UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINANPHINMA EDUCATION NETWORKDagupan CitySchool of Graduate and Professional StudiesTopic : PRENATAL PERIOD How Life Begins Con!e"#ion $ P%egn&n!'( Con)i#ions A*e!#ing Fe%#i+i,ion Se- De#e%.inionDiscussant : MR/ RANDY M/ LOREN0OProfessor : DR/ TERESITA A/ LUPATOHOW LIFE BEGINS?CONCEPTION / PREGNANCYLife begins when an egg, previously released from one of the two ovaries, mergeswith ust one of the hundreds of millions of sperm cells supplied through the vagina by themale reproductive system! The fertili"ed egg then descends to the wall of the uterus, whereit implants itself to begin gestation! Thene#t stageof development, frommonth$until birth, isthefetal periodofdevelopment! FETAL DEVELOPMENTFIRST TRIMESTER SECOND TRIMESTER THIRD TRIMESTER%ee& ': Getting ready %ee& $: (ertili"ation%ee& ): *mplantation%ee& +: The embryonic period begins%ee& ,: -aby.s heart begins to beat%ee& /: The neural tube closes%ee& 0: The umbilical cord appears%ee& 1: -aby.s 2ngers and toes form%ee& 3: 4ovement begins%ee& '5: 6eurons multiply%ee& '': -aby.s se# may be apparent%ee& '$: -aby.s 2ngernails and toenails appear%ee& '): -aby 7e#es and &ic&s%ee& '+: 8ormones gear up%ee& ',: S&in begins to form%ee& '/: (acial e#pressions are possible%ee& '0: (at accumulates%ee& '1: -aby begins to hear%ee& '3: Lanugo covers baby.s s&in%ee& $5: The halfway point%ee& $': 6ourishment evolves%ee& $$: Taste buds develop%ee& $): Lungs prepare for life outside the womb%ee& $+: Sense of balance develops%ee& $,: 9#ploration continues%ee& $/: 9yes remain closed%ee& $0: Second trimester ends%ee& $1: -aby.s eyes open%ee& $3: 4ovement is more forceful%ee& )5: -aby pac&s on pounds%ee& )': :eproductive development continues%ee& )$: Downy hair falls o;%ee& )): -aby detects light%ee& )+: Protective coating gets thic&er%ee& ),: :apid growth continues%ee& )/: -aby can suc&%ee& )0: -aby is full of women with infertility issues! 6ot ovulating can result from: Di.inis1e) o2&%i&n %ese%2e! This refers to a low number of eggs remaining in a woman.s ovaries due to normal aging! This situation may result in hormone levels that can a;ect ovulation! En)o!%ine )iso%)e%s! These disorders a;ect the hormones produced by the body! ?bnormal hormone levels can disrupt ovulation! To3&!!o 4se! Smo&ing or other use of tobacco can also a;ect ovulation and can cause complications with pregnancy! S#%4!#4%&+ P%o3+e.s of #1e Re"%o)4!#i2e S's#e.Structural problems usually involve the presence of abnormal tissue in the fallopian tubes or uterus! *f the fallopian tubes are bloc&ed, eggs are not able to move from the ovaries to the uterus and sperm is not able to reach the egg for fertili"ation! -loc&age of the fallopian tubes can be associated with: 9ndometriosis @terine 2broids Pelvic in7ammatory disease, an infection of the female reproductive structures that isoften caused by bacteria resulting from a common se#ually transmitted infection AST*B, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia Tubal ligation, a surgical procedure that closes a woman.s fallopian tubes permanently!Infe!#ions*nfections can also cause infertility! Chlamydia is one of the most common se#uallytransmitted infections that a;ect female fertility!Chronicinfectionsinthecervi#canalsoreducetheamountorCualityof cervicalmucus, thestic&yor slipperysubstancethat collectsonthecervi#andinthevagina!:educedamount or Cualityof cervical mucus canma&eit diDcult for womentogetpregnant!F&i+4%e of &n Egg #o M%e P%o"e%+'(or some women, the egg does not mature properly, resulting in fertili"ation failure! This can be caused by: Ho%.on&+ "%o3+e.s, ranging from problems with the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland! The hypothalamus sends signals from the brain to the pituitary gland, which then produces the hormones necessary to start the process of egg maturation! ?ny problems during this process can prevent the egg from maturing properly! L&!5 of "%o#eins called cyclin