HOTSHigher Order Thinking Skills

Group Members:-

1) Paul Vosko Anak Ranged (D20121059016)

2) Nor Azila Binti Razak (D20112052105)

3) Dg Norhayati Binti Mahamad (D20112052103)

Thinking skills are divided into two :

• Lower-order thinking skills (KBAR)

• Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) (KBAT)

Definition of Thinking

• According to Beyer, BK, 1991 defines thinking as the human ability to form

concepts, to reason, or to make the determination.

• According to Nickerson, Perkins and Smith, 1985, think is a collection of

skills or mental operations used by an individual.

• According to Fraenkel, JR, 1980, however, states that thinking is the

formation of ideas, remodeling experience and organizing information in a

particular form.

Should we teach students to think?

• According to Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, learn without thinking is a

futile and learn without thinking is a very dangerous thing.

Different types of Thinking

1) Critical Thinking

The convergent thinking

It involves precise, persistent, objective analysis

2) Creative Thinking

The divergent thinking

It generates something new or different

It involves having a different idea that works as well or better than previous

ideas

3) Convergent Thinking

A cognitive processing of information around a common

point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions

into a union or common conclusion

4) Divergent Thinking

Type of thinking that starts from a common point and moves

outward into a variety of perspectives

5) Inductive Thinking

The process of reasoning from parts to the whole, from

examples to generalizations

6) Deductive Thinking

Type of reasoning move from the whole to its parts, from generalizations to underlying concepts to examples.

7) Closed Questions

These are questions asked by teachers that have predictable responses.

It almost always require factual recall than higher levels of thinking

8) Open Questions

Its almost require higher order thinking

Difference

HOTS

Students solve problems using algorithmic problem solving is common, there is no justification, explanation or evidence is needed and only one answer is correct.

Recall facts, make easy operation, or solve common problems.

(LLTS)low-level Thinking Skills

Thinking skills are not using algorithms and can have many solutions.

Need to be more creative when facing a problem with having more than one solution.

Definition of HOTS

• HOTS is one of the key components in the skills of creative and critical

thinking, and it is the highest level in the hierarchy of cognitive processes.

• HOTS is thinking of not using the algorithm and can have many solutions.

These also do not think the usual way we think of solving a problem.

Why do we need HOTS?

• Allows for the interpretation and reconsideration of such information so

that other application may be used and alternative conclusions drawn

• Exposes to further fields of knowledge and know how which may again, be

transferred, reapplied and collated to create a new and improved version.

Are HOTS Important ?

• The capabilities to transfer the skills have been learned to other situations.

• Thinking skills are important in the process of enhance capabilities learning

• Students are able to apply knowledge, skills and attitudes that viewed in their life.

• Able to use the knowledge learned in a more productive.

• Develop higher-level understanding through effective questioning.

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfEU5shbmbw)

Strategies for enhancing higher

order thinkingTake the mystery away

Teach students about higher order thinking and higher order thinking strategies.

Help students understand their own higher order thinking strengths and challenges.

Teach the concept of concepts

Teachers should make sure students understand the critical features that define a

particular concept and distinguish it from other concepts.

Name key concepts

Students should be guided to identify which type(s) of concept each one is concrete,

abstract, verbal, nonverbal or process.

Categorize concepts

Students should be guided to identify important concepts and decide which

type of concept each one is (concrete, abstract, verbal, nonverbal, or

process).

Move from concrete to abstract and back

When teaching abstract concepts, the use of concrete materials can reinforce

learning for both young and old alike.

Teach Question-Answer Relationships (QARs)

The Question-Answer Relationships (QARs) technique (Raphael 1986)

teaches children to label the type of questions being asked and then to use

this information to assist them in formulating the answers.

Type Of Question

HOTS

Brainstorm Mind Map

Six Creative Ways To Brainstorm Ideashttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAidvTKX6xM

How To Draw Mindmap

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD0YaRu8EsE

Conclusion

Thinking skills are basic in the educational process. One's ability to influenced

the way students are thinking the speed and effectiveness of learning. Besides

that, the thinking skills are important to improve their knowledge learned.

An understanding associated with what is being taught will be increased

when thoughts students are challenged and given incentives to use their

minds (Philips,1997).