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HONG KONG AIR CADET CORPS FOOTDRILL MANUAL

CONTENTS Chapter One INTRODUCTION - Instructional Techniques - Words of Command - Timing - Length of Pace - The Sequence of Instruction - Formation of a Squad - Parade Ground Discipline - Definitions - Bend the Knee Chapter Two STATIC MOVEMENTS - Sizing - Dressing - Blank File - The Position of Attention - at the Halt - The Position of Standing at Ease - The Position of Standing Easy - Moving Forward or Backward a Given Number of Paces - Open and Close Order - Turning at the Halt - Turning About - Left or Right Inclining - Forming Line From Threes Facing a Flank when Halted - Saluting to the Front when Halted - Saluting to the Side when Halted - Falling out and Dismissing - Moving Sideways - Adjusting on Parade Chapter Three MARCHING MOVEMENTS - Marking Time - The Quick March - Halting - Changing Direction of March - Wheeling - Compliments on the March - Turning on the March - Change Step while Marking Time and Marching - Variations in Pace - Variation in Time - Advance and Retire In Review Order Chapter Four Stick Drill - Drill Stick - Pace Stick Chapter Five THE REVIEW PARADE GROUND Chapter Six SQUADRON FORMATION - Diagram Key - Introduction - Forming Up Chapter Seven WING REVIEW - Introduction - Ceremonial Procedure - Wing Drill

HK ACC Drill Manual (Rev 1997)

Appendix A: March Discipline B: Foot on which commands are given C: General Salute D: Illustrations


HONG KONG AIR CADET CORPS FOOTDRILL MANUAL

INTRODUCTION 1. Drill is a powerful aid to discipline. It develops a sense of corporate pride, alertness, precision and readiness to obey orders instantly. Good drill in aircraft is directly fostered by the habit of drilling smartly on parade. Officers and cadets are better prepared for combat and any work they have to do - on the ground or in the air - if fit and mentally alert. Thus, smartness on parade is not only a sign of good discipline, but a basic factor in raising the standard of performance of all Service duties. 2. The immediate reaction to orders shown by highly disciplined cadets derives directly from the performance of carefully conceived close-order exercises. It is this property that will enable a unit to keep cohesion and efficiency under a strain that would normally break it, thus enhancing the fighting unit. AIM OF DRILL 3. Drill is essential to discipline all officers and members. 4. If members re-act quickly to a word of command, they will re-act quickly in times of emergency. 5. Drill teaches members to think and act in the same way. 6. It teaches members to be methodical and to be smart. 7. It would be impossible to run a large organization, without obedience to orders. 8. To be able to give words of command and to be able to react quickly and smartly to words of command gives you confidence and assurance. Then you get the mutual respect and confidence from your members. Always remember to be patient, sympathetic, and meticulous whenever you carry out drill instruction in the future. Remember also to set a good personal example in bearing and in turnout. It is our intention as well as yours to ensure that all members are smartly and correctly dressed so that they are a credit to the corps.


CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Instructional Techniques 1.1 The sequence of instruction in all drill movements is: a. Demonstration b. Explanation by the instructor c. Imitation d. Repetition by the squad 1.2 An instructor should identify himself with his squad from the very beginning. The use of words and phrases indicating any division should be avoided. He must present every goal and every difficulty as "ours". Today "we" shall do this; "we " must do that; "we" - you and I together - "we" are a team. However, every problem, difficulty and obstacle facing the squad are not the squad's - they are the instructor's. But the praises must go to the squad. 1.3 Incorrect drill movements must never be demonstrated. To repeat any incorrect movement made by a student is to emphasize it on the impressionable minds of the others. It is sufficient for a student simple to be told that he is not correct and then to be demonstrated the correct method and encouraged to imitate that correct movement. However, even a good instructor who prepares his demonstration carefully may make a mistake - perhaps a forgotten word of command, an incorrect word of command, a turn in the wrong direction. If and when it happens the instructor should stop his instruction immediately and bring his squad to a position of AT EASE and then accept responsibility. He should then instruct the squad that the move will now be repeated but this time correctly. 1.4 An instructor must never forget that he is dealing with individuals whom he is welding into a team. His own personal standards must be high, but he must remember that drills have to be learned and that the learning process varies with individuals who will have their own particular strengths and weaknesses. The degree of progress of the slowest students must be allowed for; but the progress of the squad should not be held back. The slower ones should be given individual extra tuition. 1.5 An instructor must always be in control, constantly checking, encouraging and praising; but he must be strict and firm with mistakes. However, highlighting the mistakes or inability's of any individual in the squad for the amusement of others is both demeaning and dangerous. It is not only wrong for an instructor to threaten, humiliate and embarrass; it is also destructive of the aim. No one works effectively for a bully or for a domineering, bad-tempered man. All instructors become frustrated from time to time but a good instructor never lets his frustration show. Patience and perseverance must always be maintained. 1.6 Note the following:

a. There is no such thing as an un-trainable student; there are simply instructors who do not always teach effectively.

b. A good instructor learns by teaching. Learning is finding out what one already knows; doing is the demonstration that one knows.

c. Instructing is showing others that they can do what the instructor can do if they have the determination and the application.

d. An instructor teaches best when he most needs to learn. e. We are all learners, and we are all capable of instructing. f. Of all the qualities necessary in an instructor, the most important are honesty, patience and a sense of

humour. Without these the instruction is meaningless. 1.7 Periods of instruction should be short enough to avoid the instructor or trainee becoming over tired and the squad should always be stood easy when the instructor is demonstrating or explaining. The instruction and practice should be varied in order to avoid monotony.


Words of Command 1.8 All words of command must be clear, powerful, concise, since the manner in which they are given affects the reaction of the squad. A lazy word of command produces lazy drill. 1.9 A word of command is divided into three parts:

a. INTRODUCTORY - This tells the squad what complete movement they are about to perform e.g. "Move to the right".

b. CAUTIONARY - The drawn out and loud reminder of the Squad e.g. "Right". c. EXECUTIVE - The sharp command on which the Squad acts, e.g. "Turn".

A pause is always to be made between the cautionary and executive words. 1.10 A person giving an order at the halt is to stand to attention. On the march or when marking time the executive word is to be given on the correct foot. (see Appendix B) 1.11 Instructions should be included in the cautionary phrase. For example if a movement is to be carried out BY NUMBERS as demonstrated and explained by the instructor, the words of command would be

RIGHT TURN BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) - pause - ONE (sharply) BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) - pause - TWO (sharply)

Timing 1.12 A drummer using a metronome may be used to beat the correct time. Cadets are to note the time carefully, after which they should call the time, the drummer tapping out the right timing at intervals as a check. 1.13 The correct timing is : SLOW TIME 60 paces per minute. QUICK TIME {120 paces per minute; this is STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD {equal to 90 m (100 yd) per MOVING SIDEWAYS {minute. DOUBLE TIME 180 paces per minute; this is equal to 182 m (200 yd) per minute. Length of Pace 1.14 The length of pace in marching is : STAND AT EASE 30 cm (12 in) MOVING SIDEWAYS 30 cm (12 in) - Max. 5 paces CHECKING FORWARD MOTION 38 cm (15 in) STEPPING SHORT 53 cm (21 in) SLOW MARCH 75 cm (30 in) QUICK MARCH 75 cm (30 in) STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD 75 cm (30 in) - Max. 5 paces STEPPING OUT 83 cm (33 in) DOUBLE MARCH 100 cm (40 in) Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their discretion. If cadets are unable to reach 75 cm (30 in) paces then the length of pace must be adjusted to their capability. However, the correct timing must be retained, whatever the length of pace.


