how the government was formed after prophet muhammad

8/9/2019 How the Government Was Formed After Prophet Muhammad

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ON THE SUBJECT AS TO HOW THEGOVERNMENT WAS DEVELOPED

AFTER RASULULLAAH (SallallaahuAlayhi Wa Sallam)

(DISCOURSES)

MAJLIS-I-DARS

HELD AT ISLAAMIC ACADEMY OF MANCHESTERON THE 03RD AUGUST, 1996

ADDRESS:ALLAMAH DR. KHALID MAHMUD

DIRECTOR OF

ISLAAMIC ACADEMY OF MANCHESTER (U.K.)

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The requesting for a pen and a piece of paper for writing a will.The three bequeaths of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) .Cordial treatment of delegations. Welcome of the missions.The removal of infidels from the Arabian Peninsula.The blessed grave must not be made a place of prostration.The refusal of Shias from this bequest.The Shias' belief that pen and paper were requested to write the name ofHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as Caliph.Who was responsible of writing the statements of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).Another narration on requesting pen and paper.Reference to the common traditional pattern of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu

alayhi wa sallam).Appointing an "Ameer".The obedience to the creation and disobedience to the Creator.An Ameer appointed by any Authority does not hold a sinless status.Sabai conspiracy against Hadhrat Usman (radhiyAllaahu anhu).Propaganda against Imam Abu Hanifa (RA).Punishment given to Sabai leader by Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu).How to form a government in Islaam?

The gathering at Saqeefa Bani Sa'ida.To follow the tradition of Gazwa Muta.The position of Kashf vision of the secret of Islaam.How the government was developed after Nabi (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam).One method of appointing a successor.The burial of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).The status of the Quraish in Arabia.

The election of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu).Was Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) elected in a gathering ofhis own people or were the Ansars agreed on this issue.Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)was Imam in his life time aswell as after his demise.The funeral prayer of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) - anew way.The funeral prayer of Sheikhain, Muhajireen and the Ansars.

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Those present at the funeral.The order for the early burial of dead bodies.

INDEXThe circumstantial request.Weekly Majlis-I-Dars. (Discourses)The Noble Quraan confirms all previous revealed books in principle.The refusal to believe in the blessed Rasool (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) was due to stubbornness.The prayer for victory was made with their(the Jews) affinity toRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).The narration of Imam Bahaqi (RA).

The statement of Qazi Shakoori (RA).The news about the birth of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam),the last of the prophets.To seek from pious people with reference to their affinity to Allaah isnot permitted.What was the real reason for the obstancy of the Jews.Who are the most bitter enemies of the Muslims?The Jews were hopeful that the Tree of Islaam would be uprooted.

The Jews were happy at no male issue from Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam).The offspring of the caliphs are great in number.The Jewish conspiracy to cause disunity amongst the Companions .Was there any nomination of a Caliph at Gadeer-e-Khum.The matter of succession after Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) .Who led the Muslims in prayer in the absence of Rasulullaah

(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).An important statement of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) upon thedemise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).Was Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) answerable to the nation?Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) did not nominate anyone ashis successor.One false story of the JewsShiah propaganda and it's analysis.

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The matter of Imamat for Shiahs.The Shiah belief that the verse of "completion of Deen" descended onthe 18th of Dhul Hajj.The claim of Khalil Qazvini that it descended twice.Why did Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) not claim caliphate?Offering prayer behind Hadhrat Ali in pursuing the Imamat of HadhratAbu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu).Was there any proposal to appoint a caliph during Nabi (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam's) illness..Allaah's guarantee concerning the blessed body of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) is that it would be protected.The blessed body of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) is

preserved.Allaah's guarantee for the protection of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) from the enemies.The perspiration of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was alsoperfumed.The Sunni history regarding the companions is very clear.Who was Abdullaah bin Saba?The prophecy of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) concerning

the disturbance.Hadhrat Uthmaan's (radhiyAllaahu anhu) righteousness.The marriage of two daughters of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) to Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahu anhu), one after the other.While it is necessary to learn deeniyat, the safety of beliefs is alsoobligatory.Salvation (deliverance) is in following the path of the Ahle Sunnat WalJama'at.

Why Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) burnt Ibne Saba in the fire?One request to the Muslim brethren.Conclusion.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL REQUEST

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How the government was established after Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) is a pertinent question in Islaamic History. It is alsoa fact that whatever transpired then, neither can caliphate bewithdrawn from anybody nor can it be given to any person of that era orof that time. How foolish are those evil speakers and preachers-cum-speakers who, distorting the facts, curse the piouspredecessors.

Those events which took place are events of our history and we are notashamed of this history of ours on an international level. This history proves that Islaam is a complete code of life, which is equally

implemented in peaceful homes as well as in battle-fields. All beliefs,actions, ethics, politics and centres of business, in every sphere of life,the brightness of the rightly guided caliphs (Khulafa-e-Rashidin) haveshone and in the fourteen centuries of our history, the rays of goodnesswhich appeared were the rays of this very sun (i.e. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).

In the Islaamic Academy of Manchester, weekly lessons on the Noble

Quraan are being held continuously for the last twenty-two years, inwhich not only the people of Manchester, but people from far off citiesand areas also participate in large numbers. On the 3rd August 1996,during one such session, the question arose as to how the governmentwas established after the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam)? This discussion resulted in the historical events coming intochronological order. Some of the participants desired to have itpublished in the form of a pamphlet so that the dissipated hearts be

satisfied and the dispersed minds be secured. Thus our honourablefriend, Br. Mahammad Salim transcripted these lessons. This particular lesson contained explanations only without any reference.Now that it is being published as a booklet, the need for adorning itwith references arose. The writer has noted the necessary references inthe footnotes so that if any suspicious mind may doubt, he may consultthe original books for confirmation. The great thinker of Islaam,Hadhrat Allamah Khalid Mahmood, in this lesson, has used the

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method of explaining and not of debate. I have done like-wise as far asfootnotes are concerned.

My thanks are due to the honourable Haji Niaz Muhammad of IdealPrinting Press, who handed over this manuscript to the press and todayanother educational service is in your hands.

The readers are requested to study this very carefully and to understandthe facts. By the Grace of Allaah, the record of the AhleSunnut-wal-Jama'ats school of thought is very clear, shining andunblemished. It is the duty of the literate persons to read this and afterunderstanding it themselves, to read it out to those who cannot read and

to repeat it often so that the school of thought may become clearer forthem and any black hearted and black dressed preacher may not be ableto entrap them. (Hafiz Muhammad Iqbal Rangooni - Manchester).

LESSON

This is about how the Jews, with national perversion, disbelieved in

Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) prophethood and

subsequently transformed the caliphate into an issue of differenceand a bone of contention.

Allaah the Almighty has said about Jews and "when the Book (NobleQur=aan)came to them from Allaah to confirm that which was alreadywith them." . When the Noble Quraan came, the Jews had their ownBook called the Taurat which was truly sent by Allaah Almighty and init was Allaah's enforced Shariah. The Noble Quraan had not come to

refute it. Therefore, when the Noble Quraan certified their Book inprinciple, the Jews should have accepted it and the Prophethood andRisaalaat of Rasool (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) also. But, they didnot do so. Instead they turned it into a bone of contention, opposed itand became perverted.

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THE REFUSAL OF PROPHETHOOD IN STUBBORNNESS:

As has been mentioned in the traditions and in the Ahaadeeth, beforeRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), the Jews used to pray forhelp to Allaah while in battles against infidels, with the intercession ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)."Ya Allaah! Grant us victory over our enemies via the blessings of the

last blessed prophet Hadhrat Ahmad (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) andthe Noble Quraan."

Earlier they used to declare openly that the last Prophet (sallAllaahu

alayhi wa sallam) was due to come in Arabia, and that he will appear onthe tops of Faran, and he shall proclaim upon his arrival that the lastprophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has come. The Jews gave widepublicity concerning the coming of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam). Then the Noble Quraan was revealed and it declared that itverified and certified the Taurat. Under these circumstances we wouldexpect the Jews to have believed in Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) whom they recognized and about whom they were boasting for

many years. It was their duty to confess, but instead they opposed andconfronted. They used to agree amongst themselves that he wasdefinitely the same Rasool (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), who had tocome, but they opposed what they knew for sure because they did notlike the truth. Therefore they remained stubborn.

