Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example Text

How Does the Water Cycle Work?

Have you ever looked up at a cloud filled, murky sky and wondered where the clouds and rain come from? It’s all part of the water cycle. Read on to find out how the immeasurable amount of water is constantly moving up, down, around and around.

EvaporationWhen the heat from the sun warms any patch of water, the liquid turns into a vapour (gas) and this rises because it is lighter. The warmer the air, or if there is a draught or breeze, the quicker evaporation takes place. It even happens on puddles’ surfaces. Try and watch the playground dry up next time there has been a shower.

CondensationThe water vapour is lifted into the sky. As you go higher, the air gets colder and cools down the gas. This causes the particles to condense (come together) and form microscopic droplets of water. Over time, millions of them gather like this and make clouds.

PrecipitationAs soon as the water droplets reach a certain size, their weight is too great to stay in the air and they fall towards the ground. This is called precipitation. If the air is very cold, the water falls as ice or sleet. Otherwise, it falls as rain.

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example Text

CollectionWherever the water lands, this is the ‘collection’ stage of the water cycle. Rain and snow may return to Earth in rivers or lakes, on the ground, or on houses and roads, where it soaks down towards the rivers. Eventually, most of this water flows into the sea. The water cycle can now start again, from any place where water has collected even from your soaking wet hair!

The Water Cycle

Fun Facts Did you know that about 90% of the world’s fresh water is

found in the thick layer of ice covering Antarctica?

More than three quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered in water. Have a look at a globe or map of the world and you’ll notice just how much of it is blue! Most of this is contained in the seas and oceans but some is also found in rivers, lakes and glaciers.

The Earth

How Does the Water Cycle Work?

Have you ever looked up at a cloud filled, murky sky and wondered where the clouds and rain come from?2It’s all part of the water cycle. Read on to find out how the immeasurable amount of water in the world is constantly moving up, down, around and around.3

EvaporationWhen the heat from the sun warms any patch of water, the liquid turns into a vapour4 (gas) and this rises because it is lighter. The warmer the air, or if there is a draught or breeze, the quicker evaporation4 takes place. It even happens on puddles’ surfaces. Try and watch the playground dry up next time there has been a shower.3

CondensationThe water vapour is lifted into the sky. As you go higher, the air gets colder and cools down the gas. This causes the particles to condense (come together) and form microscopic4

droplets of water. Over time, millions of them gather like this and make clouds.3

PrecipitationAs soon as the water droplets reach a certain size, their weight is too great to stay in the air and they fall towards the ground. This is called precipitation4. If the air is very cold, the water falls as ice or sleet4. Otherwise, it falls as rain.3

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example Text Annotated: Genre Features

1 use a question title

2 write a short opening that includes a question

3 put the stages of the process in chronological order

4 use technical language for the topic

5include diagrams or illustrations with captions

Fun Facts Did you know that about 90% of the world’s fresh water is

found in the thick layer4of ice covering Antarctica?

More than three quarters of the Earth’s surface4is covered in water. Have a look at a globe or map of the world and you’ll notice just how much of it is blue! Most of this is contained in the seas and oceans but some is also found in rivers, lakes and glaciers4.

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example Text

CollectionWherever the water lands, this is the ‘collection’ stage of the water cycle. Rain and snow may return to Earth in rivers or lakes, on the ground, or on houses and roads, where it soaks down towards the rivers. Eventually, most of this water flows into the sea. The water cycle can now start again, from any place where water has collected even from your soaking wet hair!3

The Water Cycle5

The Earth5

1 use a question title

2 write a short opening that includes a question

3 put the stages of the process in chronological order

4 use technical language for the topic

5include diagrams or illustrations with captions

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example TextAnnotated Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling

Features

How Does the Water Cycle Work?