The Sequence of Instruction 1.15 Having placed the squad in the most suitable formation and location, use the following sequence of instruction.

a. State simply the aim of the drill period - i.e. What you are going to teach ? b. Always explain why it is necessary to learn the movement. c. Demonstrate the complete movement shouting out the words of command and then demonstrate and

explain the first part of the movement pointing out important details. Ask the squad after each demonstration if they have any questions.

d. Practice the squad in the first movement, first as a squad, then individually and finally as a squad

(correcting faults all the time). e. After they have mastered it, and you the instructor are satisfied, relax the squad in the first movement

then proceed to demonstrate and explain the second movement and practice the squad in it. f. Having demonstrated, practiced and mastered both movements, checking faults, question and squad to

ensure that all is clear. Finally practice the squad in all movements together, judging the time.

Formation of a Squad 1.16 Bear three factors in mind :

a. The comfort of the squad. Make sure they are not looking into the sun nor into the teeth of a strong wind.

b. At the commencement of a drill period, a squad will fall-in in three ranks on its right marker. If a squad

is fewer than nine persons, they have be formed up in two ranks. The drill movements are the same except that persons will march in column of twos in stead of column of threes.

c. The formation in which they will learn most quickly. Here is a small guide.

LESSON TEACHING FORMATION ____________________________________________________________________________________ Static Straight Line or three sides of a square Movements / Marching * * * * * * * * * * * * Movements X * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * X * _____________________________________________________________________________________ Saluting at Three ranks, open order inclined the Halt * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * X * * * * * * * * * * * * * Note : a: X is an instructor b: Three sides of a squad are named instructional box


Parade Ground Discipline 1.17 At the commencement of any parade or drill lessons, trainees should fall in at the designed places. 1.18 Fall in three ranks and be in the position of "Stand-At-Ease". 1.19 On the arrival of instructor(s), the right marker of the squad, if more than one squad, the right marker of the senior squad, will stand to attention and will give the command "Parade / Squad, ATTENTION" and the squad will stand to attention and remain in the position of ATTENTION until the command "STAND-AT-EASE" is given by an instructor. 1.20 Slouching, taking, laughing, giggling or making funny face etc. is strictly prohibited. 1.21. Wearing of sun-glasses, watches, rings, necklaces, gloves etc. is not allowed, exposure of any pen and any other article is also prohibited while training. 1.22 Be alert-minded at all times. 1.23 Every movement is to be performed sharply and diligently. 1.24 Complete silence is to be maintained throughout the drill session or parade unless a reply is required by an instructor. 1.25 Stand to attention before answering or asking questions. 1.26 When reporting to an instructor or senior, he will halt three paces in front of the instructor or senior, salute and step one pace forward. On conclusion, step one pace backward, salute, turn about and march off. 1.27 Always look to the front except when taking up dressing or saluting to the right/left, or when demonstration is being given by the instructor to the squad. 1.28 No one will leave his position without the permission of an instructor in all circumstances. 1.29 When permission is given for the squad to adjust uniform etc. all movements should be done as quickly as possible. 1.30 Whenever an instructor or any distinguished visitor is passing by in the absence of an instructor, the right marker of the squad, or if more than one squad, the right marker of the senior squad will stand to attention and give the command "Parade/Squad, ATTENTION". After the instructor or the distinguished visitor has left, he will give the command "Parade/Squad, STAND-AT-EASE". 1.31 After being dismissed, leave the parade ground at once.


Definitions Alignment Any straight line on which a body of men is

formed, or is to form. Column Units in parallel and successive alignments at a

distance from one another equal to their own frontage.

Close Column of Flights A squadron with its flights in line on parallel and

successive alignments at a fixed distance. Close Column of Squadrons A wing with its squadrons in line on parallel and

successive alignments at a fixed distance. Close Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks,

one behind the other, at a distance of one pace of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are termed the "front rank", "centre rank" and "rear rank", each man in the centre and rear rank covering the corresponding man in the front rank.

Close Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one

behind the other, at a distance of two paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are termed the "front rank" and "rear rank" and each man in the rear rank covers the corresponding man in the front rank.

Column of Threes A succession of men standing side by side in

threes, covering. Column of Twos A succession of men standing side by side in

twos, covering. Column of Route A column of threes with not more than three men

abreast in any part of the column, including officers and supernumeraries. The normal formation for men marching on a road.

Covering The act of covering one or more men or formed

bodies to be placed directly in rear of another. Depth The space occupied from front to rear by a body

of men. Directing Flank The flank by which units march and dress. Direction of Unit The squadron, flight or file responsible for

maintaining direction in a drill movement. Distance The space between men or units measured from

front to rear, measured from heel to heel. In the case of units it is measured from the heels of the front rank of one unit to the heels of the front rank of the next unit.

Dismiss The order to dismiss implies completion of the

parade and personnel are to disperse to the next duty or off duty, as required.


Drill The means whereby a body of men is controlled and directed efficiently, through the executive command of one man, towards the attainment of the aim.

Fall Out The order to fall out is to facilitate dispersal from

formal formation, to attend to a task or to rest, prior to being required to fall in again.

File Any man of the front rank together with the man

or men immediately behind him. Flight A sub-unit, two or more of which comprise a

squadron. (Equates in size approximately to a naval or army platoon).

Front The direction in which men or units are facing or

moving at any given time. Frontage The extent of ground covered laterally by a body

or bodies of men. Incline The movement by which direction is faced or

gained to the front and flank simultaneously. In File A succession of men formed up in pairs,

covering. In Single File A succession of single men formed up, covering. Interval The lateral space between men or units on the

same alignment measured between adjacent flanks.

Left File An even-number file. Line Men or units formed on the same alignment. Line of Squadrons in Close Column of Flights A wing with its squadrons in close column of

flights at ten paces interval between squadrons. Marker An NCO or man placed in position to mark a

point where the flank of a squad or unit is to rest. Open Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one

behind the other, at a distance of four paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks.

Open Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks,

one behind the other, at a distance of three paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks.

Out Flank The opposite flank to the inner, or directing flank. Parade A formation of two or more units. Pivot Flank The flank on which unit pivots when changing

direction. Pivot Guide A guide on a pivot flank of a unit. Rank A line of men formed up side by side.


Review A ceremonial parade mounted for the specific purpose of honouring a particular distinguished person.

Right File An odd-number file. Section A sub-division of a flight (especially RAF

Regiment). Squad A small body of men formed for drill or working

party. Squadron A unit consisting of two or more flights

(sub-units); (equates in size approximately with a naval or army company).

Sub-unit The smallest body of men under their own officer

or NCO commander, as part of a unit. Supernumerary Rank An extra rank composed of supernumerary

officer or SNCOs. The supernumerary rank of NCOs will be two paces of 75 cm (30 in) to the rear of the rear rank. That of officers will be three paces of 75 cm (30 in) in the rear of the rear rank.

To Cant To incline or tilt an object; to set at an angle. To Dress To take up a correct alignment. Unit A group of two or more sub-units under a

commander. Unit of Formation The expression used in drill to describe the

squadron or flight on which a change of formation is based.

Wheeling A movement by which a body of men bring

forward a flank on a fixed or moving pivot. Wing A formation consisting of two or more squadrons

or units (equates in size approximately with a naval division or army battalion).