PUBLICITY THAT THE DAYS OF THE LAST RASOOL

(SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA SALLAM) WERE NEAR:

Allaah says, earlier the Jews used to pray for their victory via theintercession and blessing of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).The help and victory is granted by Allaah and Allaah only, but ifsomething is requested for, from Allaah Almighty, with theintercession of closeness of Allaah, that prayer is often accepted. So tobeseech before Allaah, via intercession is lawful, provided the demand

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is genuine. The Jews used to put their requests before Allaah via theintercession of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). Had it beenprohibited to pray via intercession, Allaah would have definitely saidthat it was not proper on the part of Jews. If Allaah narrates anything oraction of anyone, without rebuttal, it means that it is lawful. Therequest should be made to Allaah, and there is nothing wrong if therequest is made through the intercession of a spiritual leader, Allaah=sloved ones and prophets.

Allaah SHOULD NOT BE USED AS INTERCESSION. IT IS

DISRESPECT:

What the people now call intercession is quite the reverse. They askfrom spiritual leaders with the intercession of Allaah and say "Give forthe sake of Allaah. Oh certain saint, give me via the intercession ofAllaah", meaning thereby that Allaah is being treated as an intercessorand the saint as Giver.

Requests should be put before Allan and the saint or the prophet shouldbe treated as the intercessor.

The proper way is that the prayer may be made to Allaah with thesubmission to gratify their desire by means of good acts and theblessings of certain saint. Allaah states that the Jews while going to the battlefields used to say openly, "Ya Allaah! Via the intercession andblessings of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) who is to appearduring the last times, who would come at the tops of Faran, grant usvictory". On one side they were so looking forward to the arrival ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that they used to pray to

Allaah treating him as intercessor. Yet when he appeared they opposedRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) due to their stubbornness.From this we come to know that Allaah is the sole authority to placeany one on the right path. It is not on the basis of 'knowing' alone. Toknow is 'knowledge'. Now, the Jews knew very well about the last prophet, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). Allaah states atanother place "that they recognised Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) as anyone recognises his sons." Just as there is no doubt in

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recognising one's sons similarly there was no doubt in their mindsregarding Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), but whenRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) appeared they becamestubborn. Stubbornness and refusal to accept the truth when it does notsuit you is such a dangerous disease that if forces one to refuse torecognise that which is already well known and well established. Onconclusion, Allaah says they had settled for a worst bargain. Theybrought up and nourished their stubbornness and destroyed their futurityafter life. This was the worst bargain that they bought their livesagainst a valid belief as they refused to accept who Allaah had sent,and this all was due to their stubbornness.

THE REASON OF STUBBORNNESS OF JEWS,PROPHETHOOD IN BANU ISRAEL.

The Jews, objection was that why Allaah blessed the Arabs and whythe Prophets had not come from Bani Israel. Bani Israel were one branch of offsprings of Hadhrat Ibrahim (AS) and Bani Ismail, theArabs, were also the other branch of offsprings of Hadhrat Ibrahim(AS). The Jews were infuriated as to why Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu

alayhi wa sallam) came in Bani Ismail? Due to this reason, they became enemies of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). Theydid not think that, who are they to distribute Allaah's blessings?"Allaah knows better as to whom he gives prophethood.@

GREATEST ENEMIES OF MUSLIMS:

Banu Israel are the biggest enemies of Muslims. Allaah Almighty has

one place, stated in the Noble Quraan. Oh, listeners! You will see thatthe most intense in enmity to believers are the Jews. So the biggestenemies are admittedly the Jews. The conspiracies made by Jewsagainst Muslims are part of our history. I was saying that 'faith'alighted on Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) conveyed the trust of Allaah to thenation after which, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) set outfor his last sojourn. Earlier, the Jews excepting that the tree shall not

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prosper because the Arabs in every movement and in each programmewere succeeded by their sons. The words of father are fulfilled by sonswhen they became adult, and victory was also obtained through sons.As there was no son of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), andRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had daughters only, theJews were expecting that immediately after the demise of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), the tree of Islaam shall automaticallyfall.

THE JEWS HOPE OF UPROOTING THE TREE OF ISLAAM

The Jews were hopeful, and they remained in anticipation. Inspite of

fully well knowing and recognising the last prophet - Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), refusing to believe and when Islaamshowered its full brilliances and Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) had declared the completion of 'faith', the Jews, hopefullythinking that in the absence of a son of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam), the matter would automatically end, but now wereperturbed to see, although Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)had no son, thousands of people were ready and on stand by to be

sacrificed for him. People in crowds were with Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) to deliver and to shoulder theresponsibility of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). You talkabout a son. One person has one son, the other two and another fourbut that responsibility cannot be completed with two / four sons, whichmay bring a revolution. The revolution came when not one butthousands of disciples were standing with Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam). A son cannot complete the responsibility of his

father to that extent, which the companions (RA) completed theresponsibility of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), against thehopes of Jews that the destruction of Muslims is going to be becausethere was no son of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).

DIVINE REPLY OF OBJECTION OF NON ISSUE OF

Rasulullaah (SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA SALLAM).

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Allaah Almighty said in the Noble Quraan in reply to Jews saying thatRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has no male issue, andprovided information "My beloved Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam), that who is your enemy, he shall be worst. His mission wouldnot continue. Your responsibility will continue." This word "worst",in Arabic "Abtar" deteriorating became "Aunter". So, Allaah said,"You enemy is worst". His race shall end. The race of Jews, who areyour Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) enemies, shall notcontinue. Your chain will continue, although you have no son, butyour hundreds of devotees shall be a stand-by for your responsibilityand shall bring revolutions all over the world. Inspite of having nomale issue, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was not at all

under any loss and Allaah Almighty provided thousands of disciples, but the Jews, who were enemies due to their stubbornness, AllaahAlmighty made them completely unsuccessful as Allaah had said toRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that the enemy would be'worst' and their race would not continue.

DESCENDANTS OF THREE CALIPHS PRESENT IN THE

WORLD

The Shiah community has been propagating that the first three caliphswere in fact against Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and theyhad tyrannically captured the government forcibly and as such they aretyrannys. You may ask them as to whether the descendants of HadhratAbu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu), Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu)and Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani (radhiyAllaahu anhu) are present or not?Those who are called Siddiqi, are descendants of Hadhrat Abu Bakr

Siddiq (radhiyAllaahu anhu), those called Farooqi are descendants ofHadhrat Umar Farooq (radhiyAllaahu anhu) and those who are called'Uthmaani' are descendants of Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani (radhiyAllaahuanhu). Who were Moulana Jawad Siddiq, Moulana Abdul ShakoorFarooqi and Moulana Shabbir Uthmaani? Presently, according to factsand figures, there are so many Siddiquies, Farooqies and Uthmaaniesscattered and residing all over the world. They have been told many atimes that the Quraan says: (Your enemy shall be worst) meaning that

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they will have no descendants.

Have you ever heard that the descendants of Abu Lahb is present in theworld? No, Quraan had declared that "your enemy would be worstand he will have no descendants". If Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddiq, UmarFarooq and Uthmaan Ghani (radhiyAllaahu anhum) were againstRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), as the Shias say, then whyhave they descendants, which spread over the areas where thedescendants of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) or HadhratAli (radhiyAllaahu anhu) spread. The number, you will hear, is inthousands and thousands, with whose names 'Siddiqui', 'Farooqi','Uthmaani' and 'Alyi' are attached. The Jews were under the impression

because Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had no son, hisresponsibility will fail, but they saw that his companions(radhiyAllaahu anhum) acted so wisely that at the time of his demise,his companions so swiftly marched forth that in few countable years theflag of Islaam was flying over Rome, Iran, Yemen, Egypt and Syria.This success, in actual fact, was the success of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). The flag, which was flying actuallybelonged to Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), and those who

were hoisting it were doing so as his servants and flag bearers. Thesuccess was of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).

