Household Spiders and

other Colorado Arachnids

Arachnid Feature – Two Body Regions

Cephalothorax

Abdomen

Arachnid Feature – Four Pairs of Legs

Chelicerae

Face of a longjawed spider showing chelicerae and pedipalps

Pedipalps Photo courtesy of Brian Valentine

Spiders Order Araneae

Some spiders use

webbing to snare prey

Some spiders

hunt prey without

the aid of silk

David Cappaert

Brian Valentine

Key Points – Household Spiders in

Colorado

• Many of the spiders found in homes are

transients, that do not reproduce in buildings

• The only potentially dangerous species is the

western widow

• Better identification of spiders can calm

many concerns of clients

• Selective use of insecticides, trapping, and

vacuuming are the primary controls for

spiders

Spiders Found In CO Homes

Seasonal Transients

• Most funnel weavers

• “Roly-poly hunter”

• Jumping spiders

• Crab spiders

• Wolf spiders

May Breed Indoors

• Barn funnel weaver

• Widow spiders

• Other cobweb

spiders

• Cellar spiders

• Yellowlegged sac

spider

Colorado Spiders of Interest that Do Not Occur Indoors

Oklahoma Brown Tarantula Aphelenoma hentzi

Orb-weaver Spiders Family Araneidae

Colorado Spiders of Interest that Do Not Occur Indoors

Banded Garden Spider Argiope trifasciata

Colorado Spiders of Interest that Do Not Occur Indoors

“Catfaced Spider” Araneus gemmoides

“Charlotte A. Cavaticus”

Araneus cavaticus,

sometimes called the

‘barn spider’

Coming this September!

The 6th Annual “How-Big-is-your-Catface-Spider

Contest”

Present Colorado Record

Holder -

Lila

Spiders Found In CO Homes

Seasonal Transients

• Most funnel weavers

• “Roly-poly hunter”

• Jumping spiders

• Crab spiders

• Wolf spiders

May Breed Indoors

• Barn funnel weaver

• Widow spiders

• Other cobweb

spiders

• Cellar spiders

• Yellowlegged sac

spider

Most Common Spiders in

Homes

Funnel weaver

Spiders

Family Agelenidae, three

common genera

Funnel-weaver Spiders Family Agelenidae

Funnel weaver webs

Male funnel weaver spiders have grossly enlarged pedipalps (not fangs!!)

Spider Mating – Transfer of Sperm Via Pedipalps

Pedipalps

Most funnel weavers found in homes are incidental transients, wandering indoors in late summer/early fall

Agelenopsis species

Hololena species

Tegenaria domestica

Eratigena agrestis

Barn funnel weaver/domestic

house spider

Hobo spider

Some funnel weaver spiders can reproduce indoors

The Wood Louse

(Roly-Poly) Hunter

Family Dysderidae

Dysdera crocata

Ground spiders

(Gnaphosidae family)

that may incidentally

enter buildings

Drassodes sp.

Zelotes sp.

Herpyllus spp. – “parson spiders”

Jumping Spiders Family Salticidae

Jumping spiders have

the best visual acuity

of any terrestrial

arthropod

Most common jumping spider found in homes

Bold Jumper Phidippus audax

Other Jumping Spiders

found indoors

Zebra Jumper Scenicus salticus

Platycryptus spp.

Bark crab spiders

sometimes wander

into building in

mid-late summer

Wolf Spiders

Lycosidae Family

Wolf Spiders carry the egg sac. It is attached to the spinnerets.

Wolf Spiders

Carrying Young

Giant Wolf Spiders Hogna species

Burrowing Wolf Spiders

Geolycosa species

Spiders Found In CO Homes

Seasonal Transients

• Most funnel weavers

• “Roly-poly hunter”

• Jumping spiders

• Ground spiders

• Crab spiders

• Wolf spiders

May Breed Indoors

• Barn funnel weaver

• Hobo spider

• Widow spiders

• Other cobweb

spiders

• Cellar spiders

• Yellowlegged sac

spider

Tegenaria domestica

Eratigena agrestis

Barn funnel weaver/domestic

house spider

Hobo spider

Some funnel weaver spiders can reproduce indoors

Longlegged Sac

Spiders/Yellow Sac

Spiders

Family Miturgidae

Cellar Spiders (aka

“daddylonglegs spiders”)

Family Pholcidae

Combfooted/Cobweb Spiders Family Theridiidae

Enoplagnatha sp.