BENDING THE KNEE 1.32 Emphasis has now changed and one particular movement in foot drill, to be described as "bend the knee", will frequently form part of a sequence. Bend the knee 1.33 "Bend the knee" should be demonstrated to trainees before embarking on drill training. 1.34 In "bend the knee", while one leg is kept braced back with the foot flat on the ground, the opposite leg is raised in front of the body, with the knee bent. The foot is to hang naturally, with the toes directly under the knee. The leg should be raised so that the thigh is horizontal. The leg is then to be straightened and the foot driven to the ground so that on contact the ball of the foot and heel reach the ground at the same time. The whole movement is to be completed swiftly and smoothly, but exaggerated stamping can be injurious and is to be avoided. 1.35 Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their discretion. If any female trainee is unable to raises her thigh horizontally, then the height must be adjusted to her capability. (Fig 1A and B)

(Fig 1A) (Fig 1B)


CHAPTER 2 STATIC MOVEMENT

Sizing 2.1 The squad commander selects the tallest cadet and stands him one pace in front of the squad commander and then gives the order

Cadet ( Name ) as - MARKER

the appointed cadet comes out, stands in front of the squad commander. 2.2 The squad commander gives the words of command of sizing now,

SQUAD, ATTEN - TION TALLEST ON THE RIGHT, SHORTEST ON THE LEFT,

IN SINGLE RANK - SIZE

whereupon the remaining cadets are to turn to the left, break ranks and fall in, in single rank, according to size, on the left of the selected cadet, dressing without interval. 2.3 The squad commander then gives the order

SQUAD - NUMBER

and cadets are to turn their head and eyes smartly to the right. The right marker is to start the numbering by calling out "ONE", the next cadet on his left is to turn his head to the front whilst calling out "TWO" and so on. The last one finishes with the word "SIR". The squad commander then orders

ODD NUMBERS STAND FAST, EVEN NUMBERS, TWO PACES STEP BACKWARD - MARCH

the odd numbers are to stand fast and the even numbers are to take two paces backward, then the appointed marker can stand still on the right of the front rank. On the command

NUMBER ONE STAND FAST, RANKS, RIGHT AND LEFT - TURN

the odd numbers, with the exception of No 1 are to turn to the right and the even numbers are to turn to the left. On the command

FORM SQUAD, QUICK - MARCH

cadets, with the exception of No 1 are to step off, the even numbers wheeling to the right and following the left-hand cadet of the odd numbers rank. No 3 is to halt one pace in rear of the No 1; No 5 is to halt one pace in rear of No 3; No 7 is to be to the left of No 1; No 9 in the rear of No 7 and so on. Cadets, on reaching their places, are to turn to their left and take up their dressing by the right respectively.


(Fig 2A)

(Fig 2B)


Dressing 2.4 The squad commander then gives the order

SQUAD, RIGHT - DRESS

whereupon each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head and eyes smartly to the right. Cadets in the front rank are to raise their right arms without bending the elbows, and make it horizontally, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward with the knuckles touching the cadet immediately on their right. After this movement there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) and then each cadet is to take up his dressing in line by moving with short quick paces until he is able to see the lower part of the face of the second man beyond him. The shoulders are to be kept square to the front without bending the body or head forward or backward. Cadets in the centre and rear ranks are to cover those in the front rank at one pace (heel-to-heel) distance, this distance being measured by the right-hand cadet of the centre and rear ranks. Who at the same time as the first file, also raise their right arms horizontally, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward and square to the front. (Figs. 2A and B) Timing - UP * PAUSE * DRESSING 2.5 On the command

EYES - FRONT

each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head smartly to the front. All those with raised arms are to bring their arms smartly to their sides without bending their elbows or striking their thighs, thereby resuming the correct position of attention. Timing - ONE 2.6 If it were necessary to LEFT DRESS then exactly the same procedure would be followed except that the left arms are to raised and cadets are to turn their heads and eyes to the left. 2.7 Each individual cadet is responsible for his correct dressing on parade. This applies during all parade movements. Cadets must therefore get used to this dressing and maintain it while marching and manoeuvring. 2.8 Dressing is made without intervals when space is limited when, say, an address is to be given or on some other special occasions. On the command

WITHOUT INTERVALS, RIGHT - DRESS

the general procedure is the same as given as the right dress, except that the arms of the front rank are not to be fully extended. Instead, the clenched hand is to be rested on the person's own right hip at belt level, with the back of the hand towards the body, thumb to the rear. The bent elbow is to just touch the left arm of the person to the right. Timing - UP * PAUSE * DRESSING Blank File

6 8 13 7 1 4 12 9 3 2 10 11 5

The about situation is for short TWO cadets, e.g. thirteen cadets to form a squad. 6 10 13 7 1 4 14 9 3 2 8 12 11 5

The about situation is for short ONE cadet, e.g. fourteen cadets to form a squad. 2.9 The squad commander should direct cadets to stand their appropriate position during they are forming

a squad. The number 1 is the tallest or the appointed one, the last number is the shortest one.


(Fig 3A)

(Fig 3B)


(Fig 4A)

(Fig 4B)


(Fig 5)

(Fig 6A) (Fig 6B)


The Position of Attention - At the Halt 2.10 Stand with the heels together; the feet turned outwards at an angle of approximately 45 degrees; the knees braced; the body erect; the weight balanced evenly between the balls of the feet and the heels; the arms straight and held to the sides with the forearms tucked in behind the hip bone and the wrists straight; the hands closed with the thumbs vertical and facing to the front and the backs of the fingers touching the thighs just on the side seam of the trousers; the shoulders held down and back to bring the chest to a normal position without straining or stiffening. The head held up with the neck touching the back of the collar and the eyes open, still, and looking just above their own height, the chin tucked in and the mouth closed. 2.11 The cautionary word of command is ATTEN-and the executive part is-TION which is pronounced SHUN. Thus, on the executive part of the word of command. (Figs. 3A & B)

ATTEN - TION

Timing - ONE The Position of Standing at Ease 2.12 Keeping the right foot still and leg braced back, bend the left knee and drive the left foot to the ground twelve inches to the left of the right foot. Bend the left knee, one particular movement of foot drill. In this movement while leg is raised in front of the body with the knee bent. The foot is to hang naturally with the thigh horizontally from the ground. At the same time force the arms behind the back by the shortest route, keeping them straight, place the back of the right hand in the palm of the left hand, with the right thumb crossed over the left thumb and the fingers straight and together. At the same time transfer the weight of the body to the left so that it remains evenly balanced. The distance of twelve inches is measured from the centre of the right heel to the centre of the left heel. The word "Ease" is very hard to shout, because of the "E" - so you are allowed to pronouce it as "AISE". (Figs. 4A and B) On the executive word of command

STAND AT - EASE

Timing - ONE The Position of Standing Easy 2.13 On the command stand-EASY the limbs, head and body may be moved, but not the feet. If the feet are moved when in formation the dressing may be lost. Slouching, talking and unnecessary movement are not to be allowed. 2.14 Personnel standing easy are to assume the position of Stand at Ease as soon as a cautionary word of command is given, so as to be ready to carry out the next command. 2.15 On the command atten - TION while keeping the right foot still and the leg braced, bend the left knee and bring the left foot smartly into a position beside the right. At the same time pull the arms to the sides by the shortest route. Moving Forward or Backward a Given Number of Paces 2.16 Paces forward and to the rear help to teach a cadet balance. These movements must be mastered thoroughly before any attempt is made to go on to such movements as open or close order march. 2.17 A formation may be moved forward or backward a maximum of five paces. This movement is to be used only when it is necessary for cadet to be moved forward or backward a short distance onto a marker or alignment.