THE JEWS CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE COMPANIONS (R.A)

TO CAUSE THEM TO FIGHT WITH EACH OTHER.

The Jews again conspired and this time the conspiracy was to cause thecompanions (R. A) of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) to

fight with each other and allege that Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddiq(radhiyAllaahu anhu), who became caliph after Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), had usurped caliphate forcibly and assuch he was not caliph, because Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) had nominated Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as caliph.Whenever, we ask them as to when did Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) nominate Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu), they say "on18th Dhul Hajj". In their authentic books of Hadeeth, it has been

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written whilst attributing it to Imam Baqir (RA) that when Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), after performing pilgrimage, undertookthe journey to Madinah, all companions left for their places andRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and the residents of Madinahhad to go to Madinah. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam),Hadhrat Abu Bakr, Hadhrat Umar, Hadhrat Uthmaan and Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhum), all of them, were residents of Madinah andwere also going to Madinah. On the way, a place came, which iscalled "Gadeer-I-Khum" (2), where the travellers stopped, as thetravellers stop somewhere for a brief rest. They were Bani (3).

THE DECLARATION ON THE BANK OF GADEER-I-KHUM

At the bank of this lake the pilgrim travellers stopped and Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) is supposed to have made a declaration,"whose moula I am, his moula is Ali". In Arabic "Moula" means'friend'. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "whose friendI am, his friend is Ali. Oh Allaah! Keep friendship with that personwho keeps friendship with Ali and be enemy to him, who keeps enmitywith Ali". What actually happened here was that a person quarreled

with Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu). Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) therefore explained to him and in order to teach everyoneelse by way of a lesson, said, "whose friend I am, his friend is Ali."This had no bearing at all with the caliphate or the administration or thegovernment. The Jews turned this into a basis of falsehood and saidthat Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had declared HadhratAli (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as his successor at 'Gadeer-I-Khum' and hadsaid, "See, Ali is my caliph" and keeping hand on his shoulder, said

"Whose moula I am, his moula is Ali ". The Shias worked extremelyhard on this and to prove the meaning of this hadeeth which theyrephrased and wrote books propagating that this contains the declarationof caliphate.

It is to be re-iterated with sorrow that the Shiah youth as well as thecommon public of the Shiah sect remember their history so well thatthey repeat it all the time and it is always on their tongues, whereas the

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Sunni public is totally unaware of their back ground even though itcontains the truth.

Sadly, even the elders who are asked about these incidents, do notremember. The result is that whenever a Shiah person narrates thisfabricated incident, the people run towards the Masjids to inform whatthey have heard. It is the duty of our youth to take interest in thesereligious matters and to keep in mind the basic historic information?There should not be so much ignorance about these incidents. Theresult of such ignorance is that whenever an opponent attacks, so many people are deprived of belief and faith and they join a deviatedcommunity.

POLITICAL SUCCESSION AFTER THE LAST PROPHET -

Rasulullaah (SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA SALLAM).

This matter is included in the "principle matters" of Shias. It is a basicmatter for them. When Deen was completed.? How was the issue ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) succession was decided?

How was the issue of caliphate decided? One fact is regularly repeatedso that it may be remembered is that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam), during his last moments, due to acute weakness because ofillness, had nominated Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) to leadthe prayers in Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) absence (4).Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) continued leading the prayersupto the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not nominated anyone

for political succession, but only for leading prayers. This gave anindication and hinted that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)nominated the best of Muslims to lead them in prayer, but it made nopolitical nomination. The reason was that the Ummah itself was leftwith the choice. Allaah Almighty had, however, informed Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), through Divine revelation, that theUmmah shall not be willing to choose any person, other than HadhratAbu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) (5). That is why Rasulullaah

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(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), on his own, had not taken any step.After the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam),Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) said, "Look, prayer (salaat) is thebasis of our Deen. For worldly direction, whom do we choose, for ourcountry whom do we choose and for government, whom do wechoose"?.After that Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) said that for ourworld we chose him whom Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)chose for our Deen (6). Prayer relates to Deen and caliphate dealswith administrative matters. So, Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu)said, "We, for our world, agreed on him, whom Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had agreed for our Deen, and thecompanions (radhiyAllaahu anhum) unanimously chose Hadhrat Abu

Bakr Siddiq (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as their caliph. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not appointed anyone as caliph. Thereason for this was that if Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)had appointed the caliph, no one would have had the courage to objectto any matter relating to his caliphate and his administration, if theappointment was made by Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) itwould seem as if they were questioning his wisdom. The intention ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was that if anyone had any

objection on any issue, the caliph could be questioned and obliged toanswer to the satisfaction of the questioner. You might have heardabout the famous incident about Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu).Once, while wearing a long shirt he was questioned thus "Everyone hasonly one Yamani sheet, so how did you get two, because this long shirtis made of cloth from more than one sheet." Hadhrat Umar(radhiyAllaahu anhu) pointed towards his son, Hadhrat Abdullah(radhiyAllaahu anhu), who explained that he had given the sheet

received by him to his father. Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu)therefore presented his defence. Why did the occasion arise fordefence? Because the appointment of caliph was made by the Ummahand the Ummah had taken the oath of allegiance and therefore had theright to question whom they had chosen. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) desired that the caliph should be answerable to theUmmah. If Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had appointedthe caliph, then the Ummah would not feel comfortable to question him.

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This was the far sighted philosophy, wisdom and intelligence ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). He left the Ummah in acondition that whoever becomes caliph, has to be answerable to theUmmah.

THE LAST PROPHET - Rasulullaah (SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA

SALLAM) DID NOT NOMINATE ANYONE FOR MATTERS OF

GOVERNMENT.

Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) did not nominate anyone forthe matters relating to government, but he nominated one for prayer, because it could not be delayed. Remember, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) had NOT appointed anyone for government, forcaliphate, for lordship, for chieftainship. The Jews fabricated a storythat Rasulullaah had appointed Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) asRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) successor atGadheer-I-Khum. This is false. The Shias propagate, with great

emphasis, that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) hadappointed his successor at Gadeer-I-Khum. Let us look at this from alogical point of view.

Commonsense demands that if Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) had to appoint and declare a successor, then the plains ofArafat was most suitable for it and not the bank of a pond where only13 people were present. When there is a huge congregation, an annual

congregation and Muslims from every area are present, then that waswhere the declaration should have been made and not at the bank of apond.

WHEN WAS THE VERSE OF COMPLETION OF DEEN

REVEALED?

Another bone of contention for the Shias is that our Deen was

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completed on the 9th of Zil Hajj. On this day, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) said, in the name of Allaah Almighty, that "ourDeen is complete". This means that henceforth, no verse can berevealed explaining any matter or principle relating to Deen. Shiashave a belief that after prophethood, Allaah Almighty has establishedthe chain of 'Imaamat' of the twelve Imams, who are appointed byAllaah Almighty, and who came turn by turn. They may be questionedabout whether this issue of Imaamat is a basic one and based on principle or an administrative one? For us, caliphate is anadministrative matter and not a Divine heavenly one. Muslims mayadopt any procedure for control and administration of the country. Theymay choose the ruler, choose the caliph, choose the head. This is an

administrative matter and not a Divine one. The Divine issues endedwith the end of prophethood. When Jibrael (A.S.) came on earth,brought the message of Allaah and said, "this is my last visit to earth(7). I am, after this, not to come to earth with any message@. For thisparticular purpose, he was not to come again. Yes, for bringing the blessing of Allaah, to come on Laila-tul-Qadr, to come during thenights of Ramadhaan, is a different matter. But, to descend with themessage of Almighty Allaah, this was his last descendance and none

was to come after it. The instructions / directions received from Allaah,are divine instructions. As far as government and caliphate isconcerned, these are administrative matters and not Divine ones.Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), in his capacity asRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), was standard bearer ofDivine instructions. As head of the state, administratively the worldlyaffairs were done under Divine Guidance.