Have you ever looked up at a grey, murky sky 6 and wondered where the clouds and rain come from? It’s all part of the water cycle. Read on to find out how the immeasurable9,10&12 amount of water in the world is 2 constantly 10 moving up, down, around and around.3

Evaporation4

When the heat from the sun warms any patch of water, 7 the liquid turns into a vapour (gas) and this rises because it5 is lighter. The warmer the air, or if there is a draught11 or breeze, the quicker evaporation10 takes place. It5 even happens on puddles’ surfaces8. Try and watch the playground dry up next time there has been11 a shower.3

Condensation4&10

The water vapour is2 lifted into the sky. As you go higher,7

the air gets colder and cools down the gas. This causes the particles to condense9 (come together) and form microscopic9,10&12 droplets of water. Over time, millions of them5 gather like this and make clouds.3

Precipitation4

As soon as the water droplets10reach a certain size,7 their weight11&13is too great11to stay in the air and they5fall towards the ground. This is called precipitation10. If the air is very cold,7the water falls as ice or sleet. Otherwise, it5falls as rain.3

All text: the full range of spelling, grammar and punctuation features that have been taught in previous year groups shown throughout including adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions to express time, place and cause; correct tense use and subordinate clauses

5 nouns or pronouns used appropriately to aid cohesion and avoid repetition, e.g. he, she, they, it, etc.

2 Standard English verb inflections consistently used, e.g. we were not we was, I did not I done, etc.

4 simple layout devices in non-fiction used, e.g. headings and sub-headings.

3 writing organised into paragraphs around a theme.

6 noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives and prepositional phrases, e.g. the strict teacher with curly hair

7 fronted adverbials used, e.g. As quick as a flash, Last weekend, etc. followed by a comma

11 homophones spelt correctly, e.g. which and witch.

8 possessive apostrophes used accurately for plural possession

10 suffix words spelt correctly, e.g. usually, poisonous, adoration, etc.

9 prefix words spelt correctly, e.g. irrelevant, autograph, incorrect, disobey, superstar, antisocial, etc.

12 knowledge of word families used to aid spelling

13 Y3/Y4 statutory spelling words

Collection4

Wherever the water lands,7 this is the ‘collection’ stage of the water cycle. Rain and snow may return to Earth13 in rivers or lakes, on the ground, or on houses and roads, where it5 soaks down towards the rivers. Eventually10&12, most of this water flows into the sea. The water cycle can now start2 again, from any place where water has collected even from your soaking wet hair6!3

The Water Cycle4

Fun Facts4

Did you know that about 90% of the world’s fresh water is found in the thick layer11of ice covering Antarctica?

More than three quarters13of the Earth’s surfaceis covered in water. Have a look at a globe or map of the world and you’ll notice just how much of it is blue11! Most of this is contained12in the seas11and oceans but some is also found in rivers, lakes and glaciers.3

The Earth4

All text: the full range of spelling, grammar and punctuation features that have been taught in previous year groups shown throughout including adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions to express time, place and cause; correct tense use and subordinate clauses

5 nouns or pronouns used appropriately to aid cohesion and avoid repetition, e.g. he, she, they, it, etc.

2 Standard English verb inflections consistently used, e.g. we were not we was, I did not I done, etc.

4 simple layout devices in non-fiction used, e.g. headings and sub-headings.

3 writing organised into paragraphs around a theme.

6 noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives and prepositional phrases, e.g. the strict teacher with curly hair

7 fronted adverbials used, e.g. As quick as a flash, Last weekend, etc. followed by a comma

11 homophones spelt correctly, e.g. which and witch.

8 possessive apostrophes used accurately for plural possession

10 suffix words spelt correctly, e.g. usually, poisonous, adoration, etc.

9 prefix words spelt correctly, e.g. irrelevant, autograph, incorrect, disobey, superstar, antisocial, etc.

12 knowledge of word families used to aid spelling

13 Y3/Y4 statutory spelling words

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example TextAnnotated Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling FeaturesY4 Information Text: Explanation Example

TextAnnotated Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Features

How Does the Water Cycle Work?