2.18 On the command

FIVE PACES STEP FORWARD (or BACKWARD) - MARCH the formation is to move forward (or backward) the number of paces ordered, starting with the left foot. Arms are to be kept steady at the sides throughout the movements and the whole movement is carried out in quick time. Timing - ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * CHECK (Note: During this movement and depending upon the number of paces ordered, the final move will be with either the right on odd numbers or left on even numbers foot coming to "bend the knee" before rest beside the other.) Open and Close Order 2.19 Open Order is used for inspections and for practising drill movements. On the command

OPEN ORDER - MARCH

The front rank is to take two paces forward and the rear rank two paces backward. Timing - ONE * ONE * TWO 2.20 Conversely, on the command

CLOSE ORDER - MARCH

The front rank is to take two paces backward and the rear rank two paces forward. Timing - ONE * ONE * TWO 2.21 When in two ranks, the front rank only moves on each occasion. (Note: During these movements, the arms are held steady at the sides.) Turning at the Halt 2.22 The detail for turning (and inclining) to the left is the same as for movements to the right, except that the word 'left' is to be substituted for the word 'right'. 2.23 During all turning movements the arms are to kept close to the sides as for the position of Attention. 2.24 Turning at the halt is divided into two movements. Right - TURN, On the command

MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT - TURN

a. First Movement. A turn is to be made to the right, through 90 degrees, on the right heel and left toes by raising the left heel and right toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the right foot is to be flat on the ground and the left heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the right foot.

b. Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time, bend the left knee and resume the

position of Attention in the new direction. (Fig. 5)

Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO Turning about 2.25 The About Turn is always to be made by turning to the right, unless specially detailed otherwise for certain instances. The About Turn is also carried out in two movements. On the command

ABOUT - TURN

a. First Movement. A movement is made similar to that of the first movement for a right turn except that the turn is to be to the rear (180 degrees).


b. Second Movement. As for the second movement for the right turn. (Figs. 6A & B) Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO Left or Right Inclining 2.26 Inclining is similarly carried out in two movements. Either Left/Right Inclining. On the command

INCLINING, RIGHT IN – CLINE

a. First Movement. A movement is made similar to that of the first movement for a right turn, except that the turn is to be made to the half right (45 degrees).

b. Second Movement. As for the second movement for the right turn. (Note: During these movements, the arms are held steady at the sides)

Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO Forming Line From Threes Facing a Flank When Halted 2.27 When a squad in column of threes (or in column of route) is halted, "in line" formation can be obtained as follows. On the command

INTO LINE, LEFT (or RIGHT) - TURN

each cadet of the squad is to turn in the direction indicated. Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO Saluting to the Front when Halted 2.28 Saluting to the front when halted is carried out in two movements. On the command

TO THE FRONT - SALUTE

a. First Movement. The right hand is to be brought smartly, with a circular motion, to the side of the head. The palm of the hand is to be to the front with the thumb and fingers fully extended and held closed together. The forefinger is to be placed 2 cm (1 in) behind and to the right of the right eye. The wrist is to be straight and the elbow in line and square with the right shoulder.

b. Second movement. After a pause equal to two paces in quick time, the right arm is to be brought smartly

down to the side by the shortest way, resuming the position of Attention, without striking the thigh. (Fig. 7)

Timing - UP * TWO THREE * DOWN Saluting to the Side when Halted 2.29 Saluting to the side when Halted is similarly carried out in two movements. On the command

TO THE LEFT / RIGHT - SALUTE

a. First Movement. A movement is made similar to that of the first movement for saluting to the front except that at the same time the head and eyes are to be turned sharply in the direction ordered.

b. Second Movement. In this case a pause equal to four paces in quick time is to be observed before the

movements returning the hand to the side and the head and eyes to the front. (Figs. 8A and B) (Note: During these movements, the left arm held steady at the side.) Timing - UP * TWO THREE FOUR FIVE * DOWN


(Fig 7)

(Fig 8A) (Fig 8B)


Falling Out and Dismissing 2.30 On the command

FALL - OUT

the personnel make a right incline, and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time, march off individually to where they have been instructed to go. (Notes: 1. The order to Fall Out is to facilitate dispersal from formal formation, to attend to a task or to rest, prior to being required to fall in again. 2. There is no salute during the Fall Out.) Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD 2.31 On the command

DISS - MISS

the same action is to be taken as the fall out. Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD 2.32 If an officer(s) is/are present the order to be given will be

OFFICER ON PARADE, DISS - MISS

whereupon the individuals make the right incline, pause (equal to one pace in quick time), salute to their front for a pause equal to two paces in quick time, bring the arms down and, after a further pause equal to one pace in quick time, march off individually. Timing - ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * UP * TWO THREE * DOWN * PAUSE * FORWARD Moving Sideways 2.33 A formation may be moved sideways a maximum of five paces. This movement is to be used only when it is necessary for personnel to be moved to the left or right to adjust over a short distance to a given point or marker. 2.34 On the command

FIVE PACES, RIGHT / LEFT CLOSE – MARCH

the right/left foot is to be placed 30 cm (12 in) to the right/left and the other foot brought up to it in quick time. The necessary number of paces are to be completed in this manner without a pause. Shoulders are to be kept square to the front and arms are held steady at the sides. Each knee is to be bent sufficiently and the thigh is to raised horizontally. The whole movement should be carried out in quick time. (Figs. 9A and B) Timing - ONE * CHECK * TWO * CHECK * THREE * CHECK * FOUR * CHECK * FIVE * CHECK Adjusting on Parade 2.35 A cadet told to adjust equipment or part of her/his dress during an inspection is not to do so whilst in the

position of Attention, but is to place her/his right foot twelve inches to the rear and make the necessary adjustments after which she/he is resume the position of Attention. (Figs. 10A snd B)


(Fig 9A)

(Fig 9B)


(Fig 10A)

(Fig 10B)


Forming Two Ranks from Three 2.36 On the Command

Squad, FORM TWO – RANK

a. Odd numbers of the centre rank are to take a pace to the left with the left foot, a pace forward with the right foot, bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to assume the position of Attention, standing in the front rank.

b. At the same time the even numbers of the centre rank are take a pace to the left with the left foot, a pace

to the rear with the right foot, bend the left knee and bring the left foot the right to assume the position of Attention, standing in the rear rank.

c. If there is a blank file in the centre rank, the last man of that rank may in the interval of the rear rank, i.e.

if an odd number file, he will act as an even number. In the case of a squad with even number of men in the front rank and no centre and rear rank man in the blank file, the last man of the centre rank will act as even number.

On completion of the movement, the squad is to be dressed (usually without intervals). Timing – ONE * ONE * TWO

5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 (situation 1) (situaton 2)

5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 6 4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 (situation 3) (situation 4) X X X X X X Two ranks formation (blank file) X X X X X

Returning to Three Ranks from Two 2.37 On the Command

Squad, FORM THREE – RANK

a. The odd numbers of the original centre rank are to take a pace to the rear with the left foot, a pace to the right with the right foot, bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of Attention in the centre rank.

b. At the same time, the even numbers of the original centre rank are to take a pace forward with the left

foot, a pace with the right foot, bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of Attention in the rear rank.

On completion of the movement, the squad is to be dressed (see Chepter 2, 2.4).

Timing – ONE * ONE * TWO


CHAPTER 3 MARCHING MOVEMENTS

Marking Time 3.1 On the command

MARK - TIME

each person is to mark time in quick time (120 paces per min.) starting with the left foot. When marking time, each foot is to be raised alternately without moving forward or backward. Each foot, as it is raised, is to be pointed downwards and the leg (bend the knee) is to be perpendicular to the ground. The arms are to be kept steady at the side of the body during this movement. Timing - LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT 3.2 While quick marching, on the command

MARK – TIME

(given on the left heel) as with the halt, the pace is to be completed with the right foot; the next pace with the left foot is to be used to check the forward motion (15 in) and the marking time is to commence with the right foot. Timing - ONE * ONE * RIGHT * LEFT * RIGHT 3.3 On the command

SQUAD - HALT

(given on the left foot) the right foot is to be brought smartly down into position beside the left and all movement ceases at the position of Attention. Timing - ONE 3.4 While marking time, on the command

FOR - WARD

(given on the left foot) the movement of the right foot is to be completed and the quick march resumed, starting with the left foot. Timing - Check * FORWARD The Quick March 3.5 On the command

QUICK - MARCH

the left foot is to be advanced evenly to complete a pace of 75 cm (30 in). The foot is to meet the ground with the heel. During this movement the rear knee is to be braced. The arms are to be as straight as their natural bend will allow; the wrists are to be straight; and the fingers are to be slightly clenched with the thumb to the front, on top and touching the forefinger. The right arm is to swing forward in line with the shoulder and the left arm is to swing to the rear as far as possible without contorting the body. The forward movement is to be continued in quick time (120 paces per min.). The legs are to swing forward freely and naturally from the hip. Each leg as it swings forward is to be bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground. (Figs. 11A and B) Timing - LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT


(Fig 11A)

(Fig 11B)