After the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) therewas no need for further Divine instructions, as these were available inthe form of the Quraan and Sunnah. The matter remained ofadministration, for which the Shias themselves have proposed the 18thZil Haj (i.e. after pilgrimage). According to them, the caravan ofMuslims of Madinah was returning and on the way at Gadeer-I-Khum,the declaration was made. According to the statement of Imam Baqir,the date was 18 and they say that the Deen was completed with the

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caliphate, on the 18th. We, Ahle Sunnat Wal-Jamaat say that ourDeen was completed on the 9th. Almighty Allaah said on 9th Atoday Ihave completed your Deen@. So Deen was completed on 9th and if thematter of caliphate or government was a basic matter, it would havebeen done before the 9th and not related to Deen. They will not acceptthat it was a casual matter, which happened on the way and Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) made reconciliation between bothparties, with the words, "who is not friend of Ali, I am not his friend"(provided the hadeeth is true).

THE COUNTER ACTIVITY OF SHIAS:

The Shias have concocted (8) that this verse, " today I have completedyour Deen " was revealed twice. Once on the 9th and again on the18th. Some verses were revealed twice. "Surah Fateha" was revealedtwice. Shias say that this verse was revealed on the 9th and again onthe 18th. We say that in the word 'today' or Athis day@occurring in it,time is specified. When there is no time-limit or fixation of time in'Surah Fateha' who is the authority to do so. It may be said ten times or

twenty times, it is proper as no time limit is involved in it. So in averse in which time is not specified even if it is revealed ten times itdoes not matter. But in the verse in which time is specified, AllaahAlmighty completed Deen on the 9th and afterwards Allaah Almightysays, "completed on the 18th." In this case one of them will beincorrect, either the first or the second. Any news specifying 'time' canbe said once only. You have received a letter. You say you received iton Tuesday. After that you say that it was received by you on

Thursday. Would the listener pardon you? No!. An issue specifyingtime has no change. The statement 'I received a letter on Thursday'involves time. To then say that you received it on Friday would bewrong unless you negate your earlier statement. Both cannot be true. Inhuman terms a person may make an error and correct it later. To sayAllaah did such a thing is outrageous. If Allaah Almighty says ATodayI have completed Deen@ and the date was the 9 th, how is it possible thatAllaah may say again on the 18th, A no, I have completed it today@.

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Either the first statement shall be incorrect or the later one. The Shiashave laid their claim on the allegation that the appointment of HadhratAli (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was made at Gadeer-I-Khum and it was said,"Ali shall be my successor after me.@

WHY DID HADHRAT ALI (RADHIYAllaahU ANHU) HIMSELFNOT SAY SO?

A question of great importance arises that when Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) passed away, why did Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) himself not say that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) had appointed him caliph or that Allaah had

appointed him Imam. He used to offer prayers under the leadership ofHadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) and during the caliphate period ofHadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) under his leadership, and after thatand during the caliphate of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahu anhu), healways co-operated and never claimed to be the successor and caliph ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). Take note that Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) does not declare this calim. Yet these people saythat he was appointed as caliph. The claimant is silent, he says nothing,

but the witness is so active that he is saying time and again thatRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had appointed Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) as his caliph. This does not appeal to wisdom andintelligence. Had Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) or Allaahappointed Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as caliph, he could have atleast once, in his life, declared that he was Allaah's appointee. Heused to offer prayers under the leadership of all the three caliphs (9) andfully co-operated with them, but these people deny this saying that

Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had appointed Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) as caliph and his caliphate is lawful and justified.Some allege that he was afraid to do so. This argument degrades thestatus of so brave a soldier of Islaam as Hadhrat Ali(R.A.)

ONE MORE OCCASION FOR PROPOSING CALIPHATE:

The Shias made up another story. They claim that when the Beloved

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Prophet (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) came to Madinah afterGadeer-I-Khum, he fell ill, and requested them to bring a pen and paperto write something-"you bring a pen and paper for me, so that I maywrite something for you and you will not go astray after me". it was anarrative that the Beloved Prophet (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) hadasked for a pen and a paper in his last moments. In fact, the BelovedProphet (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had intended to bequeath threethings, which are all mentioned in the hadeeth. The first thingRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had intended to inform thecompanions (radhiyAllaahu anhum) was to permit foreign deputationsto come and to provide an opportunity for them to talk on internationalmatters. After my death, the ambassadors of foreign countries,

representatives of foreign countries will come to you. So keep andmaintain international relations with them. You should grant thempermission to come, as I was doing (10). Islaam does not want you tostagnate - to stay at one place only. No. Islaam says that you shouldspread over the earth as much as you can so that the voice of Allaahmay spread over the wide land. This was the first advice. The secondadvice was not to depend on the Jews and that the whole island ofArabia should be evacuated of Jews. This was the order of Rasulullaah

(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) for at the time of his demise, the Jewswere living even in Madinah. They were evacuated by Hadhrat Umar(radhiyAllaahu anhu) during his period of caliphate, saying that AmyMaster (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had bequeathed that the infidelsand Jews should not live here.@ (11). All Jews, who were living inMadinah, were asked to pack their bags and baggage and were assuredto be given full compensation for what they left behind. Islaam doesnot educate to oppress or to take possession of belongings of others.

What could not be taken was compensated for. The Jews left fromKhyber and they were compensated for each and every thing.

These were the advises of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).To entertain the foreign deputations and not to send them back and thesecond advice was to evacuate the Jews from the Island of the Arabs.The third advice was Not to worship his grave - as the people comingwith love and affection may do. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa

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sallam), who spent his whole life in propagating Tauheed and theOneness of Allaah, stated that his grave may not be worshipped for the purpose of prayer (12). These were three matters about which bequeath was made. In some narratives, the bequeath was for thesecond matter, i.e. about the evacuation of the Jews.

THE SHIAS REFUSAL TO ACCEPT THIS BEQUEATH:

The Shias do not except all this and say that the purpose of requestingpen and paper was to dictate Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu's) caliphate. If,the purpose was to dictate Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu's) caliphate, thenthey should at least admit that there was no declaration made at

Gadeer-I-Khum concerning caliphate, due to which now the necessityof bequeath arose. If declaration had been made there in the presenceof 13 people, then there was no need of bequeath here. If Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had to bequeath here, no declaration wasmade there. If declaration was made there, then there was no bequeathhere and this was not the bequeath of caliphate, but for some othermatter. But, these Shiah ayatullahs are strange people, who on one sidesay that declaration was made at Gadeer-I-Khum and at the same time

claim that Rasulullaah was requesting for pen and paper to nominate thecaliph.

WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY IS IT TO WRITE?

The matter of Apen and paper@ is called Hadeeth-I-Qirtas. For mostof the people, this has become a very sensitive matter. Whenever theShiahs have to propagate concerning this belief , they quote this

incident of the Apen and paper.@ Then people come to us to enquireabout it, saying Awhy was pen and paper requested@. Now pleasethink over this carefully.....

In governmental affairs, who is usually responsible to write? At thestate level, someone acts as Chief secretary, so on whose shouldersdoes the responsibility of writing lie? The responsibility lies with thechief secretary.

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If Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had asked for pen andpaper, then who was responsible to provide these things? The answer isthe Chief Secretary. The Muslims, especially the young ones, shouldknow as to who the Chief Secretary of Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) was. In the Writing Department, the Chief Secretary wasHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) . Because it was the habit of theArabs that the father's open declarations were seconded by sons. So,Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was the Secretary for Rasulullaah(SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) , as he was a member of Banu HashimFamily and his (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) real cousin. At the timeof the Treaty of Hudaibia, Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)

was the Head and Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was his(SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) Secretary. Who had written the treaty?Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was in charge of the WritingDepartment and related matters, (i.e. pen, paper, etc.). The ChiefSecretary to Hadhrat Abu Bakr was Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahuanhu) and after that Hadhrat Umar had kept Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahuanhu) as his Chief Secretary, so it was not possible that Rasulullaah(SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had nominated Hadhrat Ali

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) as Caliph and Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahuanhu) had forcibly taken possession of a government portfolio. Is itlogical, for him whose right is forfeited, to be appointed and officiate?Moreover, on many occasions, when Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahuanhu) went out, he appointed Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) to actas his successor. From this, it is clear that neither was Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) aware that it was his right, nor was this in themind of Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu). The Secretary of

Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) . Secretary of Hadhrat Siddiq-e-Akbar wasHadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahu anhu), and Secretary of HadhratUmar was again Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu). So, when HadhratAli (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was Secretary of Rasulullaah (SallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) and when Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)had requested the pen and paper, who was responsible to provide thesethings?