Have you ever looked up at a grey, murky sky6 and wondered where the clouds and rain come from? It’s all part of the water cycle. Read on to find out how the immeasurable9,10&12 amount of water in the world is2constantly10 moving up, down, around and around.3

Evaporation4

When the heat from the sun warms any patch of water7,the liquid turns into a vapour (gas) and this rises because it5 is lighter. The warmer the air, or if there is a draught11 or breeze, the quicker evaporation10 takes place. It5 even happens on puddles’ surfaces8. Try and watch the playground dry up next time there has been11 a shower.3

Condensation4&10

The water vapour is2 lifted into the sky. As you go higher,7

the air gets colder and cools down the gas. This causes the particles to condense9 (come together) and form microscopic9,10&12 droplets of water. Over time, millions of them5 gather like this and make clouds.3

Precipitation4

As soon as the water droplets10reach a certain size,7 their weight11&13is too great11to stay in the air and they5fall towards the ground. This is called precipitation10. If the air is very cold,7the water falls as ice or sleet. Otherwise, it5falls as rain.3

All text: the full range of spelling, grammar and punctuation features that have been taught in previous year groups shown throughout including adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions to express time, place and cause; correct tense use and subordinate clauses

5 nouns or pronouns used appropriately to aid cohesion and avoid repetition, e.g. he, she, they, it, etc.

2Standard English verb inflections consistently used, e.g. we were not we was, I did not I done, etc.

4simple layout devices in non-fiction used, e.g. headings and sub-headings.

3writing organised into paragraphs around a theme.

6noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives and prepositional phrases, e.g. the strict teacher with curly hair

7fronted adverbials used, e.g. As quick as a flash, Last weekend, etc. followed by a comma

11homophones spelt correctly, e.g. which and witch.

8possessive apostrophes used accurately for plural possession

10suffix words spelt correctly, e.g. usually, poisonous, adoration, etc.

9prefix words spelt correctly, e.g. irrelevant, autograph, incorrect, disobey, superstar, antisocial, etc.

12knowledge of word families used to aid spelling

13 Y3/Y4 statutory spelling words

Y4 Information Text: Explanation Example TextAnnotated Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Features

Collection4

Wherever the water lands,7 this is the ‘collection’ stage of the water cycle. Rain and snow may return to Earth13 in rivers or lakes, on the ground, or on houses and roads, where it5 soaks down towards the rivers. Eventually10&12, most of this water flows into the sea. The water cycle can now start2 again, from any place where water has collected even from your soaking wet hair6!3

The Water Cycle4

Fun Facts4

Did you know that about 90% of the world’s fresh water is found in the thick layer11of ice covering Antarctica?

More than three quarters13of the Earth’s surfaceis covered in water. Have a look at a globe or map of the world and you’ll notice just how much of it is blue11! Most of this is contained12in the seas11and oceans but some is also found in rivers, lakes and glaciers.3

The Earth4

All text: the full range of spelling, grammar and punctuation features that have been taught in previous year groups shown throughout including adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions to express time, place and cause; correct tense use and subordinate clauses

5 nouns or pronouns used appropriately to aid cohesion and avoid repetition, e.g. he, she, they, it, etc.

2Standard English verb inflections consistently used, e.g. we were not we was, I did not I done, etc.

4simple layout devices in non-fiction used, e.g. headings and sub-headings.

3writing organised into paragraphs around a theme.

6noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives and prepositional phrases, e.g. the strict teacher with curly hair

7fronted adverbials used, e.g. As quick as a flash, Last weekend, etc. followed by a comma

11homophones spelt correctly, e.g. which and witch.

8possessive apostrophes used accurately for plural possession

10suffix words spelt correctly, e.g. usually, poisonous, adoration, etc.

9prefix words spelt correctly, e.g. irrelevant, autograph, incorrect, disobey, superstar, antisocial, etc.

12knowledge of word families used to aid spelling

13 Y3/Y4 statutory spelling words