimation )i'e'# establish a one ap speci(ing the optimal mo,ulation on each

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Po%erline Alliance# &nc' Page K o( 11

As sho%n in ;igure =# the eacon Perio, is snchroni3e, to the AC line ccle' snchroni3ing to the line ccle# HPAV

provi,es stabilit o( the perio,ic allocations relative to the line ccle' his# in turn# provi,es better channel a,aptation to the

snchronous )to the line ccle* inter(erence# resulting in improve, throughput' he beacon provi,es announcements o( %here

the beacon %ill occur over the ne+t (e% beacon perio,sFi'e'# beacon persistenceFto enable continue, communications b

stations that miss an occasional beacon'

Figure *ample o+ ,eacon Period Structure

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Cross

AC Line Cycle

7eacon Period

7eacon Period Start &ie* synchorni8ed to ACline cycle fre9"ency

%i.ed o:set fro

AC Line Cycle

;ero

7eacon

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he AC also maintains a cloc. that is tightl snchroni3e, to the CCos cloc. )the CCo inclu,es a timestamp in the

beacon*' his means that the entire HPAV net%or. shares a common net%or. cloc. (or use b H29s that have tight timing

constraints )e'g'# to snchroni3e surroun, soun, spea.ers*'

#A& "ata Plane

&n the Data Plane# the AC accepts DLs )e'g'# 9thernet pac.ets* arriving (rom the Convergence 2aer an, encapsulates

them %ith a hea,er# optional Arrival ime tamp )A* an, Chec. um to create a AC ;rame' he AC ;rames are thenenueue, into the appropriate AC ;rame tream' &t is the ACs responsibilit to ensure that the DLs relate, to a

given connection are ,elivere, to the PH/ in a timel (ashion (or transmission ,uring the time allocate, (or the connection'

;or this purpose# it maintains in,ivi,ual ueues (or each connections ,ata# (or each priorit level o( CA tra((ic an, (or

each priorit level o( Control essages'

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S2% Payload S2% Payload S2% Pa yload SAC

9ach AC (rame stream is ,ivi,e, into 51" octet segments each o( %hich is encrpte, an, encapsulate, into a seriali3e,

PH/ loc. )P*' As sho%n in ;igure # the Ps are pac.e, into an PDL %hich is ,elivere, to the PH/' he PH/

transmitter applies (or%ar, error correction an, places the resulting PPDL onto the po%erline as ,escribe, in the PH/

section above'

As the receiver reconstructs the DLs# it selectivel ac.no%le,ges the Ps4 those that are not positivel ac.no%le,ge, are

retransmitte, ,uring the ne+t J

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9ach station that hears the Discover eacon a,,s the in(ormation it contains to a Discovere, tation 2ist )D2*' While

buil,ing its D2# i( the station encounters a Discover eacon (rom a station in a ,i((erent AV2# it a,,s the in(ormation

about the other net%or. to a Discovere, et%or.s 2ist )D2*' Perio,icall the CCo as.s each station (or its D2 an, D2

an, use the collecte, lists to compose a topolog map'

he CCo uses the topolog map it buil,s (rom the collecte, D2s an, D2s to ,etermine i( there is another station in the

AV2 that %oul, ma.e a better CCo than it' he criteria (or ma.ing this ,ecision# in or,er o( priorit# are:

1' Lsers election

"' CCo Capabilit=' umber o( ,iscovere, As in the Discovere, tation 2ist

' umber o( ,iscovere, AV2s in the Discovere, et%or. 2ist

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&( the current CCo (in,s another station that %oul, ma.e a better CCo# it %ill negotiate a han,over o( CCo (unctions to the

ne% CCo' Depen,ing upon the capabilities o( the ol, an, ne% CCos# the han,over ma or ma not result in e+isting

connections being torn ,o%n'

he CCo ma also select another CCo-capable station to be its bac.up in case o( (ailure' &( the station accepts the bac.up

role# it %ill monitor the AV2 an,# i( the CCos beacon is not hear, b an stations in the AV2 (or a speci(ie, number o(

eacon Perio,s# the bac.up CCo %ill assume the role o( CCo an, attempt to maintain the e+isting connections %ithout