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Definitely, Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) , the Chief Secretary. TheShias propagate that the pen and paper were not provided to Rasulullaah(SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) . We tell them that it was theresponsibility of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu). Why then did theynot hold him responsible for it? The answer is simple.

ONE MORE NARRATION WITH REGARD TO THE REQUESTFOR PEN AND PAPER:

Imam Jafar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) narrates that Hadhrat Ali said,"Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had ordered me to come to

him with paper so that he Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)might write something thereon, but I did not do so, as I was afraid thathe (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) might not take his (SallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) last breath in my absence and as such I did not go tobring the pen and paper". (13). Who said these words? Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) had clearly said it, but the Shias say no, thedecision of caliphate had to be written out, which was to be given toHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) . We ask them as to how they came

to believe that the decision with regard to caliphate was to be written?And if it was to be written out, then they should at least admit that therewas no declaration made at Gadeer-I-Khum. Furthermore, Who wasresponsible for it? Another point follows....

After this incident, Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)remained alive for two more days. The question arises as to whyRasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not made the request

again? If he (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was divinely deputed tonominate a successor, why had he (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) notagain said: "Bring pen and paper".

This proves that it is a concocted story that Rasulullaah (SallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) had to nominate or had previously nominated hissuccessor.

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PROOF FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF Rasulullaah

(SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA SALLAM) :

One more thing you should remember is that at the time of thisobjection the Shias usually say that it was the tradition of Rasulullaah(SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that whenever Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) went out for a few days (two/four days) - fromMadinah to Makkah or any other place, he used to nominate hissuccessor. They raise the question that when he went on his lastunreturnable journey, why did Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) not nominate his successor? When Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) went on the biggest and greatest journey, he should

have had appointed the successor with great diligence. But,Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) did not do so. The answerto this is simple. The reason is that whenever Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) went out for a short period, during his lifetime, heknew that he had to come back and if anything wrong had been done,he would set the matter right. When Rasulullaah was sure that hewould get the things set right after his return, he used to appoint asuccessor in his absence, for one or two days. There was no fear that if

the successor did anything what would happen? Because, Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was coming back.For the final journey after which there is no return, how is it possiblethat Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) may nominate asuccessor? For the reason that if he appoints a successor who maybehave erroneously on an issue it would impose or destroy the rights ofmany because of their fear to question it.

AN INCIDENT OF APPOINTING AN AMEER

Rasulullaah (SallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) once appointed an Ameer.The Ameer went out with the caravan and upon reaching a jungle, hesaid to his companions (radhiyAllaahu anhum), "Look, I am yourAmeer and Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has said, "whoobeyed my Ameer, he obeyed me, and he who obeyed me, obeyedAllaah". After narrating this hadeeth, he said, "Look I am your

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Ameer". They replied that there was no doubt. Then the Ameerordered them to cut the wood from the trees. All the companions(radhiyAllaahu anhum) cut the wood. Then he instructed them furtherthat after keeping them in proper order, put grass on them and set fireto the grass and wood. When the fire blazed and the flames went high,the Ameer again said, "I am your Ameer appointed by Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), now I order you to jump into the fire".What was the result of jumping into the fire? It was death. Some of thecompanions (radhiyAllaahu anhum) pondered that they believedRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) for saving themselves fromfire but inspite of it, here was an order to enter the fire. They decidedto enquire from Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). So they

came to Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and explained thewhole situation. Then Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) said,"had you been entered into the fire, you could have never come out ofit. You have done well in asking from me. if the Ameer, myappointee, says the same things which are proven from my hadeeth,then it is valid and if he speaks against it, then you should not obeyhim.@ Appointing someone as an Ameer is like making someone anImaam in salaat. If the Imaam (leader of the prayer) makes a mistake

while leading the prayer,the followers should correct him. So, if theAmeer commits a mistake, correct him." And said, "had you beenentered into fire, you could have never come out, and as a result yourplace would have been in Hell forever (14).

AMEER IS NOT TOTALLY INNOCENT

This brings another important point to light. Any Ameer, even the one

appointed by the Prophet, is not under the shadow of innocence. He is NOT innocent. Innocent ones are ONLY the prophets. As such, theAmeers sayings shall be examined in the light of the sayings of theprophet. When enquiry was made from Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam), he said, "Your jumping into the fire should have beenwrong". If the Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had nominatedany caliph, and after his demise, if the caliph is questioned inconnection with any of his actions, he might say that he is Rasulullaah

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(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam's) appointee and therefore he should befollowed. This was the foresighted wisdom and philosophy ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) displayed in not appointing asuccessor after him.

The beauty of this wisdom was further illustrated when Hadhrat AbuBakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was made Imam of prayer. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) did not instruct him directly to lead the prayers. No! He asked the Muslims to ask Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahuanhu) to lead the prayers. It was a hint that even tomorrow, decisionsare to be taken by yourselves. Indication was being given to them thatthey may ask him to lead the prayers and then when he would be the

appointee of theirs, tomorrow they will be able to make correctdecisions.

THE CALIPH IN ISLAAM IS NOT DIVINELY APPOINTED

Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not nominated hissuccessor. All the beliefs of Shias depend on the belief that Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) was divinely nominated. One thing must be

remembered that if he was nominated, why had Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) not claimed and declared that he was thenominee. It is said that he had done so under fear. It is not sufficient tosay that Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) had not made a declaration.Not only had he (radhiyAllaahu anhu) not made a declaration of hiscaliphate, but he had , time and again recognized all the threecaliphates and even offered prayers under their leadership. Furthermorehe had not declared, even once, that he was the appointee of Rasulullaah

(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam).

The reason was the fact that this is all part of the conspiracy of theJews. Jews were not in favour of Muslim unity. They were bent uponsewing dissension among Muslims and it was their need and necessity.Abdullah bin Saba had joined the Muslims under pretext of need andnecessity. He started propaganda against Hadhrat Uthmaan(radhiyAllaahu anhu) "As in Indo-Pak sub continent, Hari Chand son

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of Dew Chand, Caste Khatri, resident of Alipur Chattha, DistrictGujranwalla had joined Muslims under some need and necessity, andstarted allegations of opposing hadeeth against Hadhrat Imaam AbuHanifa (RA)". Following Ibne Saba, a fully fledged movement iscontinuously running on the same lines, following Hari Chand whowas running against Hadhrat Imaam Abu Hanifa (RA). However,Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) during his era of caliphate, burnedIbne Saba alive (15).

Muslims should know that after Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam), the system of government of Muslims, should be to form agovernment and to run an administration, and it will not be a

law-making body which seeks guidance from anywhere else or add tothe Deen.

HOW TO FORM A GOVERNMENT IN ISLAAM:

As to how the government should be formed, Allaah Almighty hadinformed us how to decide on the matters of Muslims and how toconstruct the system of government i.e. in consultation with each other.

If bodies are appointed, it is called "Mansoons". If they are notappointed, then these are "Elected" in consultation. There are only twosystems by which a government can be formed in Islaam. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had set an example of this during hislifetime. During his last days Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)had sent an expedition towards Ghazwa Hota and said, "I am sendingthis expedition and the head of the Muslims would be Zaid. If Zaid ismartyred, the head would be Jafar (brother of Hadhrat Ali

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) and if Jafar is martyred then Abdullah binRawaha would be the Head or Ameer. I have appointed three Ameersfor this expedition. Zaid bin Harsa, Jafar bin Abu Talib and Abdullahbin Rawah (radhiyAllaahu anhu). Rasulullaah then sent the expedition.Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was in Masjid-I-Nabawi,perplexed and informed the companions (radhiyAllaahu anhum) withtears in eyes, that Zaid had been martyred and then he informed themthat Jafar is also martyred and then he informed them about the

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martyrdom of Abdullah. Three commanders were nominated byRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and all three had beenmartyred. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), after revelationfrom Allaah, informed about the circumstances, thereafter stated thatKhalid bin Walid had taken the command into his hands, and about thevictory of the Muslims through his command. Khalid was in fourth position, before the martyrdom of the first three commanders. (16).From this, two things came to light. Firstly, Rasulullaah nominatedthree, we came to know that in Islaam one method is nomination and ifthis is not the case, then one should elect someone in consultation witheach other. From this we learn about the two methods. One isnomination and the other consultation.

