how to interpret your lab tests
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS
Janice Price, M.Ed, RNSwedish Medical Center HIV
Research Program
![Page 2: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TESTS
• CBC: Complete Blood Count
• Serum Chemistries
• Liver Function/ Amylase
• Lipids: Blood Fats
• Immune System: CD4 & Viral Load
![Page 3: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CBC: Complete Blood Count
• Red Blood Cells: RBC
• White Blood Cells:WBC
• Platelets: Plts
• Serum/Plasma
![Page 4: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Blood Cell Types
![Page 5: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bone Marrow
• All Blood Cells made in bone marrow.
• Bone Marrow is the spongy centers of bones sometimes seen in cuts of meat
![Page 6: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stem Cells
• Stem cells are young cells
• All blood cells start as stem cells
• They get “drafted” as RBCs, WBCs or platelets depending on the body’s needs
![Page 7: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Red Blood Cells
• Called erythrocytes
• “cytes” = cells
• Shaped like bagel with hole covered over
• Filled with hemoglobin that carries oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body.
Utah State University
![Page 8: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
White Blood Cells
• WBCs are disease fighters
• Some make antibodies and some fight invaders directly
• Divided into categories depending on function and what they look like.
![Page 9: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of White Cells
• Lymphocytes: B and T cells. Agranulocytes
• Granulocytes: polymorphonucleocoytes mostly neutrophils (55-80%), also basophils and eosonophils
• Monocytes: mature into macrophages (big eaters)
![Page 10: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A macrophage attacking a bacteria with a cellular extension called a pseudopod
![Page 11: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Abbreviations
• RBC = Red Blood Cell
• WBC = White Blood Cell
• HCT = Hematocrit
• Hbg = Hemoglobin
• ANC = Absolute Neutrophil Count
![Page 12: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CBC
![Page 13: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TESTS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION
A human cell infected with a rhinovirus ruptures, relasing millions of new viruses
![Page 17: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A human T-helper cell is under attack by HIV virus
![Page 19: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Viral Load Tests
• PCR: Most common. Usually expressed has HIV-1 PCR in copies per milliliter. Roche Amplicor
• bDNA: values are different. Usually ½ of PCR value
• NASBA: nucleic acid sequence based amplification. Values are also different
![Page 20: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
UNDETECTABLE VIRAL LOAD DOES NOT MEAN NO
VIRUS PRESENT
Remember: there are other places for virus to hide
![Page 21: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Viral Load Expressed as Log
10 x = viral load
![Page 23: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Genotype/Phenotype
![Page 24: HOW TO INTERPRET YOUR LAB TESTS](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051123/5a65f3ce7f8b9a723f8b4c19/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Blood Types