,isruption'

ince a station must be capable o( communicating %ith the CCo in or,er to 7oin an AV2 an, establish connections# a pro+

capabilit is provi,e, to support stations that are hi,,en (rom )i'e'# unable to communicate %ith* the CCo' his capabilit

provi,es (or the creation o( a Pro+ Coor,inator )PCo* to repeat the beacon in(ormation in Pro+ eacons an, to rela

control messages bet%een the hi,,en station an, the CCo' ote that onl control messages are relae,' he station must be

able to communicate ,irectl %ith an stations %ith %hich it %ishes to establish a connection' he PCo also transmits a

Pro+ eacon ,uring each eacon Perio, to conve sche,uling an, other in(ormation to the hi,,en station'

When all stations are i,le# the CCo causes the AV2 to enter a po%er saving mo,e' &n this mo,e# there is onl a small

CA egion )so stations can initiate communication* an, a small PC; egion )7ust long enough (or Discover an, Pro+

beacons*' tations must have their receivers on ,uring these small regions to participate in the AV24 the ma turn their

transmitters an, receivers o(( (or the remain,er o( the eacon Perio,' his ma.es it easier (or stations to uali( (or 9nergtar certi(ication'

&on%ergence Layer

he Convergence 2aer )C2* serves as the inter(ace bet%een the H29s an, the AC in the Data Plane' &t accepts ,ata

paloa,s through ervice Access Points )APs* at the H1 &nter(ace an, processes them as nee,e, prior to han,ing them o((

to the AC through the 1 inter(ace' he onl Data AP speci(ie, b AV is the 9thernet &&-class stac.' his stac. supports

pac.et (ormats as speci(ie, b &999 80"'= %ith or %ithout &999 80"'" )22C*# &999 80"'1H )AP* e+tensions# an,Eor

V2A tagging' Lsing the 9thernet (ormat ma.es it eas (or AV2s to inter(ace to other 2As'

Among the services the C2 provi,es on the transmit si,e are classi(ication an, auto connection' &( reueste, (or a connection#

the C2 %ill also associate an Arrival ime tamp )A* %ith the ,ata paloa,'

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Lntil the AC i,enti(ies a connection# it releases the pac.ets (or transmission in the CA perio, imme,iatel upon

completion o( the pac.ets inspection'

&( the AC i,enti(ies a particular ,ata (lo% as connection %orth# it behaves in a manner analogous to an H29 an, as.s the

C to set up a connection# provi,ing classi(ier rules# etc' When the C establishes the connection# the Classi(ier %ill start

associating the pac.ets %ith the ne%l establishe, connection an, the AC %ill no longer see them' he AC is# ho%ever#

responsible (or servicing the connection in the same %a that an H29 %oul,'

At the receiving station# the C2 ,emu+es the receive, pac.ets' &( the pac.ets are associate, %ith a connection (or %hich

smoothing )a'.'a' ,e-7ittering* has been reueste,# the C2 %ill bu((er the pac.ets (or the appropriate time so that all pac.ets

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7eacon

Period (''#' ?

$ sec#)

7eacon

Period (''#' ?

$ sec#)

==1

==,

Figure 5 Neighbor Network Coordination

When multiple AV2s are coe+isting# each has a ban,%i,th uota# i'e'# a portion o( the eacon Perio, that it uses (or its

PC; egion' he uota is ,e(ine, b policies %hich are suitable (or the regulator region in %hich the AV2 is operating'

he ,e(ault uota is eual shares'

A(ter allo%ances are ma,e (or the eacon egion an, (or a minimal hare, CA region# a CCo ma allocate as much o(the remaining ban,%i,th as is available to service its connections' &t ma even e+cee, its uota i( the ban,%i,th is available'

&( an AV2 is using more than its uotaF%hich ,epen,s upon the number o( sFit must relinuish ban,%i,th ,o%n to

its uota i( reueste, b its neighbors# even i( it has to recon(igure )suee3e* or release connections in or,er to (it %ithin its

uota' &t is not reuire, to ,rop belo% its uota or to release ban,%i,th to another i( the release %oul, cause that to

e+cee, its uota'

&oe*istence

HomePlug 134 &oe*istence

he AV PH/ enables coe+istence an, interoperabilit %ith HomePlug 1'0 ,evices' he speci(ication reuires coe+istence

but interoperabilit is optional' Coe+istence means that AV ,evices are capable o( the lo%-level communications %ith 1'0,evices nee,e, to share the me,ium# but not necessaril the abilit to communicate paloa, ,ata' An optionall

interoperable ,evice has the abilit to communicate paloa, ,ata %ith 1'0 ,evices'

