how can abiotic factors affect plant and animal distributions in freshwater and marine ecosystems?...
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How can abiotic factors affect plant and animal distributions in freshwater and
marine ecosystems?
➢ 1) Pollution ➢ 2) temperature ➢ 3) dissolved oxygen ➢ 4) phosphates➢ 5) ph➢ 6) turbidity➢ 7) upwelling
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Pollution
Pollution is any harmful material that is released into the environment.
➢ It can be natural or a result of human activities.
➢Most pollution in the world’s oceans is found along the coastlines.
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Direct and Indirect Pollution
Direct (from one source) examples of pollution include:➢ Landfill leaks➢ Industry dumping waste water➢ Oil spills➢ Sewage systems
Indirect (from many sources) examples of pollution include:➢ Oils leaks from cars and trucks on roads➢ Pesticides and fertilizers from lawns, farms, golf courses, ➢ animal waste from farms➢ runoff from city streets
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Temperature
➢ temperature- warm water hold less dissolved oxygen than cold water. (The more dissolved oxygen there is the better for living organisms)
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Dissolved OxygenThe amount of dissolved oxygen in the water may
depend on several factors:abiotic (non-living) factors: ➢ Colder, moving water holds more dissolved oxygen
biotic (living) factors:➢ living things consume dissolved oxygen in water➢ Too many dead organisms cause decomposers to
use up available oxygen
➢ Lack of oxygen kills the organisms that need it.➢ Dissolved oxygen levels should be 5 mg/L (or 5 ppm)
or greater
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Phosphates
➢ Phosphates are substances occurring naturally in the soil which enhance plant growth.
➢ Phosphates can become a problem in water systems:
excess plant →decomposition → low oxygen levels
➢ Phosphate levels should be less than 10 μg/L
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pH
➢pH scale0------------------------7-----------------------14Acids Neutral Bases
➢Acid rain, formed as a result of pollution, can affect pH.
➢Water pH should be in the range of 5 to 8.5, if not plant or animal life may begin to die.
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Turbidity➢ Turbidity is the amount of undissolved solids suspended
in the water (cloudy water) turbidity
↓
blocks sunlight ↓
less photosynthesis
↓
less O2 produced ↓
organisms begin to die
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Upwelling
➢Upwelling is the vertical motion of water in the ocean (subsurface water of lower temperature and greater density moves toward the surface of the ocean)
upwelling →nutrients→ plant life → attracts animal life
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The End