how to measure pain. p.q.r.s.t. …..is an acronym that helps you to measure pain by asking...
TRANSCRIPT
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How to measure pain
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P.Q.R.S.T.P.Q.R.S.T. …..is an acronym that helps you to measure pain by asking fundamental questions
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PPALLIATIVE OR PROVOKING
What makes you feel better or worse?
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QQUALITY
What is the pain like?What kind of pain is it?
Can you describe the pain?
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RREGION
What is the region involved? Where does it hurt?
Does the pain radiate?
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SSEVERITY
How much does it hurt? Can you still work?
Are you incapacitated? Are you able to sleep, to work?
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TTIME/TEMPORAL
When does the pain occur? Is the pain intermittent or constant?
What time of the day do you feel the pain?
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The different kinds of painAcute
ChronicMalignant
Non-malignantSomatic
Neuropathicvisceral
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Acute painBegins suddenlySharp in qualityClear defined cause – injury, tissue damageSpecific disease
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Chronic painPain may subside as healing proceedsContinues over timeDull or more severeLasts for more than 3 months
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malignantFrom cancer
radiation therapy chemotherapy
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Non-malignantNot life-theatening
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somatic…Coming from
skinBoneJoint muscle
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neuropathicDamage to nerve
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visceralComing from internal organs
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Pain examplesANGINA PECTORIS
“TIGHT CHEST”TYPICAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PAIN
CAUSED BY atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
People with angina experience pain in the centre of the chest. The chest can feel constricted and tight, but the pain can also be
oppressive, as if something is crushing your chest. Pain starts in the centre of the chest behind the breast bone
(sternum) or on the left side of the front of the chest. It can spread out to other parts of your body like your arms and stomach.
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/angina.htm#ixzz2xuJzE13B
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Angina pectoris
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Heartburn painHeartburn is a painful burning feeling just
below or behind the breastbone. Most of the time it comes from the esophagus. The pain often rises in your chest from your stomach and may spread to your neck or throat.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003114.htm
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HEARTBURN PAIN REGION
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Heartburn or heart attack?
HEARTBURNIt usually occurs after eating or while lying
down or bending.It can be brief or continue for a few hours.You notice a burning sensation in your chest
that may start in your upper abdomen and radiate all the way to your neck.
Stomach acid that moves up into the esophagus
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QUIZ
What is HYPERALGESIA?
An increased sensitivity to pain
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paresthesiaAn abnormal sensation (not unpleasant)
Part numbed or insensitive “pins and needles” sensation
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myalgiaMuscle pain
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Pain in a limb that has been amputated…Phantom pain
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Arthralgia and neuralgiaJoints and nerve pain
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The most common site of joint pain?The knee
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analgesiaWithout pain
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C.I.P.A.Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with
Anhidrosis
A rare disorder where there is total absence of pain and sweating
No feelings of pain even with damage or injury
Ability to keep tollerate freezing temperatures
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Pain is measured…0-10
0 - no pain10 – worst pain
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NarcoticsUsed to induce stupor
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Poena - painFrom Latin meaning penalty
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Pain thresholdWomen have a higher tollerance of pain
DeliveryLabourMenstrual pain- Dysmenorrhea