how to understand music. song forms ab - strophic form/binary form aba – sonata form/ternary form...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Form and NotationHow to Understand Music
![Page 2: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
First, Form
![Page 3: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Song FormsAB - strophic form/binary formABA – sonata form/ternary formAABA – 32-bar song formABACADA – rondo formBLUES FORM – Phrase 1 I I I I Phrase 2 IV IV IV IV Phrase 3 V IV I I
![Page 4: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Binary Form or Strophic Form (Do I have to call it that?)
Binary form is otherwise known as AB form. A song in AB form will have a verse and chorus.
Example: Jingle Bells Is there anyone who doesn’t know that holiday song?
![Page 5: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Binary Form (cont.)Part A: Dashing through the snow in a one-
horse open sleigh. O’er the fields we go, laughing all the
way. Bells on bobtail ring, making spirits
bright. What fun it is to ride and sing a
sleighing song tonight.Part B: Jingle Bells, jingle bells. Jingle all the
way. Oh, what fun it is to ride in a one-
horse open sleigh. Hey!Repeat A and B in order as many times as
possible!
![Page 6: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sonata Form or Ternary Form• A B A• • EXPOSITION DEVELOPMENT RECAPITULATION• • 1st Theme Development of 1 All Themes from A
or more themes from “A”• (1st-tonic) (Dominant Key)
(Tonic)
• 2nd Theme• (2nd-dominant• • Closing Theme• (Closing-dominant)• •
•
•
•
![Page 7: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Have you heard of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony?
Let’s listen to the first movement.
Notice how the motive of da-da-da-da repeats throughout the piece.
Also, listen as I point out the “A” section and the “B” section and how the “A” section comes back at the end in a not so subtle way. Let’s look at the diagram on the next page to identify the parts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRgXUFnfKIY
![Page 8: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sonata Form or Ternary Form A B AEXPOSITION DEVELOPMENT
RECAPITULATION1st Theme Development of 1 All
Themes from A or more themes from “A”(1st-tonic) (Dominant Key)
(Tonic)2nd Theme
(2nd-dominant Closing Theme (Closing-dominant)
![Page 9: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ABA SongExample: Twinkle, twinkle little star
A: Twinkle, twinkle little star, How I wonder what you are. B: Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.
The standard ABA form (ternary or sonata form) popular song is divided into 8 (A)/8 (A)/8 (B)/8 (A) or 32 bars of music.
![Page 10: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What song can you name that is in AABA song form?An art piece would be something most of you
have heard, a piece called Fur Elise (For Elise, his student) by Beethoven.
Your turn!
![Page 11: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rondo, or ABACA, FormRondo form involves starting with the A
section, having the A section in the middle, and ending with the A section.
Examples: ABACA ABACADA
ABACADAEAListening example: Turkish Rondo by Mozart http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=juLRqSV45vo
![Page 12: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Blues Form This form is the basis of most real blues
songs and most early rock and roll songs. Example: Hound Dog by Lieber and Stoller (famously sung by Elvis Presley) http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XUAg1_A7IE&feature=fvwrel (Big Mama Thornton)
Phrase 1 I I I I Phrase 2 IV IV IV IV Phrase 3 V IV I I
![Page 13: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
One last form: Through-composed
A through-composed song fits NO standard form. Example: The Star-Spangled Banner. It’s form is as follows:
A A B C
THE END
![Page 14: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Concerto and the Symphony
QUESTION: Do I really have to know this? ANSWER: YES
![Page 15: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What is a Concerto?• Concerto = concert = together • Concerto grosso - Piece in 3 contrasted
movements with a small body (group) of instruments heard in alternate and together with the larger orchestra.
Large group: Ripieno or tutti (meaning
full in Italian) Small group: Concertino (meaning
small in Italiano)
![Page 16: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is a Concerto? (cont.)• This form originated during the baroque period.• • Composers wrote for whatever instruments were
available to the group.• • Into the classical age, the concertino (small
group) got smaller to the point where they became more soloists with orchestral accompaniment.
• a) Soloists became the flash or sizzle of the piece.
• b) “Violinistic”refers to the flashiness.
![Page 17: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What is a Symphony? • Symphony = from the Greek meaning
sounding together. • A symphony is now a SONATA FOR
ORCHESTRA. • The 18th c. operatic overture was the
original version consisted and consisted of 3 movements (quick-slow-quick). It developed into a 4 movement work during the classical period.
![Page 18: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Parts of a Symphony• Movement 1: Sonata Form (usually the
most • important
movement)• Movement 2: Slower and more lyrical• Movement 3: Minuet and Trio, or
Scherzo• Movement 4: Usually Rondo Form (ABACA) or Sonata Form (ABA) ( a
longer piece of music)
![Page 19: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Let’s watch an orchestra play a symphony.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HbMzu1aQW8
![Page 20: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
THE END
![Page 21: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
WHAT IS NOTATION?
![Page 22: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Treble Staff.First, the treble staff:
![Page 23: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Bass StaffSecond, the bass staff:
![Page 24: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
And now, the Grand Staff!The following figure shows a generous range
of notes on the grand staff and how they relate to the keyboard.
![Page 25: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Music Keyboard
![Page 26: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
And, how about them notes and rests?
Let’s go to a website to help us.
www.musictheory.net
![Page 27: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What the heck is a scale and why is it so important?
![Page 28: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
First we have to define “accidental”.
![Page 29: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What is an accidental?A sharp raises a scale tone 1/2 step. The sign
is placed before the note. • A flat lowers a scale tone 1/2 step. The sign is placed before the note. A natural indicates that the tone should not be sharpped or flatted for one measure
only.
• .
![Page 30: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Now we can construct the diatonic major and minor scales.A major or minor scale must use all 7 letters
of the alphabet. None can be repeated. C Major: C D E F G A B C No sharps or flats A minor: A B C D E F G A No sharps or flats.Why are the above scales like this?
![Page 31: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Music Keyboard, again:
![Page 32: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Steps to constructing the scales. It’s patterns, kid!
A major (M) or minor (m) diatonic scale consists of 2 types of tones:
1. Whole tone (w) or 2 half steps 2. Half tone or semitone (h): the
distance from one note to the note next to it on a music keyboard.
Example: E to F, F# to G, G to Ab
![Page 33: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Let’s compare scale phone numbers!The major scale telephone number is:
2 2 1 – 2 2 2 1 or w w h – w w w hThe minor scale telephone number is: 2 1 2 – 2 1 2 2 or w h w = w h w w2 = 2 half steps or 1 whole step1 = 1 half step
![Page 34: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Examples of ScalesMajor scale examples: F G A Bb C D E F called F Major G A B C D E F# G called G MajorMinor scale examples: A B C D E F G A G A Bb C D Eb F G
![Page 35: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Sometimes the scales have relatives!A relative minor starts on the 6th tone of its
relative major scale and shares all the same notes including sharps or flats (just like you might look like your relatives).
A parallel minor starts on the 1 tone of a major scale and DOES NOT share the same notes (This one is adopted!).
![Page 36: How to Understand Music. Song Forms AB - strophic form/binary form ABA – sonata form/ternary form AABA – 32-bar song form ABACADA – rondo form BLUES](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061507/56649f335503460f94c4fa9b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
THE END