Parasteatoda tepidariorum Steatoda triangulosa

Some common – and

harmless – cobweb-making

spiders found in Colroado

homes

Steatoda spp. are sometimes

mistaken for widow spiders

Steatoda grossa “False widow spider”

Western Widow

(Latrodectus

hesperus)

There are many kinds of widow spiders

(Latrodectus spp.) in the world:

• Black widow (L. mactans)

• Western widow (L. hesperus)

• Australian redback spider

• Malmignatte (Europe)….

Western Widow (Latrodectus hesperus)

Widow spiders

show strong

sexual dimorphism

Male Widow spiders are much

smaller than females.

Coloration may vary, but the

pattern on the underside is similar.

Males, of course, have greatly

enlarged pedipalps.

Male pedipalps

Widow spider life stages

Immature female

Some symptoms of widow spider

bites

• Pinprick, may not be noticed

• General sense of malaise, impending doom

• Muscle tightening, particularly of abdominal muscles

• Nausea

• Sweating

• Most deaths due to effects on blood pressure

Mediterranean recluse Loxosceles rufescens

Venomous Species of Spiders Around

The World

Cytotoxic Venoms

Brown Spiders (Loxosceles spp.)

Includes the brown

recluse/fiddleback

spider, Loxosceles

reclusa

Some features:

“Fiddleback pattern” on cephalothorax

Uniform coloration on the legs

Three pairs of eyes

Confirmed Loxosceles Records from

Colorado

• Five records of L. rufescens (Mediterranean recluse) -

Denver, Bent, Larimer, Las Animas Counties

• Four records of L. reclusa (Boulder, Otero, Prowers)

• One record of L. apachea (Larimer)

Funnel weaver spiders

(Agelenidae family)

are very, very, very,

very, very, very

commonly mistaken

for brown recluse

throughout Colorado

Clockwise, Top Left: Funnel

weaver spider, solpugid/

sunspider, wolf spider, brown

spider (lower left)

Some Symptoms of Brown Recluse Bite

• Often - pain at time of bite

– Typically persists for 30 minutes or so

• Often reddened area or white halo at bite site

• Very uncommonly – ulceration and slow

healing

• Very uncommonly – systemic effects that

include nausea, fever, cramping

Factors affecting Severity of Bites from

Brown Recluse

• Individual immune response

• Amount of venom introduced during bite

• Secondary involvement of wound-

infecting bacteria

Misdiagnosis (overdiagnosis) of brown recluse

bites as a cause for most any slow healing

wound of unknown origin is probably, by far, the

most common misdiagnosis US medical doctors

make regarding arthropods

“Yep, that is

DEFINITELY a

Brown Recluse

bite”

Conditions That Can Be Confused With or Have

Been Misdiagnosed As Recluse Spider Bites

Bacterial

Staphylococcus infection

Sterptococcus infection

Cutaneous anthrax

Viral

Infected herpes simplex

Chronic herpes simplex

Varicella zoster (shingles)

Fungal

Sporotrichosis

Lymphoproliferative disorders

Lymphoma

Lymphomatoid papulosis

Vascular disorders

Focal vasculitis

Purpura fulminans

Reaction to drugs

Warfarin poisoning

Arthropod-induced

Lyme disease

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Ornithodoros coriaceus bite (soft tick)

Insect bites (flea, mite, biting fly)

Misc. / multiple causative agents

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Pressure ulcers

The Most Common Source of

Slow Healing Wounds in the US!

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

aka, “flesh eating bacteria”, “false spider bite diagnosis”

MRSA

Infections

aka, “flesh eating bacteria”, “false spider bite diagnosis”

The Myth of the Toxic “Hobo Spider”

Tegeneria agrestis – aka “hobo spider”

-The most common household spider in most of

Europe

-Introduced into US; now common in Fort Collins

- An original report suggested it might bite and

cause slow healing wounds

This report has been completely refuted

and discredited

Myth of the “Hobo Spider” Toxicity

• Published account in late 1980s appeared to link spider with necrotizing bites

– Results of original paper have never been replicated

– Original paper is considered to be thoroughly discredited and without merit

• Spider in Europe never associated with biting problems

• No difference in toxins between US and European spiders

• Necrotizing wounds thought to have been due to non-spider causes (MRSA, etc.)

Don’t believe

everything

you see!!!!

Spider Control in the Home

Regular vacuuming and movement of furniture kills and disrupts the activities of household spiders

Spider

Traps

Caulking can prevent egress into the home by spiders that develop outdoors

Insecticides applied indoors should only be used as spot treatments at points where spiders are expected to rest and establish webs

Persistent insecticides applied to potential entry points can prevent egress into the home by spiders that develop outdoors

Daddy longlegs (aka, harvestmen,

phalangids)

Class Arachnida

Order Opiliones

Daddy longlegs

Daddylonglegs

Daddy long legs

Daddy-long-legs

They’re all OK spellings!

