how to formulate and evaluate your research questions
DESCRIPTION
We present scripts to write research questions based on the focus of your problem and criteria to evaluate their appropriateness.TRANSCRIPT
How to Formulate and Evaluate Your Research
Questions
Three Related Concepts
• Topic : It is the general area of knowledge that interests you. For example, reading learning, innova>ve art, hospital primary care, decision making, animal rights, differen>al equa>ons, etc.
• Research Problem: It is what calls your aDen>on within the topic because it seems not to be working properly and consequently has to be studied.
• Research Ques>on: : It is what you specifically want to answer or test conduc>ng a study. In other words, the ques>on that states what you will look for.
Process to Formulate Your Research Questions
List Topics
Evaluate Topics Using Criteria
Choose Topic
Iden>fy Problems for the Topic
Evaluate Problems Using Criteria
Choose Research Problem
Iden>fy What You Want to Know or Test about the Problem
Formulate the Research Ques>on(s)
Evaluate Research Ques>on(s) Using Criteria
You can read criteria for evaluating topics and problems at:
www.doctoralnet.com www.slideshare.net/Silvercusa/selecting-the-research-problem-for-your-doctoral-dissertation
What is a Research Question?
• It is what you want to answer or test in order to solve the iden>fied problem or understand it beDer.
• It is the guiding element to make decisions on deepening literature review, choosing a valid research method, and analyzing findings.
Elements of a Good Research Question
• The what, who, when, where, how, and why of the research study. The first four interroga>ves relate to descrip>on of elements of the problem, the fiQh to a process of it, and the last one to causa>on.
• What is intended to do (describe, explore, compare, explain, or even evaluate)
Examples of Scripts for Research Questions
Focus of the research question:
Description of the elements of the
identified problem
• What/How ____(the unknown element) __ (central phenomenon) ___ (par>cipants) ___(research site/period of >me)?
1. What are the digital wri>ng tools more used by Texan college students to prepare essays? 2. How oQen do Bri>sh police recruits ask for mentoring during their first year in the
force? 3. How is domes>c violence perceived by Mexican rural communi>es?
Examples of Scripts for Research Questions (II)
Focus of the research question: Exploration of the elements of the problem
• What _____(unknown element)__(central phenomenon) __(par>cipants)__(research site/period of >me)?
1. What differen>ated strategies are used to teach minori>es at elementary public schools in Dade county?
2. What are the opinions of Italian community leaders about current illegal immigra>on from Africa?
Examples of Scripts for Research Questions (III)
Focus of the research question: Compare elements of the problem
• What is/are the difference(s) between/among__(central phenomenon) _(par>cipants)__(research site/period of >me)?
1. What are the differences in social network usage between Australian female and male university students?
2. What is the difference in percep>on toward insurance among drivers of three California coun>es?
Examples of Scripts for Research Questions (IV)
Focus of the research question: Explanation of the problem
• What/Why__(unknown element)__(central phenomenon)_(par>cipants)_ (research site/period of >me)?
1. What is the rela>onship between the teaching strategy and the scores high school students achieve in the math sub-‐test of the TAKS?
2. Why do first year Bri>sh policemen leave the force?
f
Formulate a research question applying one of the scripts presented
Criteria to Evaluate a Research Question
Adapted from: Green, N. (2008). Formulating and
refining a research question. In Gilbert, N. (Ed.). Researching social life. Guildford, UK: University of Surrey
• Specific (what needs to be answered is clearly and concisely stated) • Key elements are present (what, who, where, when, how, and/or why) • Answerable (possible to know what would take to answer it) • Interesting for you and others • Feasible (in terms of time, costs, skills, required information, access to it, etc.) • Meaningful to you, others, and the field of study • Timely (Is it a hot question these days ? Is it possible to generate new directions to research) • Ethical (maintain ethical standards in relation to participants, data, and researcher)
Apply the criteria to the research question you formulated
Now you know :
1. What a research question is
2. Its role in the research process
3. What elements should be in a research question
4. How to formulate a research question
5. How to evaluate its appropriateness
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Research the helps you develop your world: Ac>on research + doctoral disserta>on 10/06/2013
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