Coe+istence is achieve, %ith the use o( preambles that all ,evices )AV an, 1'0* can use (or snchroni3ation# as %ell as the

a,,ition o( 1'0 ;rame Controls' he a,,itional ;rame Controls an, 1'0 coe+istence mechanisms are onl activate, %hen one

or more 1'0 ,evices are ,etecte,'

,PL &oe*istence

HPAV emplos P2 Coe+istence through one o( t%o metho,s: Coe+istence o( ervices# an, Coe+istence o( echnologies'

Coe+istence o( ervices provi,es an e((icient# integrate, e+tension o( services# %hile Coe+istence o( echnologies allo%s

simultaneous use o( the po%erline b ,i((ering technologies'

he Coe+istence o( ervices metho, uses D %ith beacon signaling an, messaging to coor,inate the in-home an, P2

net%or.s' et%or. coor,ination allo%s (le+ible time allocation an, re-use' ;le+ible allocation provi,es increase, e((icienc

an, throughput (or both net%or.s b allo%ing either net%or. to utili3e unuse, time in the other net%or.' &n a,,ition# both

net%or.s can communicate allo%ing service-level integration (rom provi,ers to in-home ,evices

he Coe+istence o( echnologies metho, uses ;D to allo% ,i((ering technologies to coe+ist' While allo%ing uniue

technologies to share the po%erline# it lac.s the abilit to share unuse, ban,%i,th %ith the other net%or.)s*'

&onclusion

7<

7<

=

=

eacon

SharedCSMA

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&n this paper# an overvie% o( HomePlug AV has been presente,' An overvie% o( the architecture an, some ,etails o( each o(

the (unctional bloc.s have been presente,' &n or,er to get complete ,etails an, access the speci(ication# an compan ma

7oin the HomePlug Alliance' &nstructions on ho% to ,o this can be (oun, at http:EE%%%'homeplug'orgEenE7oinEin,e+'asp'

http://www.homeplug.org/en/join/index.asphttp://www.homeplug.org/en/join/index.asphttp://www.homeplug.org/en/join/index.asphttp://www.homeplug.org/en/join/index.asp

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/lossary

Acronym #eaning

A&S Auto &onnection ServiceAS A,vance, ncrption Stan,ar,

AF Analog Front n,

A/& Automatic /ain &ontroller

A$S Arrival $ime Stamp

AVL0 HomePlug AV Logical 0et%or.

,PL ,roa,ban, over Po%er line

,PS5 ,inar Phase Shi(t 5 eing

&&o &entral &oor,inator

&F &ontention Free

&I" &onnection I"

&L &onvergence Laer

&onnection #anager

&S#A'&A &ollision Sense #ultipleAccessE&ollision Avoi,ance

&SP& &onnection Speci(ication

"A5 "evice Access 5 e

"0L "iscovere, 0et%or.s List

"SL "iscovere, Station List

AP +tensible Authentication Protocol

F"# Freuenc "ivision #ultiple+ing

F& For%ar, rror &ontrol

FF$ Fast Fourier $rans(orm

H"$V High "e(inition $ele%ision

HL Higher Laer ntit

HPAV HomePlug AV

IFF$ Inverse Fast Fourier $rans(orm

I0L Inter(ering 0et%or. List

Acronym #eaning

#A& #e,ium Access &ontrol#P". #AC Protocol "ata .nit

#S". #AC Service "ata .nit

05 0et%or. ncrption 5 e

0#5 0et%or. #embership 5 e

00 0eighboring 0et%or.

0PW 0et%or. Passor,

!F"# !rthogonal Freuenc "ivision#ultiple+ing

P, PH/ ,loc.

P&F Persistent &ontention Free

P&o Pro+ &oor,inator

PHY Physical 2aer

PP". PH/ Protocol "ata .nit

6A# 6ua,rature Amplitu,e #o,ulation

6oS 6ualit o( Service

SA&5 Selective Ac2 no%le,ge

SAP Service Access Point

S"$V Stan,ar, "e(inition $ele%ision

S07 Signal-to-0oise 7 atio

S!F Start o( Frame

S$A Station

$&& $urbo &onvolutional &o,e

$"# $ime "ivision #ultiple+ing

$"#A $ime "ivision #ultiple Access

$8!P $ransmit !p portunit

VLA0 Virtual LA0

hp av

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