Halting 3.6 On the command

SQUAD - HALT

which is given when the left heel strikes the ground, a pace is to be completed with the right foot, reversing the arm swing; the next pace, of only 38 cm (15 in) by the left foot, is to be used to check the forward motion, after which bend the right knee and place the right foot smartly down in line with the left; at the same time, the arms are to be brought to the sides. All movement ceases at the position of Attention. Timing - ONE * ONE * TWO Changing Direction of March – Wheeling 3.7 Wheeling is a method by which a body of men with a frontage of not more than six ranks or files, may change direction, whilst retaining dressing within these ranks or files. 3.8 When a squad is marching in column of threes (or column of route) they change direction by "wheeling". On the command

CHANGE DIRECTION, RIGHT (or LEFT) - WHEEL

Fig. 12 Right wheel

the inner file of the squad is turn to move around on the arc of a circle [radius 1.4 m (4 ft.)] and step short six paces of 30 cm (12 in) to enable the other two persons of the file to wheel with him (Fig. 12). The outer and centre files are to keep pace by stepping out. The squad changes direction through 90 degrees by lengthening their paces; without losing their interval or dressing. Those behind the leading rank or file will follow on covering the same ground. When wheeling, the arms are to be kept on swinging. A squad marching forward in column “wheels” to the right (or left) to change direction in which case each member of the formation wheels when he reaches the appropriate position. 3.9 If it is desired to wheel through more than a right angle, the word of command "Right/Left - Wheel" will be given a second time. 3.10. When a squad is required to wheel at an angle less than a complete right or left wheel, the command

FOR - WARD

is to be given when the leading line of three is facing in the required direction.


3.11 When a squad is ordered to halt or mark time and only part of it has wheeled in the new direction, the command

REAR FILES - COVER

is to be given. The lines of three which have not wheeled are to cover those lines of three that have wheeled and are to move to their places by the shortest route. Compliments On the March 3.12 Although cadets marching in formations are ordered to salute by turning eyes right or left, there are many other occasions on which individual cadets or cadets in small groups are required to give standard right hand salutes when on the march. There are:

a. Saluting to the Front. On the march, saluting to the front accustoms cadets to approach officers correctly (the timing between the two salutes given on these occasions representing the delivery or receipt of a message). Thus, on the command

TO THE FRONT - SALUTE

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, cadets are to halt, observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) and then salute to the front. After completing the salute, cadets are to observe a pause equal to four paces in quick time (two seconds) and then salute for the second time. After the second salute cadets are to observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second), turn about, observe another pause equal to one pace in quick time, (half a second) and then start marching (starting with the left foot). Timing - ONE * ONE * TWO * PAUSE * UP * TWO THREE * DOWN * ONE TWO THREE FOUR *

UP * TWO THREE * DOWN * PAUSE * ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD

b. Saluting to the Right(or Left). On the march, this salute accustoms individual cadet or small group of cadets to salute officers correctly when passing them. Thus, on the command

TO THE RIGHT (or LEFT) - SALUTE

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, a full forward pace with the right foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side. When the left foot again touches the ground, the head is to be turned smartly in the direction ordered and the salute is to be given. After marching four paces at the salute, the right arm is to be brought to the side and the head turned to the front as the right foot comes to the ground. During the salute the left arm is to be kept steady at the side. The normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with the left foot. (Figs. 13A and B) Timing - CHECK * UP * TWO THREE FOUR FIVE * DOWN * SWING

c. An Officer Passing Your Front. This salute accustoms cadet to salute correctly when officer(s) is/are crossing their line of approach. Thus, on the command

AN OFFICER PASSING YOUR FRONT - SALUTE

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, a full forward pace with the right foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side and when the left foot again touches the ground the salute is to be given; after marching four paces at the salute, the right arm is to be brought to the side as the right foot comes to the ground. During the salute the left arm is to be kept steady at the side. After the salute the normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with the left foot. (Fig. 14A and B) Timing - CHECK * UP * TWO THREE FOUR FIVE * DOWN * SWING


(Fig 13A) (Fig 13B)

(Fig 14A) (Fig 14B)


3.13 Eyes Right(or Left). When marching in formed bodies under command, personnel are required to pay compliments by turning the head and eyes to the right or left. Officers/NCO's in command of units on the march requiring to salute as a unit, are to give their orders on the successive left foot steps (and to co-ordinate their own salutes) so that smooth action results. Thus, on the command

EYES - RIGHT( or LEFT)

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, a full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot, and when the left foot again strikes the ground the head and eyes are to be turned smartly in the direction ordered. The arms are to be continue to swing in the normal manner. Timing - CHECK * TURN 3.14 Eyes Front. Similarly on the command

EYES - FRONT

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, a full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot, the head and eyes are to be returned smartly to the front as the left foot next strikes the ground. Timing - CHECK * TURN Turning on the March 3.15 Note the difference between "changing direction" and "turning" as shown in Figs. 15A and B. Note also:

a. That during all turning movements, the arms are to be kept close to the sides as for the position of attention.

b. The details for turning to the right and inclining to the right are the same as for movements to the left,

except that the word 'right' is to be substituted for the word 'left'.

Fig. 15A, Squad Turning from Column to Line Formation

Fig. 15B, Squad Wheeling to Change Direction Right while Remaining in Column


(Fig 16A) (The Second Movement - L)

(Fig 16B) (The Final Movement - V)


3.16 Right Turn on the March. On the command

MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT - TURN

which is to be given when the left heel strikes the ground, a full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the body, and a turn to the right is to be made by turning the left foot diagonally to the right and placing it on the ground about 8 cm (3 in) in front of the right toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot and the body turned to the right (i.e. through 90 degrees). The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the right foot. Timing - CHECK * TURN * FORWARD (Note: Detail for movements to the left is the same except that the word 'right' should be read for 'left', and the executive word of command should be given on the opposite heel strikes the ground.) 3.17 Turning Incline on the March. On the command

MOVE TO THE LEFT, LEFT IN - CLINE

which is given when the right heel strikes the ground, a full forward pace is to be completed with the left foot, then the following movement is to be carried out in the same manner as for the left turn except that only half a turn is to be made (i.e. through 45 degrees). Timing - CHECK * TURN * FORWARD (Note: Detail for movements to the right is the same except that the word 'left' should be read for 'right', and the executive word of command should be given on the opposite heel strikes the ground). 3.18 Turning About on the March. On the command

ABOUT – TURN

which is given when the left heel strikes the ground, a full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the body and the body is then to be turned about to the right (i.e. through 180 degrees) by marking time for three beats in quick time, turning the body progressively with each beat. Marching in quick time is then to be resumed with the right foot and left arm. (Figs. 16A and B) Timing - CHECK * T * L * V * FORWARD Change Step while Marking Time and Marching 3.19 Changing Step when Marking Time. On the command

CHANGE - STEP

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, two successive movements are to be completed with the right foot; marking time is then restarted with the left foot. Timing - RIGHT * RIGHT * LEFT 3.20 Changing Step on the March. On the command

CHANGE - STEP

which is to be given when the right heel strikes the ground, a further step is to be completed with the left foot and the hollow of the instep of the right foot is to be shot to the heel of the left foot, and checking the arms into the side of the body, causing a momentary pause in forward motion. The left foot is then to be shot forward resuming the arms swing, and though the step is changed, the timing is not lost. Timing - LEFT * CHECK * LEFT


Variations in Pace 3.21 Stepping Out. On the command

STEP - OUT

which is to be given when the left heel strikes the ground, a further pace is to be completed with the right foot after which the pace is to be lengthened to 85 cm (33 in) starting with the left foot, without altering the marching time. (This step is used when a slight increase in speed is required without altering the time.) Timing - STEP * OUT 3.22 To return to the shorter normal pace, on the command

QUICK - MARCH

which is to be given when the left heel strikes the ground, a further pace of 85 cm (33 in) is to be completed with the right foot after which the pace is to be shortened to the normal 75 cm (30 in), starting with the left foot. Timing - QUICK * MARCH 3.23 Stepping Short. On the command