METHOD OF ARRIVING AT A DECISION AMONGST

MUSLIMS.

The students of history may themselves decide from any Islaamicsource of knowledge, whether from the Noble Quraan, from theAhaadeeth, from any other strong method or source if Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had nominated anyone by name as his

successor. In the Noble Quraan Allaah Almighty had promised theMuslims of the era of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that hewould grant them caliphate with strong possession of land and wouldreplace their 'fears' with 'peace'. On the other hand, has Allaah Almightyanywhere said that after Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), hisfirst caliph would be Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu)?

THE GATHERING AT SAQEEFA BANI SA'ADAH:

In Saqeefa Bani Sa'adah, when the Ansaar intended to appoint a caliphfrom among themselves, had anybody raised the matter that it wasincorrect to make a decision when Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) has already appointed Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) ascaliph? Laters, when a few migrated companions (radhiyAllaahuanhum) reached there and said that the caliph should be from among themuhaajireen (migratees) and the Ansars kept silent, nobody stood up

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and said that none from the new comers should be the caliph becauseRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had already given thecaliphate to Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu). If this was true. Thiswould have been the best place to say so. Even at this goldenopportunity, no one did so.

With these facts a researching student is forced to come to the correctconclusion that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had notnominated his successor.The Islaamic system of government is the system of Shura(consultation). The issue of appointing Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahuanhu) at Gadeer-I-Khum is no more than a fabrication. The wish

concerning the bequeath of his caliphate also shows that no declarationwith regard to anybody's caliphate was made at the bank of the pond atKhum.

If no document, as a result of research, is available with regard toHadhrat Ali's (radhiyAllaahu anhu) caliphate and when any injunctionconcerning appointment of caliph is also not available in the NobleQuraan, which is also not on the subject of caliphate and the

authenticity of hadeeth-e-Qirtas( i.e. also weak) where Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was to appoint Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) as caliph, is only presumtion and conjecture. Inthe light of these facts, the claim concerning nomination of Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) as caliph, holds no weight at all.

Furthermore Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) himself is not a claimantof caliphate. In fact his open acceptance of all the three caliphates,

offering of regular prayers under their leadership and his congenialrelationship with all these three caliphs and his friendly participationregarding the opinion of these three caliphs concerning religious as wellas other matters, prove that the claim of his nomination is absurd andhas no weight whatsoever.

THE WAY TO FOLLOW IS GAZWA MOTA:

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In Gaswah Mota, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) hasshowed both ways:-If the nominated is present, he would be the head and if there is nonominee, then selection would be made with consultation. The threewere appointees and after them the turn of Khalid bin Waleed came.Allaah Almighty granted victory and showed the scenario viarevelation. Revelation (Kashf) means, "removing veil from in between". As the miracles of a prophet are truth, the revelation hereceives is also always true. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)provided full information concerning the incidents transpiring there andthis was on the basis of revelation (Kashf).It is therefore clear that if an Ameer is to be appointed for any role,

what should be done first and if there is no nominee, then there wouldbe consultation with Shura. When Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) passed away, there was no nomination concerning anybody.No order was given concerning anyone and when there was no mandateconcerning anyone, then only one course is left, the method ofShura( i.e. to decide in consultation with each other.)

HOW THE GOVERNMENT WAS FORMED AFTER Rasulullaah

(SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA SALLAM):

After Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), the companions(radhiyAllaahu anhum), in consultation with each other, electedHadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) as Ameer. Since Hadhrat AbuBakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was elected through consultation, ittranspires that caliphate is merely an administrative matter and not aDivine one. The caliph would neither be a direct appointee of Allaah

nor of the Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). This is merely anadministrative issue. Any administrative matter is not included in'Fundamentals of Deen'.

The basic issues are called 'Fundamentals'. Then comes the applicationto show the methods of working. How to act upon the requirements ofbeliefs of these essentials. According to the belief of Ahle Sunnit WalJamaat, the administration of a country or caliphate or Head of State

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are administrative issues, which are among 'Branches' and not includedin 'Fundamentals'. The principles of Deen are only those which werecompleted on the 9th. When Almighty Allaah said, "Today, I havecompleted your Deen," it means that all principles had been formulatedand completed on that day, and no issue of principle has been left out.Therefore what came after this, are from the 'Branches' - it wouldrelate to 'application' - 'working' and 'administrative'. The caliph is anadministrator. If decisions have to be taken for caliphates, they areadministrative issues. The appointment of Qazis for courts is anadministrative issue. The appointment of a leader (Imam) for prayers isthe administrative issue. All such matters shall fall in this category i.e.'Branches'. However, there will be no basic matter of principle for

decision after 9th (i.e. after the revelation of the verse "Today I havecompleted your deen". The difference between Shias and Ahle Sunnaton the subject of caliphate is a matter of valid application Islaam Law asto who should be appointed successor of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam)?

THE METHOD OF APPOINTING A SUCCESSOR:

The answer to the above according to the Ahle Sunnat, is not a matter

of principle or basics but an administrative one. Shias consider it amatter of principle. The second difference is that the Ahle Sunnat saythat Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) made no nomination,while the Shias say Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was nominated.Now the question arises, as to who had appointed Hadhrat Abu Bakr(radhiyAllaahu anhu) from those who were engaged in a meeting tochoose a caliph.

To understand this question, know how many classes of people therewere at Madinah amongst the Arabs at the demise of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). There were two major classes.Migratees and Ansars. Ansars, the residents of Madinah, were verygentle and pious people. It occured to them that Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was from among the migratees and hadmigrated from Makkah to Madinah. They had no choice in this matteras it was an issue relating to Allaah, who had selected him. Moreover

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Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was from among themigratees and this also was not their choice. Now the caliph should befrom among them as successor.

The burial of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not yettaken place, when a meeting was held at the residence of Sa'ad binIbadah.

Know that the new head of state is always appointed before the burial ofthe first. This is so because in case of any kind of emergency, a head ofstate should be present.

This is the rule in western countries as well. In Britain, when the headof state, King or Queen dies, the crown is put near the head of the deadbody and it remains there until the new one is selected, who puts it onhis / her head, after which the burial of the dead body takes place. Thecompanions were fully aware of their responsibilities. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had passed away at such a time that ifQaisar-I-Rome or any other foreign power attacked, there had to besomeone among the Muslims who would be responsible to defend.

Therefore the election had to be made before the burial of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). This was a matter of politics, wisdomand a necessary requirement of the time, The Shias however, haveresorted to emotional excitement as their means of achieving credibilityby claiming that the Sahabah (radhiyAllaahu anhum) were desirous ofthe world and were deciding caliphate while the burial of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had not yet taken place.

They narrate it before people in such a frightful and emotional way thatit arouses much sympathy especially of those whose heart rules theirheads. With this tool of focussing on the emotional side of things, they bury the strenghth of the illustrious Sahaabh(R.A.). For indeed tocontrol your love for someone with whom you spent your life with andin fact sacrificed your luxuries for, requires discipline foresight andcourage.

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Imagine if someone burgles into a home and kills one=s wife orhusband. Would it be wise for the surviving spouse to start wailing andmourning immediately, or to maintain silence and to assist in the safetyof the other members of the family first. Should a spouse who savedhis/her family because he was emotionally disciplined be rewarded asunfeeling towards them? Shaitaan has always used the misplacement ofpriorities to conquer peoples lives. This is why we have many so calledreligious people paying much more heed to death and birth ceremonies,where they cry over the past and waste their time and energy in suchpersuits while the main work of Deen gets left behind.Furthermore a head of state is not buried unless the new one is elected

or selected. Certain laws are universal because they are so obviouslycommon sense. History of all the huge countries read the same thing.The companions were so well trained in politics that they, before theburial of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), decided to selectan Ameer.

