•How did Andrew Jackson’s election break with the politics

of the past?•What are the major domestic

and political issues of the Jackson Era?

Election of 1824

-no winner of electoral college

-John Q. Adams chosen over Jackson as President

Clay pulls for Adams b/c he agreed to back American System

-Called corrupt bargain because Jackson had won the popular vote!

- Clay also given the position of Secretary of State as part of deal

-Jackson’s supporters formed the Democratic Party and opposed Adams’ policies

Election of 1828

-high voter turnout b/c voting requirements had been lowered

-previous voting laws had limited voting to property owning white males

**New Voting Requirements = ALL white men age 21+

-Jackson appealed to the “Common Man”

-Jackson becomes first western President (TN)

-1832 Jackson re-elected- first use of national nominating conventions

Jackson’s Presidency

-”Common Man”’s President

-humble origins, “Old Hickory”

- not well educated, war hero (War of 1812)

-creation of the Spoils System: incoming officials fill positions with friends and supporters

“kitchen cabinet”: Jackson’s friends who became his primary advisors – NOT his “official” cabinet

-greater democracy, but women and minorities still ignored

-Great Silence over the issue of slavery

Nullification Crisis

-debate over high tariffs (North favors high tariff)

-Tariff of Abominations— 1828 placed high tariff on goods, British reduced import of cotton hurting the South

-John C. Calhoun -theory of nullification: state right to void a law

Calhoun’s “S.C. Exposition and Protest”

-S.C. threatens secessionSTATES RIGHTS v.

FEDERAL POWER-Jackson threatens the use of

force -Henry Clay organizes a compromise

Tariff question continues—in 1830 Hayne (South) & Webster (North) debate over tariffs & the underlying state v. federal power issue = one of the greatest debates in US History

Indian Policy

-different views about Indian policy

Majority of whites want the Indian land

-Indian Removal Act, 1830 Jackson states assimilation can’t work, move Indians to their own territory in the west

-Cherokee takes the issue to the Supreme Court and wins

-Worchester v. Georgia ruled Georgia not entitled to regulate the Cherokee, nor invade their lands

-Jackson ignores the court and orders removal by force which becomes known as the Trail of Tears, 25% of the Cherokee died

Indian Policy

National Bank

-Jackson disliked the Bank of the U.S.-thought it was an abuse of power and served the wealthy first-thought it lacked the constitutional ability to exist despite McCulloch v. Maryland

Time to renew the bank---Jackson vetoed the new charter for the bank and withdrew all gov’t funds

-Jackson placed gov’t funds in favored state banks which critics called the “Pet Banks” which led to a monetary crisis

Van Buren

Martin Van Buren was elected after Jackson (Democrat)

-suffered b/c of Jackson’s bank policies

-Panic of 1837 left many in bad economic situations

- Many banks closed

- Bankrupted businesses

- More than 1/3 of population unemployed

-Newly formed Whig party gains strength, oppose Jackson, favor American system (leaders included Henry Clay, John Q. Adams, Daniel Webster)

Harrison and Tyler

- War hero William Henry Harrison becomes first Whig President and he wants to enact the American System

- ran on the slogan: “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!”

- Harrison dies 1 month into office (from pneumonia)

- John Tyler is first V.P. to become President

-on ballot to pick-up Southern votes, his goals do not match Whig party goals

Review QuestionsReview Questions

What two politicians were elected What two politicians were elected president after campaigning as the president after campaigning as the candidate of the “common man”?candidate of the “common man”?

a.a. John C. Calhoun and Andrew JacksonJohn C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson

b.b. William Henry Harrison and John TylerWilliam Henry Harrison and John Tyler

c.c. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Andrew Jackson and William Henry HarrisonHarrison

d.d. Andrew Jackson and Henry ClayAndrew Jackson and Henry Clay

What part of the national government What part of the national government did Andrew Jackson feel was bad for did Andrew Jackson feel was bad for the nation?the nation?

a. Judicial Reviewa. Judicial Reviewb. National Bankb. National Bankc. American Systemc. American System

d. Spoils System d. Spoils System

What issue was brought to the surface What issue was brought to the surface by the Tariffs of 1828?by the Tariffs of 1828?