Leiobunum species

Phalangium opilio

Common

Colorado

Species

4 pairs of legs

Eyes mounted on a

large dorsal tubercle

Daddy longlegs do have:

• Very long legs (4 pair)

• A body of not clearly separated into regions

• A pair of eyes

• Weakly muscled mouthparts, designed to crush

• Defensive glands for protection

Daddy longlegs do not have:

• Glands for silk production

• Jaws connected to poison glands

Cellar Spider

Order Aranae

(spiders)

Daddy long legs

Order Opiliones

Male daddy

longlegs tend to

have longer legs

and a smaller body

than the females

Female

Male

Mating pair of daddy longlegs. Photograph by David Leatherman.

Adults are present in fall, hence the name ‘harvestmen’. Eggs are

inserted into the soil, behind bark and in other protected sites.

Scorpions

Class Arachnida

Order Scorpiones

Common Striped

Scorpion found in

Southern Colorado

Giant Desert Hairy

Scorpion – Found in

Western Colorado

Pedipalps (chelae) for prey capture

Scorpion jaws (chelicerae)

Stinger used for defense

Pedipalps (chelae)

for prey capture

Scorpion chelicerae (jaws)

Normal indoor

lighting

Ultraviolet

light

Scorpion

mothers carry

their young for

the first weeks

of their life

An adorable scorpion picked up south of La Junta, CO

Stinger primarily used for defense

Medically Important Scorpions

• Only about 20-25 species considered to be

medically important

– All in family Buthidae

– No dangerous species in Colorado

– Bark scorpion (“Durango scorpion”) in southern

AZ and northern Mexico is dangerous

– Fattailed scorpion of North Africa has caused

most human fatalities

Scorpions found in

Colorado are not

considered to be

medically important

Fat-tailed Scorpions of Northern Africa –

The worlds most dangerous scorpions

Arabian fat-tailed scorpion, Androctonus crassicauda

Arizona bark scorpion

Arizona Bark

Scorpion

Symptoms from sting of bark scorpion

Immediate burning pain

– Pain quickly subsides

– Site remains very painful if (and after being)

touched (Positive tap test)

Systemic reactions rare, but serious

– Restlessness

– Thickened tongue, slurred speech

– Staggering

– Convulsions

Pseudoscorpions

(Order: Pseudoscorpiones)

Pseudoscorpions being transported (phoresy) by

longhorned beetle

Sunspiders

(a.k.a. windscorpions, solpugids)

Class Arachnida

Order Solifugae

http://collider.com/john-davis-interview-predator-predators-sequel/94895/

Leglike pedipalps (chelae)

Sunspiders, Windscorpions, Solpugids

The infamous “Camel Spider” photograph circulating

on the Web

Pseudoscorpions

(Order: Pseudoscorpiones)

Pseudoscorpions being transported (phoresy) by

longhorned beetle

Mites and Ticks

Class Arachnida

Order Acari

Hard Ticks

Dermacentor spp. include the

Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

and the American Dog Tick

“Dermacentor species are

3-host ticks

Small mammals

are needed to

support the

development of

early stages

Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus sanguinipes

The only tick in Colorado

that can breed indoors.

A single host tick of dogs

Mites found In Homes

• Associated with plants

– Clover mites

– Spider mites of houseplants

• Associated with birds and/or rodents

– Northern fowl mite

– American bird mite

• Associated with dogs, cats

– Cheyletiella mites

Spider mites on

indoor plants

Clover mites migrating

indoors from lawns

Mites associated

with plants, fungi

Dust mites

Dust Mites

Dermatophagoides spp.

• An important human allergen (feces, cast skins)

• Feeds on fungus grown on skin flakes (Aspergillus penicilloides)

• Optimum humidity – ca. 75%

– Minimum RH around 60%

What the heck are

“Duct Mites”???

Cheyletiella Mange

Mites Cheyletiella spp.

“Walking dandruff”

Northern Fowl Mite Ornithyssus sylviarum

American Bird Mite Dermanyssus galliniae

Bird Mite Study?

Incidence of mites in bird

nests attached to

buildings?

Survival of mites after

hosts (birds) have left?

This presentation will be posted at

the Insect Information web site

• Housed at Department of

Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest

Management

– Search “BSPM CSU”

• Within “Extension and Outreach”

• “Insect Information”

– Extension presentations for 2014 posted at

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