hospital hygiene ppt
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HOSPITAL HYGIENE
&
KRIYAKRAMAHYGIENE
DR PAvANA jMO; DAH
ASRAMAM
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CleaningOne of the most basic measures for the maintenance of hygiene, and one that is
particularly important in the hospital environment, is cleaning. The principal
aim of cleaning is to remove visible dirt. It is essentially a mechanical process:
the dirt is dissolved by water, diluted until it is no longer visible, and rinsed off.
Soaps and detergents act as solubility promoting agents.
Thorough cleaning will remove more than 90% of microorganisms. However,
careless and superfcial cleaning is much less effective; it is even possible thatit has a negative effect, by dispersing the microorganisms over a greater
surface and increasing the chance that they may contaminate other objects
Cleaning has therefore to be carried out in a standardized manner or, better, by
automated means that will guarantee an adequate level of cleanliness.
Diluting and removing the dirt also removes the breeding-ground or culturemedium for bacteria and fungi.
The effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization is increased by prior or
simultaneous cleaning
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Essentials of the standard precautions to be used in the care of all
patients
A. Hand washing
Wash hands after touching blood, secretions, excretions and contaminated items, whether or not
gloves are worn. Wash hands immediately after gloves are removed, between patient contacts.
Use a plain soap for routine hand washing.
Use an antimicrobial agent for specific circumstances.
B. Gloves
Wear gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, andcontaminated items. Put on clean gloves just before touching mucous membranes
and non-intact skin.
C. Mask, eye protection, face shield
Wear a mask and eye protection or a face shield during procedures and patient care
activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body
fluids, secretions, and excretions.
D. Gown
Wear a gown during procedures and patient-care activities that are likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
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E. Patient-care equipment
Ensure that reusable equipment is not used for the care of another patient until
it has been cleaned and reprocessed appropriately.
F. Environmental control
Ensure that the hospital has adequate procedures for the routine care, cleaning,
and disinfection of environmental surfaces.
G. Linen
Handle used linen, soiled with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions in
a manner that prevents skin and mucous membrane exposures, and that avoidstransfer of microorganisms to other patients and environments.
H. Occupational health and blood borne pathogens
Take care to prevent injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp
instruments or devices.
Use ventilation devices as an alternative to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
methods.
I. Place of care of the patient
Place a patient who contaminates the environment or who does not assist in
maintaining appropriate hygiene in an isolated (or separate) room.
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Hand hygiene
Handwashing frequently is called the single most important
measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skinmicroorganisms from one person to another or from one
site to another on the same patient. Washing hands as
promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient
contacts and after contact with blood, bodyfluids, secretions, excretions, and equipment or articles
contaminated by them is an important component of
infection control and isolation precautions.
Two categories of micro-organisms can be present onhealth care workers' hands:
transient flora
resident flora.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_flora -
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Dr. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis 1818-1865
The Savior of Mothers
It was not uncommon to have a mortality rate of up to 30%in the obstetrical wards of Europe in the mid 19th century
Semmelweiss, while working at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria,
discovered in 1847 that hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions reduced
the incidence of fatal puerperal fever from 12 percent to about 2 percent.
He came to this conclusion after observing that the incidence of puerperal
fever was over six times higher in women that had been attended to by
physicians compared to those that had been attended to by midwives or nursesat the hospital.
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When I look back upon the past, I can only dispel the sadness
which falls upon me, by gazing into that happy future whenthe infection will be banished. - Semmelweiss
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