STEP - SHORT

which is to be given when the left heel strikes the ground, a further pace of 75 cm (30 in) is to be completed with the right foot, after which the pace is to be shortened to 53 cm (21 in) starting with the left foot, without altering the marching time. (This step is to be used when a slight decrease in speed is required without altering the time.) Timing - STEP * SHORT 3.24 To return to the longer normal pace, on the command

QUICK - MARCH

which is to be given when the left heel strikes the ground, a further pace of 53 cm (21 in) is to be completed with the right foot, after which the pace is to be lengthened to the normal 75 cm (30 in), starting with the left foot. Timing - QUICK * MARCH 3.25 Double March. On the command

DOUBLE - MARCH

a. Step off with the left foot on a pace of 100 cm (40 in) in 1/3rd of a second. The foot is to meet the ground on the toes.

b. With the body inclined slightly forward, but maintaining the correct carriage as at attention. The arms

are to be bent at the elbow, the forearm forming an angle of about 90 degrees with the upper arm. The double march is a march on the toes with easy swinging strides. The feet are raised a few inches from the ground during each pace, and the thigh, knee and ankle joints are to work freely without stiffness. The whole body is to be carried forward without unnecessary effort, by a push from the rear foot. The shoulders are to be kept steady and square to the front. The head is to be erect. Timing - LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT


3.26 Halt from the Double March. On the command

SQUAD - HALT (DOUBLE TIME)

which is to be given when the left foot strikes the ground, the forward movement of the body is to be checked in three paces, during which the right foot is to be brought up finally in line with the left foot (all in double time). At the same time the arms are brought to the sides. All movement ceases at the position of attention. Timing - ONE * ONE * TWO 3.27 Slow March. On the command

SLOW - MARCH

a. The left foot is to be advanced evenly but slowly to complete a pace of 75 cm (30 in) in one second. The foot is to be turned outward at the same angle as when halted, with the foot stretched and the toes pointed towards the ground. (Figs. 19A and B)

b. The arms and hands are to be kept steady at the sides. Without pause a similar pace is to be taken with

the right foot and the forward movement continued in slow time. The body is to be well balanced over the thighs. Each leg, as it swings forward, is to be bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground. The whole process is to be a smooth continuous succession of movements.

Timing - LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT 3.28 Halt from the Slow March. On the command

SQUAD - HALT (SLOW TIME)

which is given when the right foot strikes the ground, a forward pace of 38 cm (5 in) is taken with the left foot and used to check the forward motion. Bend the right knee and the right foot is then to be stopped smartly in line with the left foot and all movement finishes at the position of attention. Timing - ONE * TWO Variation in Time 29. Most types of march begin from and end with the halt but there are variations in which slow march can be changed into quick march and quick march into double march and versa on the commands as follows: Word of Command Time When Executive Command is given Break into double time - From Quick Time When the right heel strikes the ground. Double March Break into quick time - From Double Time When the right foot strikes the ground. Quick March Checked into two paces. The first pace in quick time begin on the left foot. Break into quick time - From Slow Time When the right foot strikes the ground. Quick March Break into slow time - From Quick Time When the left heel strikes the ground. Slow March Advance and Retire In Review Order 3.30 Line is the basic formation in Ceremonial Drill. At the conclusion of large ceremonial parades normally an Advance In Review Order takes place. The whole parade marches forward straight to the front, halting on the fifteen paces. The next command will in all cases be the compliment of a "General Salute". Before carrying out this movement, the parade must be properly "dressed". When marching, the "Dressing" will be kept by the centre flight in each column.


3.31 The parade in "Close Order" formation will be formed up in columns in the direction facing the saluting dais.

On the command

PARADE WILL ADVANCE IN REVIEW ORDER, BY THE CENTRE, QUICK - MARCH

Timing - 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 * HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO 3.32 During the rehearsal, the Retire will be given when advance in line is not successful. Firstly, order all flights to turn about from facing the dais and order "Parade will Return", i.e. all flights march fifteen paces and back to their original position. Then, order the parade to face to the dais again. On the command

PARADE WILL RETIRE, BY THE CENTRE, QUICK - MARCH

Timing - 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 *11 * 12 * HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO


CHAPTER 4 Stick Drill

Drill Stick The Position of Attention 4.1 On coming to Attention, the same movement is carried out as described in HK ACC Drill Manual Chap 2 excepted that the arms do not move from the positions descried as the above paragraph. The Position of Stand at Ease 4.2 The position of Stand at Ease is described in HK ACC Drill Manual Chap 2 excepted that the Stick is to be carried horizontally under the left armpit. It is to be held firmly at the point of balance between the upper arm and body and gripped between the thumb and fingers of the left hand, back of the hand outwards, fingers and thumb straight. The right arm is to remain straight at the side. Turning when Halted 4.3 As for HK ACC Drill Manual Chap 2 but keeping the arms in the positions described in para 2 above. The Drill Stick is to be grasped vertically in the left hand (point downwards) as the first and second movements, the drill stick to be grasped horizontally as the third movement Saluting when Halted 4.4 As for HK ACC Drill Manual Chap 2 but in addition the left hand maintains the grip as described in para 2 above. Quick March 4.5 The person is to step off as described in HK ACC Drill Manual Chap 3. The Drill Stick may maintain at the left armpit. Only the right arm to be swung. The Halt 4.6 The Drill Stick is to be held at the left armpit, the right arm should be cut smartly at the last movement. Slow March 4.7 When marching in slow time, the stick is to be held as described in para 2 above. Double Time 4.8 The Drill Stick is to be grasped vertically in the left hand (point downwards). Turning on the March 4.9 The Drill Stick is to be held at the left armpit, the right arm should be cut smartly at the appropriate movement. Saluting on the March 4.10 Saluting to the Front The person is to halt as described in para 6 above to assume the position of Attention. After a pause, a salute to the front is to be made. When marching is resumed, the stick is performed as described in para 5 above. 4.11 Saluting to the Side The Drill Stick may maintain at the left armpit. The correct movement is to be made by the right hand. Ordering Compliments on the March 4.12 The Drill Stick may maintain at the left armpit. The correct movement is to be made by the right hand.


Pace Stick Introduction 4.13 This chapter has been arranged primarily for the use of Drill Instructors and deals with all drill movements with the pace stick. Where Drill varies in different Arms, the detail of march discipline, carriage of the body and length of pace is applicable to all. As the instructor who read this are proficient in all aspects of Drill, this Chapter is merely a guide to assist instructors in the use of the pace stick.

The pace stick may be made to personal requirements. Care must be taken to ensure the correct size is used. History 4.14 Pace stick was more like a walking stick, with a silver or ivory knob. It could not be manipulated in the way laid down in this chapter, as it opened like a pair of calipers. From this beginning the Infantry development the pace stick as an aid to Drill. In 1928, the late Arthur Brand MVO MBE developed a drill for pace sticks. The stick he used is still carried by the Academy Sergeant Major at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS). Objective 4.15 The objective of Pace Stick Drill is to provide uniformity in the use of the pace stick and by it, the attainment of a high standard of steadiness and cohesion amongst instructors.