So beware that you also do not get caught in the trap of those who liveoff your emotions. Whenever Shias convene meetings in Muharram in

commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (radhiyAllaahuanhu), they instigate the crowds emotionally saying that decisions werebeing taken before burial. People of weak belief become impressed dueto this. One Zakir (speaker) cries out bitterly "The dead body ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was lying in Madinah whilsta decision was being made about the throne of caliphate. What wouldthe sacrifices of such caliphates be?@ This is when the Sunni youngsterwho is unaware of his own history, starts asking what actually had

happened? Books have been written on every topic and are availableeverywhere. If one had some love for one's belief, then one will not beaffected by emotional statements such as "Say, what sacrifices of suchcaliphates, who were making decisions of the throne of caliphate whilstthe blessed body lay.@ They will learn to get hard facts and wisdom ofsuch actions.

The fact remains there that the companions were correct in electing the

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successor first.

Some of the Ansars did claim that the successor should be from amongthemselves as they belonged to Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam), but they overlooked who were most respectable among theArabs? Amongst the Arabs, the most respectable people were theQuraish. Moreso they were the Trustees of the Kabah. Such was thefear of the dacoits and thieves for them in Arabia that when theyundertook journeys whether in the seasons of summer or winter nodacoit had ever attacked their caravans.

THE RESPECT AND INFLUENCE OF QURAISH OVER THE

WHOLE OF ARABIA.

Allaah Almighty has mentioned two journeys of the Quraish in the Noble Quraan. A journey in the winter season. A journey in thesummer season. The Quraish were motivated in these two journeys andtheir trading caravans used to go towards Yeman and Syria. No dacoithad the courage to attack the caravan. Allaah Almighty said in the Noble Quraan, "Oh Quraish, remember the beneficence of Allaah,

when Allaah gave you honour when any other trade caravan was not sosafe in journeys, as yours, and as such what should you to do?Remember your Rabb (Allaah).@

The Quraish therefore worshipped their Rabb who kept them in peaceduring these two journeys. These Quraish worshipped their Rabb withmore eagerness. Whom did they worship? That Rabb who gave themfood at that time when Arab Nations used to sleep hungry, Allaah

Almighty had given them honour. This was that period, when everytrade caravan had been under fear that dacoits might loot them. But,Allaah Almighty gave peace to the Quraish. This tribe and familyamongst the Arabs had more awe and influence over any other.

CALIPH SHOULD BE FROM QURAISH:

The object is that if the head of the Muslims is from that nation who is

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the trustee of the Kabah, all nations shall surrender and shall not raiseheads or objections before them. The Ansars were also good people.They were very gentle - they had helped Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) and the Companions (radhiyAllaahu anhum). Thereis no doubt at all in it, but there was no person of such respect amongstthem to whom all the people of Arabia might surrender before.Therefore to make a decision concerning the election of the caliph,they gathered in the house of Sa'ad bin Ibadah under a thatched roof.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE MUHAAJIREEN WHOM THE

SHIAHS CURSE REGULARLY.

One must be informed that those who gathered, were Ansars. Wherewere the two migratees at that time? Those migratees, who had comefrom Makkah, were in Masjid-e-Nabawi. The blessed body ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was also there and allmigratees were sitting there, whose greatest wealth, the most precious,had gone away from the world. All the migratees, in grief, weresitting there as their master, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam)had set out for the last journey. While they were sitting there, the

Ansars were thinking as to how Madinah was to be protected frominvaders. Both parties cannot be insulted for their actions. Rememberthis. The Ansaar were wise to worry about the protection of Madinah.We do not and no one should ever curse them for this.

Nauman bin Bashir (R.A), who was a companion of Rasulullaah andalso from Ansars, went to Masjid-I-Nabawi and informed them that ameeting was being held there. The Muhaajireen who were sitting there

were in the hundreds. When they came to know about that meeting,with a view to helping in the decision process, three persons stood up,Hadhrat Abu Obaidah bin Jarah, Hadhrat Umar and Hadhrat Abu Bakr(radhiyAllaahu anhum). All three stood up and went to join the meetingof the Ansars. The Ansars were saying that the caliph should be fromamong them, when these three migratees reached. Hadhrat Abu Bakr(radhiyAllaahu anhu) upon reaching there narrated the hadeeth whereRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had said Athat caliphs shall

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be chosen from the Quraish,@ who were Trustees of the Kabah.

This was the saying of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) andthis was the hadeeth of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) .What was the reaction of the Ansaar. They were very gentle and pious people. They recollected and confirmed the hadeeth, that the caliphsshould be from among migratees and the ministers from the Ansars.There was total agreement in principle on the subject of caliphate.When they agreed, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) stood upand proposed the name of Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) sayingthat he was a very intelligent person fully capable of fulfilling theresponsibilities of caliphate. Then Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu)

stood up and said that the Quraan had spoken in favour of Abu Bakr(radhiyAllaahu anhu) "Sani Asnain", those two were in the cave. Heasked, "in that cave was I or you with Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) to whom Allaah Almighty refers as being with Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), "Sani Asnain", is that you or I"? Thiswas a clear verse of Quraan and it was known to all the Muslims that itreferred to Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu). What was hisreaction? Hadhrat Abu Bakr remained silent and Hadhrat Umar

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) caught the hand of Hadhrat Abu Bakr and raisingit up he said "First of all, I take the oath of allegiance". Then all ofthem also took the oath of allegiance and then proceeded to the Masjidwhere the migratees took the oath of allegiance.

Now any reasonable person may question?. History interrogates as towhether the choice of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) wasdone from those of his own camp or by the others. What was the

question at that time?. The question was should the caliph, thesuccessor of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) be from amongthe migratees or the Ansars? Now had there been any declaration atGadeer-I-Khum in favour of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu),someone from the crowd, would or could have stated that why is therea decision being taken when that decision had already been stipulatedby Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) himself. When amongthe Ansars, the name of Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was

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proposed, it was apparently the defeat of the Ansars, as it was againsttheir wish and against their programme. At that time, the Ansars couldhave said that if theirs was not nominated, Hadhrat Umar (R.A) mightalso be dropped. They could have said that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) had already made a declaration in favour of HadhratAli (radhiyAllaahu anhu) and as such he should be the Caliph. But,they did not take the name of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu). Infact, the story of so called nomination and declaration in favour ofHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was concocted later on. Had therebeen any minute truth regarding this declaration - any small ray of truth,then yet another occasion had presented itself for someone to speak out.When Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was elected as caliph,

he took the oath thereafter from Migratees in Masjid-I-Nabawi.

THE BURIAL OF RASULULLAAH (SALLAllaahU ALAYHI WA

SALLAM):

When the declaration with regard to caliphate had been done, thenRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was buried. WhenRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was buried, Hadhrat Ali

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) was not under any pressure at all to speak out. Inthe room (the room of the respectable mother of Muslims), where thebody of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was laid what didHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) do? Standing at the door of the roomhe said, "O people! In his life time as well as after death, Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was our Imam (17) and as such therewould be no Imam in the funeral prayer (18).

His funeral prayer would be only salutation. People might come ingroups of ten each, turn by turn, look at the holy face, and afteroffering salutation, should leave and so should this process continue(19). This process continued for three consecutive days and the peoplecontinued coming, offering salutation and returning in groups of teneach. The funeral prayer of a prophet was not offered like that ofothers. On the dead bodies of people, other than prophets, the Imam prays, "O Allaah! Forgive his sins for the present, absent, man -

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women". While the Imam prays for those brought there, for theirforgiveness, who can say before the blessed body of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that he may be forgiven for his sins, forhe himself has to intercede in connection with the sins of others and heis the the greatest hope of sinners. Therefore the funeral prayercomprised only of offering salutation and then leaving. History recordsthat people continued to come and go and salutation continued to beoffered. (20)

All migratees and Ansars offered the funeral prayer (salutations).Things were sad but peaceful. Then, as it remains upto the present day,whenever there is a sign of peace, the mischief mongers will not rest.

