How did members of the Schmalkaldic League and Henry VIII benefit from the Reformation

Economically?

Took over Church lands & property

Who said: “We are all equal in the eyes of God, members of the

Priesthood of all Believers”?

Luther

What conclusion pushed Luther to write the 95

Theses?

That man is saved through Faith and not works or

indulgences

Which theologian believed people were predestined for

salvation?

Calvin

What tool did Calvin use to create his “New Jerusalem”?

Strict moral code (spread through sermons and

Catechism)

List three components of Calvin’s moral code.

No drinking, no dancing, no plays, religious music & psalm

reading in taverns

What group believed in adult baptism and were eventually

opposed by both Protestants and Catholics?

Anabaptists (esp. radicals gathered at Munster)

What was the main reason Henry VIII started the English

Reformation?

Wanted an annulment from Catharine, desired control over church structure &

resources

How was the Anglican Church that Henry VIII created different from Roman

Catholicism?

It was different organizationally because the king was in charge, it

was not different theologically

Under which monarch did England become truly Protestant

(theologically)?

Edward VI

Which English monarch attempted to reinstate Roman

Catholicism? Was she successful?

Mary I, no she was not

What three religious groups did Elizabeth I face when she came

to the throne? What did she recognize as the official religion

of England?

RCs, Anglicans, & Puritans; Anglicanism (Church of

England)

Identify two key components of the Roman Catholic Counter

Reformation.

Founding new orders (like the Jesuits), the Inquisition,

emphasis on discipline, the Index of Forbidden Books

What type of art reflected the spirit of the Counter

Reformation? What did the RC church hope it would do?

Baroque, bring people back to the faith

What is Baroque Art designed to do?

Get an emotional response/reaction

What two groups were fighting each other in the French

Religious conflict?

The Huguenots and the Catholic League

How did Henry of Navarre bring a close to conflict in

France?

converting to RC & issuing the Edict of Nantes which

protected the Huguenots

Why did Phillip II of Spain want to keep control of the

Netherlands?

He wanted to keep them Catholic and he needed the

tax $$$

What tactics did the Dutch resisters use against the

Spanish Army during the Dutch Revolt?

guerilla warfare, piracy

Which protestant group wanted to rid the Anglican

Church of all Catholic practices and structures?

Puritans

Who wanted Mary Queen of Scots to be Queen of England?

Why was she executed?

Phillip II and other RCs, Plotting to kill Elizabeth I

What was Ferdinand II’s (the HRE) chief goal at the start of

the 30 Years War? Was he successful?

Re-Catholicize the empire, no

What was the impact of the Thirty Years War on Germany?

Total devastation, kills 1/3 of population

What is the main goal of mercantilism?

strengthen your nation’s economy at the expense of

another nation

What kinds of practices do mercantilist nations use?

tariffs, colonies, sea trade, support for industry,

shipping regulations, full employment, large

population

What two classical thinkers were most of the early

scientific beliefs based on?

Aristotle & Ptolemy

What were the two key components of Copernicus’ theory about the universe?

The sun is in the middle, the planets travel in circular

orbits around it

Who was Brahe’s assistant that drew pro-Copernican conclusions from Brahe’s

charts?

Johannes Kepler

How did the church respond to Galileo’s use of the

telescope?

They condemned it, “God would have made us able

to see it”

Who was the father of modern philosophy and the

deductive method?

Descartes (“I Think therefore I am”)

Who was the champion of the empirical method? What

does this method encourage?

Bacon, observations based on lots of data

Who was the first scientist to maintain that mathematical

relationships explain everything?

Galileo

What major events were the two of the main influences on

Hobbes & Locke?

English Civil War, Louis XIV & Glorious Revolution

List two of Locke’s major beliefs.

blank slate, overthrow bad gov’t, natural state is

freedom, natural rights: life, liberty & property

Who believed that people must turn over their rights to a strong ruler his rule would

prevent anarchy?

Hobbes

How did Hobbes’ absolute ruler control his people?

Manipulating their fear of pain and desire for

pleasure

Who are the three most prominent Enlightenment

philosophes?

Montesquieu, Voltaire, & Rousseau

Why would you associate Voltaire with our First

amendment?

he advocated basic freedoms (speech, press,

petition, etc.)

Name the author that advocated Laissez Faire

Economics. What economic system was he responding

to?

Adam Smith, mercantilism

In what role did the Deists place God?

“divine watchmaker”, created world and stood back, men control own

actions

What did Montesquieu argue was the best form of gov’t?

Three branch, separation of powers

Name three major beliefs of Rousseau.

Importance of society over individual, bend to will,

glorified motherhood, Men & Women in separate

spheres

Why was the first encyclopedia such a major

undertaking? Who edited it?

first time any group tried to compile “all” knowledge,

Diderot

If you had to sum up the enlightenment in one word,

what would it be?

Reason

What two sides clashed in the English Civil War?

The Anglican Monarchists and the Puritan Parliamentarians

What was the key outcome of the Glorious Revolution in

England?

William III and Mary accepted the English Bill of Rights and the terms of a constitutional

monarchy

Who was the absolute monarch? Identify two

characteristics of his reign.

Louis XIV, army, propaganda, Versailles, bureaucracy