a. state vs. federal powera. state vs. federal powerb. checks and balancesb. checks and balancesc. imperialismc. imperialismd. taxing of southern exportsd. taxing of southern exports

What federal act led South Carolina to What federal act led South Carolina to call a state convention to nullify it?call a state convention to nullify it?

a. Indian Removal Acta. Indian Removal Actb. The Stamp Actb. The Stamp Actc. The Tariff of 1828c. The Tariff of 1828d. The Homestead Actd. The Homestead Act

Which best describes the idea behind a Which best describes the idea behind a claim that a state can cancel a federal claim that a state can cancel a federal law that it considers unconstitutional?law that it considers unconstitutional?

A. secessionA. secessionB. nullificationB. nullificationC. abolitionC. abolitionD. compromiseD. compromise

How are the How are the changeschanges in the suffrage in the suffrage requirements requirements bestbest summarized during the summarized during the Jackson Era?Jackson Era?

A. only males could voteA. only males could voteB. only white males could voteB. only white males could voteC. only white males owning property could C. only white males owning property could votevoteD. only white men and women could voteD. only white men and women could vote

How can the moving of Native How can the moving of Native Americans from their lands Americans from their lands bestbest be be assessed?assessed?

A. as unjustA. as unjustB. as unnecessaryB. as unnecessaryC. as good diplomacy for the nationC. as good diplomacy for the nationD. as beneficial to Native AmericansD. as beneficial to Native Americans

Which reason best explains why the Which reason best explains why the theory of nullification was widely theory of nullification was widely supported in the South?supported in the South?

a.a. Southerners believed states had the Southerners believed states had the right to determine whether federal right to determine whether federal laws were constitutionallaws were constitutional

b.b. Southerners wanted to continue buying Southerners wanted to continue buying manufactured goods from Britainmanufactured goods from Britain

c.c. Southerners wanted to divide the U.S. Southerners wanted to divide the U.S. into two separate countriesinto two separate countries

d.d. Southerners did not want to pay the Southerners did not want to pay the high tariffs passed by Congresshigh tariffs passed by Congress

What was Jackson’s reasons for What was Jackson’s reasons for opposing the Second Bank of the opposing the Second Bank of the U.S.?U.S.?

a.a. Jackson liked big banks, just not Jackson liked big banks, just not the Bank of the U.S.the Bank of the U.S.

b.b. He saw it as a tool of the upper He saw it as a tool of the upper classes and a threat to democracyclasses and a threat to democracy

c.c. He didn’t like the manager of the He didn’t like the manager of the bankbank

d.d. His family had lost all of its savings His family had lost all of its savings when the first national bank closedwhen the first national bank closed

How did the Cherokee react to the Indian How did the Cherokee react to the Indian Removal Act?Removal Act?

a.a. The Cherokee decided to move to the The Cherokee decided to move to the Oklahoma Territory on their own Oklahoma Territory on their own accordaccord

b.b. They tried to assassinate Andrew They tried to assassinate Andrew JacksonJackson

c.c. The Cherokee refused to accept the The Cherokee refused to accept the decision of the Courts to uphold the Actdecision of the Courts to uphold the Act

d.d. They appealed to the U.S. courts in the They appealed to the U.S. courts in the case case Worchester v. GeorgiaWorchester v. Georgia

What is the spoils system?What is the spoils system?

a.a. A policy developed by Harrison to A policy developed by Harrison to determine what land the Indians determine what land the Indians receivedreceived

b.b. A policy of giving the worst jobs to A policy of giving the worst jobs to the losers in the governmentthe losers in the government

c.c. A policy of treating all employees A policy of treating all employees equallyequally

d.d. A policy of giving appointed A policy of giving appointed positions to one’s friends and positions to one’s friends and supporterssupporters

What impact did the Panic of 1837 What impact did the Panic of 1837 have on the election of 1840?have on the election of 1840?

a.a. It gave more power to the Whig It gave more power to the Whig Party, leading to Harrison’s Party, leading to Harrison’s electionelection

b.b. Van Buren had to fight harder, but Van Buren had to fight harder, but still won the electionstill won the election

c.c. The Democratic Party dissolved The Democratic Party dissolved completelycompletely

d.d. None of the aboveNone of the above