Peace is disaster for them. Therefore, upon the instigation of Abdullahbin Sabah, they claimed that the three caliphs did not offer funeralprayer, as they had gone to Saqeefa Bani Sa'ada to make the decisionconcerning caliphate. They vigouresly assert that Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) had offered the funeral prayer; and question as tothe presence of the other caliphs?" Once this question was put to mealso. I replied by asking the following:-

In which row of the funeral prayer of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) was Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) and whether he wasstanding on the right side or left side? Then they, who speak withoutproof get nervous and want to know why I ask this question. I said, "Iwant to inform you where he was standing. He stood on the rightside.". Then they confidently argue that it was not known as to whereHadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was standing. Then I ask them,@If itwas not known to you where one single person was standing, then how

can you be sure, amidst hundreds of companions, about who offeredand who did not offer the funeral prayer@. Questions like these arevery superfluous and as such their answer should also be similar.To suspect that the Sahabah had not cared about the burial ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) is not correct and proper.Not at all!

Another point worth learning at this stage, is the directive to bury the

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dead body as soon as possible. This is because for ordinary people, it isfeared that the dead body may start rotting. As long as it is alive, itremains in tact for years together, but when dead, the body rots andstarts to gangrene and to give disagreeable smells. Therefore the orderis to bury quickly. Regarding the body of a prophet, we have beengiven surety that it does not rot. It is our faith and belief that the bodyof Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) even today is as fresh asit was at the time of burial. Immediately after the death of a person,the body is usually fresh, but after half an hour or fifteen / twentyminutes, it begins to shrink and to cool down and after an hour itstiffens. So as long as the freshness remains, the body remains underthe influence and effect of the soul. When the soul departs, its effects

remain for some time and the body remains fresh after which it starts tostiffen. With regard to the blessed body of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam), the scholars say that it is as soft as it was in thisworld. The period of more than fourteen hundred years has passed, butthe blessed body of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) is notsuch that after departing soul, it may stiffen or become stone. It is stillfresh like a flower, as it was at that time.

It has been written in "Hidaya" that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) is as fresh as he was at the time of burial (21). The changes oftimes have not affected him at all and the effects of soul are still presenton it. Now, when with regard to Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam) surety was available that it would not be rotten, then if thecompanions had not buried the blessed body for three days and thosewho had to offer salutation continued coming and going back for threedays, the companions were in no way guilty. But those who have to

raise objections against the companions, they in enmity repeatedlyremark about the burial after three days.

When there is surety, the normal rules or procedures are not necessaryto be followed. For instance, it was the habit of Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) that whenever he used to go out, two /four companions accompanied him as body guards. Lest anybody mayattack. Allaah Almighty sent a verse in the Noble Quraan (O

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Messenger of Allaah, Allaah would save you from the hands of those people and their unclean hands would not touch your body).Immediately after the descent of this verse, Rasulullaah (sallAllaahualayhi wa sallam) said that he would no longer require any bodyguardas AMy Allaah has given me surety". (22). After that Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) used to go alone to places where the bravest people were frightened to go. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhiwa sallam) used to go alone on the back of a horse, as Allaah had givensurety. When there is surety from Allaah, accordingly thecircumstances change. There was surety on behalf of Allaah that theholy body would not rot. You know that if a person does not take abath in the season of summer, after two or three days, the perspiration

give a bad smell. It is a natural phenomen that the heat of body and itsinner conditions produce perspiration and later smell bad. The food ofRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) was the same as that of otherMuslims and Companions, but his perspiration always smelt ofperfume. This was due to the special conditions of the holy body thathis perspiration was perfume. (23). If the companions had not buriedfor him for three days, it was so due to the surety given in this regard .

Coming back to the election of a caliph, please be informed that in caseof the death of the head of a state, unless his successor is appointed,the crown remains near the head of the dead body and unless it is notput on any other's head, the burial does not take place. The story whichthe Shias concocted about the nomination of Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) was there. The meeting at Saqeefa Bani Sa'ada,in which Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was elected nullifiedall their plotting and they were thus angered. The Ansars were on one

side and these people were on the other side and a good deal ofdiscussion took place. Why was no voice raised here that Hadhrat Ali(radhiyAllaahu anhu) had already been appointed as caliph? AfterHadhrat Uthmaan, Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhum) was appointedas caliph, he used to say that he was fourth.

If Hadhrat Ali(R.A.) was afraid to say as he pleased during the previouscaliphates then why did he not proclaim any injustice done to him even

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after he was in power and after those whom the Shias regularly curse,had passed on. Why was it difficult for him to say that he was the firstcaliph. Instead, he repeatedly ragarded himself as the fourth caliph.

Furthermore, he continuously reaffirmed that his caliphate was based ontheir caliphate. In a letter, he wrote, (23).

AThose, who had nominated Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiyAllaahu anhu),after that Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu) and then after themHadhrat Uthmaan (R.A) as caliphs, have also nominated me as caliphand on the same terms and conditions as for all of them.@ This leavesno option for anybody to adopt any other course. Hadhrat Ali

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) himself does not claim that he was appointed asCaliph, so all this about Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) having beennominated was and is a concoction of the Shias.

Let us examine further. Whenever Hadhrat Umar (radhiyAllaahu anhu)went out, he appointed Hadhrat Ali (radhiyAllaahu anhu) to officiate inhis place. This presented an ideal opportunity for him to take permanentcharge.

Our Sunni youth should take note that our own history, with the graceof Allaah, is very bright. The record of the stirring deeds of thecompanions is with us, and as much as history has made efforts todarken these deeds, that much light is available with us, whichproduces each and every chain of these incidents and deeds very clearly,if only someone would study them. It has to be said very sadly that theShiah youth, although they have very little and very false education,

they basically know all about their beliefs. But our people are so weakthat they get all confused whenever they face such onslaughts. What istherefore needed is for them to study their bright history.

It is mentioned in the Noble Quraan that the Jews are old enemies of theMuslims and this is their historical conspiracy. They moved the mindsof Muslims against some companions. The Jews had undertaken thismission. One such Jew, named Abdullah bin Sabah (24), posing

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himself as a Muslim, entered into Islaam and caused a lot of hatredamongst the muslims. The official birth of Shiasm took place when healmost succeeded in his propaganda against Hadhrat Uthmaan(radhiyAllaahu anhu). Whoever speaks ill against Hadhrat Uthmaan(radhiyAllaahu anhu), more often than not, he belongs to that camp.

One day Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) said that "therewould be severe disturbances after me and one disturbance shall be likea strong storm in a river". Hearing this, the companions were veryworried and said, "if there would be disturbances as severe asRasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has said, then what wouldhappen and what should we do to save ourselves?" Then Rasulullaah

(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "when this Ummah would beentangled into differences and all kinds of severe disturbances, I amgoing to give you a "sign", which would be the signal of safety". Allthe companions became attentive and curious. At this point a personwas seen at some distance, whose head was covered. Rasulullaah(sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) said, AUpon that day when this Ummahwould be entangled into severe disturbances, this man would be on thepath of righteousness and you should be on the side that he is." The

companions ran to see who he was? When he took off the sheet of clothfrom his face, they saw that he was Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahuanhu) (25).

According to the directions of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alayhi wasallam), whenever such a situation arises, the companions shouldobserve on which side Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahu anhu) was.When differences did come to surface, Hadhrat Uthmaan

(radhiyAllaahu anhu) was martyred. Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiyAllaahuanhu) is a sign of righteousness for this Ummah and as such the Ummahshould be very bashful in his case and should not tolerate anythingagainst him under any circumstances. Since Hadhrat Adam (AS) cameto this world, there has never been a person, who may have marriedtwo daughters of a prophet, one after the other excepting HadhratUthmaan (radhiyAllaahu anhu). No such example is available fromHadhrat Adam (AS) upto this day. And Hadhrat Uthmaan Ghani

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(radhiyAllaahu anhu) was a man of very, very high moral rank.

I request from you, my brothers that the Muslims themselves and particularly their off spring, sons and daughters, should know theirhistory so as to prevent the corruption of their beliefs. One thing is tolearn deeniyaat and the other is to save one=s beliefs. To offer fivetimes prayer and to fast is deenyaat. The other is to keep our historyalive. Unless you do not tell them your history, they would not be ableto up- keep the belief of Ahle Sunnat Wal Jama'at. And remember,there is no deliverance for anybody, excepting those who have belief of

how the government was formed after prophet muhammad

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