The pace stick is used to gauge the correct length of pace, to measure the distance between ranks, to check drill movements and when stepping out and stepping short. The instructor should march with the squad with the pace stick open and turning, to control the length of pace. When a squad has progressed and is marching the length of pace, the instructor should march behind the squad with the stick open and turning. Position of Attention -- Stick Closed (At the Shoulder) 4.16 The stick is placed beneath the left armpit, feet ferrules to the rear, with the hinge end protruding about 450mm (18 in) to the front. It is placed there by moving the right hand across the body, placing the stick as directed. The stick is trapped under the armpit by the pressure of the inside of the upper arm against the rid cage. When secure, force the right arm to the side and at the same time move the left hand onto the stick. The left hand controls the stick’s direction left or right. The stick is held parallel to the ground by the pressure of the arm against the rid cage. The left hand holds the stick with the fingers extended along the outside of the stick, thumb along the inside. Position of Stand at Ease -- Stick Closed (At the Shoulder) 4.17 In the position the body is simple relaxed. Normal foot drill is carried out – the stick remains under the left armpit and the right hand remains at the side, it does not go to the rear. Position of Attention -- Stick Opened 4.18 With the pace stick open to 750mm (30 in) stand to Attention as normal. Hold the stick in the right hand with the “leading leg” of the stick perpendicular. The foot ferrule on the ground is in line with the front of the toecap and 25mm (one in) to the right, the “rear leg” covering off the leading leg. The right hand holds the stick with the thumb on the inside, the fingers on the outside with a “V” Form grip, the apex of the legs showing over the right hand. Position of Stand at Ease and Stand Easy -- Stick Opened 4.19 Normal foot drill is used but the left arm remains at the side. With a flick of the right wrist, move the “rear leg” of the stick round to the front, keeping the “leading leg” on the ground, fully extent the right elbow and maintaining the grip with the right hand. For the Stand Easy, relax the body. Common Faults:

The stick not in line with toecap. Fingers not curled around apex of stick. The “rear leg” not covering of “leading leg”. The “rear leg not rotated through 180 degrees.


Pace Stick Drill on the March -- Stick Closed The Trail 4.20

a: On the command

QUICK – MARCH

First pace moves the right hand to grip the stick, keeping the right forearm horizontal. On the second pace move the stick to the side of the right thigh and the stick to be parallel to the ground (point to the front), ie both hands to be kept at the sides. On the third pace swing both arms. The stick is held at the point of balance by the right hand, and allowed to swing with the movement of the right arm, being manipulated between the fingers and thumb of the right hand, so that the whole of stick remains parallel to the ground at all times. This movement does not stop the arm from swinging normally.

b: On the command

HALT

To bring the stick back to the position of the Carry. Move the stick across the body, placing it under the left armpit, as the left hand grasps the hinge end of the stick at the last two movement of the Halting. Force the right hand to the side as bending the right keen and halt in the normal way.

Pace Stick Drill on the March -- Stick Opened The Carry 4.21 When the stick is opened, it is brought to the Carry position from the position of Attention. The Carry position and the drill involved are as follows:

a: On the command

QUICK – MARCH

First pace pick up the stick by bending the right arm so that the forearm is parallel to the ground. The index finger remains in front of the leading leg and the remaining fingers curl round the rear leg. The thumb makes contact with the index finger round the front of the leading leg. The leading leg of the stick maintains the perpendicular. The right elbow is forced into the side.

b: When carrying the stick on the march, the right arm is kept horizontal. The left hand may swing as

normal.

c: On the command

HALT

Force the stick down to the position of Attention.

d: Saluting with the stick is opened at the carry, first transfer the stick to the left hand. Common Faults:

The forearm not parallel to the ground. The leading leg not perpendicular.


Saluting At the Halt 4.22 When salute at the halt, the left hand and the stick is at the original position, the stick remains under the left armpit and the right hand comes up to salute. Common Faults:

When at the Shoulder the left hand not at the end of the stick. Pace Stick Drill on the March Ordering Compliments on the March 4.23 When ordering compliments to be paid on the march, instructors are to place the stick under the left armpit on the executive word, the right arm is to be remain straight at the side during the “CHECK”, the salute started as the left foot next strikes the ground. At the end of the salute, the stick is again brought to the trail (the stick is closed) Common Faults:

The stick not forced under armpit. The regulation pause not maintained. The stick not held parallel to the ground by pressure of the upper arm against the rid cage.

Pace Stick Drill in Slow time -- Stick Opened Pacing the Stick 4.24 This movement is the start of marching with the stick open. It is easier to master the art of turning a stick by practicing on grass first. The movement is as follows:

a: The stick is controlled by a good wrist movement, the fingers used for control, the stick turned by the thumb and pressure on the leading leg. It is essential that the leading leg is always perpendicular, as the stick is turned with the thumb. This makes the stick turn through 180 degrees with ease.

b: When the stick is turned in Slow time the standard of marching must be maintained, otherwise it

becomes very easy for the pace stick to take over.

c: First practice is slow time with the right and left hands, starting and finishing in the position of Attention. When proficient on grass move to the Parade Ground.

Change Stick (When Pacing) 4.25 The stick can be turned with either the right or the left hand and changed from one to the other as follows: I Right to Left

a: With the stick turning with the right hand the introductory words of command “Changing Sticks” is given.

b: On the executive “CHANGE – STICKS” (“Sticks” on the right heel) the stick is changed from the right

hand to the left.

c: Whereupon the leading leg is turned across the body, the left foot passing inside the stick. At the same time the left hand moves to the stick to take control from the right hand and at this point both hands are on the stick. The leading ferrule hits the ground on the outside of the left foot.

d: As the right foot moves forward the left hand controls the stick and the right hand is forced away to the

side. The rear leg follows across the body turning outwards and continues to turn on the left side of the instructor.


II Left to Right

a: With the stick turning in the left hand now change back to the right.

b: On the executive “CHANGE – STICKS” (“Sticks” on the left heel) the stick is changed from the left hand to the right.

c: Whereupon the leading leg is turned across the body, the right foot passing inside the stick. At the same

time the right hand moves to take control of the stick and at this time both hands are on the stick. The leading ferrule hits the ground on the outside of the right foot.

d: As the left foot moves forward the right hand controls the stick and the left hand is forced away to the

side. The rear leg follows across the body and continues to turn on the right side of the instructor. Common Faults:

Not turning the stick through 180 degrees. Not forcing the disengaged hand away in double time when changing sticks. Leading leg not perpendicular when the first phase of changing sticks is executed.

Pace Stick Drill -- Stick Closed Turning on the March (The Trail) 4.26 When turning on the march, the stick is to be held vertical position by movement of the fingers and kept in this position (point upward) until the turn is completed. Turning when Halted (At the Shoulder) 4.27 The Stick is to be grasped vertical in the left hand (point downwards) as the first and second movements, the drill stick to be grasped horizontally as the third movement.


CHAPTER 5 THE REVIEW PARADE-GROUND

5.1 The parade-ground on which the unit receives and marches past the reviewing officer is normally to be a rectangle marked out as shown in Fig. 17. The four corners, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 are to be marked by the unit commander's flag on poles 2.4 m (8 ft) high. The saluting point is to be marked by the Air Cadet Corps Ensign on a pole 3.6 m (12 ft) high, set back five paces from the centre of the line joining points 2 and 3.

Fig 17 The Review Parade-Ground Layout

5.2 Two points, A and B, are to be marked 10 paces to the left and right respectively of the saluting point in line with points 2 and 3 - this distance of 20 paces is the "saluting base". If a dais on which the reviewing officer is to stand can be provided, it is to be positioned centrally in front of the saluting point.


CHAPTER 6 SQUADRON FORMATION

Diagram Key


Fig 18 Flight Formation


Squadron Formation In Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps, Review of a Squadron is used for open and close formation in each squadron's meeting. Officer cadet will be posted in a squadron for on-job training. So that, they will as supernumerary officers in the formation (parade). Usually, there are not more than four flights in each squadron. (Fig. 18) During the officer cadet on-job training in a squadron, they will as the supernumerary officers in open or close formation. Forming Up A. The following procedure is for the open formation: 6.1 The NCO IC positions himself on the centre line of the parade ground, six paces in front of the receiving base and gives the command

NO. ___ SQUADRON, ON - PARADE

flight leaders march their flights to the parade ground and flights in line on the receiving base. The senior flight is formed on the right. The front rank centre man of the middle flight stands at the centre of the receiving base, the NCO IC then order

PARADE, OPEN ORDER - MARCH

then all flight leaders, front and rear rank step two paces forward and backward respectively. 6.2 The NCO IC then order

RIGHT - DRESS

whereupon the flight leaders turn about while the cadets take up their dressing

EYES - FRONT

whereupon the flight leaders turn about to the front. 6.3 NCO IC may inspect the squadron firstly. After that, he gives the order

STAND AT - EASE

6.4 When the squadron warrant officer approaches, the NCO IC is to come to attention and give the command

PARADE, ATTEN - TION

and reports to the squadron warrant officer there are how many flights consisting of how many cadets present. Then, the NCO IC marches to his position three paces in front of the first flank of the senior flight. 6.5 The squadron warrant officer then gives the commands

PARADE, STAND AT - EASE PARADE, ATTEN - TION

OFFICERS TAKE POST IN REVIEW ORDER, OUTWARDS - TURN

whereupon the flight leaders and the NCO IC turn to their right and the supernumerary officers turn together left.

QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the NCO IC marches three paces forward and halts, the flight leaders march to a point opposite the right marker of their flight and halt, and the supernumerary officers march around the flank and take up positions at equal intervals along the frontage of their flight covering off the flight leader.


LEFT - TURN PARADE, STAND AT - EASE

6.6 The squadron is now ready to receive the officer commanding squadron who comes forward to take up his position in front of the saluting point. When the officer commanding squadron accompanied by the squadron adjutant approaches, the squadron warrant officer orders


6.7 The squadron warrant officer then marches forward to report to the officer commanding squadron, halts, salutes and after the officer commanding squadron returns the salute reports

NO. ____ SQUADRON, ( x ) FLIGHT CONSISTING OF ( x ) CADETS READY FOR YOUR INSPECTION – SIR

salutes again and waits for the officer commanding squadron to return the salute. He then accompanies the officer commanding squadron, squadron adjutant towards No 1 flight. The remaining flight leaders order their flights to stand at ease. Inspection procedure is carried out by the inspection party, which is consisted of the officer commanding squadron, squadron adjutant, squadron warrant officer and flight leader. The NCO IC does not salute as he joins the inspection party. 6.8. Before the officer commanding squadron, squadron adjutant, squadron warrant officer and NCO IC reach the flight, the flight leader should order

NO. ___ FLIGHT, ATTEN - TION and meets the officer commanding squadron, flight leader should salute and report

(Rank), (Name), COMMANDING NO. ____ FLIGHT, ( x ) CADETS READY FOR YOUR INSPECTION - SIR

6.9 After inspecting the rear rank, the flight leader stands still at the position behind of the right guide, salutes to the officer commanding squadron. Then, flight leader may proceed to the position, in front of the right marker. 6.10 When the inspection is finished, the NCO IC returns to the last position in line with the flight leaders. 6.11 Squadron warrant officer returns to his position six paces in front of, and facing the squadron and gives the command

OFFICERS TAKE POST, LEFT - TURN QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the supernumerary officers, flight leaders and NCO IC march back to their original positions. The squadron warrant officer then orders.

OFFICERS INWARDS - TURN

whereupon all supernumerary officers, flight leaders and NCO IC turn to the front. The squadron warrant officer then orders

SQUADRON, CLOSE ORDER - MARCH RIGHT - DRESS (NCO IC and flight leaders turn about) EYES - FRONT (NCO IC and flight leaders turn to front)

6.12 Squadron warrant officer marches forward to the officer commanding squadron, salutes and reports

THANK YOU FOR YOUR INSPECTION - SIR


6.13 After the officer commanding squadron off accompanied by the squadron adjutant. The squadron warrant officer then orders

FALL OUT THE NCO IC

6.14 The NCO IC marches forwards three paces in front of the squadron warrant officer. 6.15 Then the squadron warrant officer off, the NCO IC may give an order

PARADE, FALL - OUT

all members of the parade turn half-right, observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time then break off quietly. B. The following procedure is for the close formation: 6.16 The procedure is similar to point No 1 to 5 of the open formation but without "open order march" and "report present". 6.17 The squadron is now ready to receive the officer commanding squadron who comes forward to take up his position in front of the saluting point. When the officer commanding squadron approaches with the squadron adjutant, the squadron warrant officer then orders.


6.18 The officer commanding squadron may permit the squadron to stand at ease. The squadron warrant officer then orders

PARADE, STAND AT - EASE

6.19 At this moment, announcement and presentation may progress. 6.20 After that, officer commanding squadron would order the squadron warrant officer to dismiss the squadron. 6.21 Squadron warrant officer turns about to face the squadron, and orders

PARADE, ATTEN - TION OFFICER ON PARADE, DIS - MISS

whereupon the whole squadron is to turn half-right and at the same time the squadron warrant officer returns to face the officer commanding squadron and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time, all personnel are to salute to their front. At the end of the salute, another pause equal to one pace in quick time is to be observed and then all personnel are to disperse quickly and smartly. The officer commanding squadron returns salute to his/her members, thanks them and leave the parade-ground with them.


CHAPTER 7 WING REVIEW

Wing In Close Column of Squadrons

(With Flights In Line)

Fig 19A Wing In Close Column of Squadrons (With Flights In Line)


Wing In Line of Squadrons (In Close Column of Flights)

Fig 19B Wing In Line of Squadrons (In Close Column of Flights)


Wing In Column of Route (In Close Column of Squadron)

Fig 19C Wing In Column of Route

(In Close Column of Squadron)


CHAPTER 7 CEREMONIAL PARADE

Introduction 7.1 The object of ceremonial drill is to enable a reviewing officer to judge the standard of drill and the steadiness of the unit on parade. The standard of ceremonial drill indicates to a great degree the efficiency of a unit's discipline. Ceremonial Procedure 7.2 The ceremonial consists of : a. March On b. Dressing in Open Order c. Squadron Commanders take post d. Parade Commander takes post e. The reception of the Reviewing Officer and General Salute. f. The Inspection by the Reviewing Officer. g. The March Past the Reviewing Officer (In Line / In Column Of Route). h. Advance in Review Order and General Salute. i. Stand at Ease (Awards / presentation and speech). j. March off. k. Dismissal (Fall out the officers and officers on parade dismiss). Formations 7.3 A parade may consist of two or more squadrons. The instructions in this Chapter are for such a wing, but they also apply to a wing consisting of any other number of squadrons. Unless otherwise ordered, the parade is to dress by the right flank. 7.4 A parade may be formed up in :

a. Close Column of Squadrons (in Line of Flights). Squadrons in Line or parallel and successive alignment at eighteen paces distance (with flights in line). (see Fig. 19A)

b. In Line of Squadrons (in Close Column of Flights). Squadrons in Close Column of Flights on the same

alignment at ten paces interval. (see Fig. 19B) c. Column of Route. Squadrons in Column of Route with ten paces distance between squadrons. (see Fig.

19C) 7.5 The following formations may be empolyed for; a. A Flight – When a flight is to be paraded independently, it is to be formed up in line and is to

carry out the ceremonial in that formation. b. A Squadron – When a squadron is to be paraded independently, it is to be formed up on the

receving base with FLIGHTS IN LINE. The Squadron is to march past by flights independently, after which the advance in review order is to be carried out. It is to march off in COLUMN OF ROUTE.

c. A Wing – When a wing is to be paraded, it is to be formed up on the receiving base in CLOSE

COLUMN OF SQUADRONS (with Flights in Line). The wing is to march past by flights then by squadrons in close Column of Flights. The advance in review order is to be carried out in Close Column of Squadrons. It is to march off in COLUMN OF ROUTE.

Appointments 7.6 When a parade is formed up, the positions of executives and supernumeraries are to be shown in the figures. 7.7 The parade commander is to give the executive commands for movements which are subsequently to be carried out simultaneously by squadrons or flights. When a movement is to be carried out by squadrons in


succession the squadron commanders, unless marching, are to turn about, face their squadrons and give the subordinate executive commands. Dressing 7.8 Executives. Parade, squadron and flight commanders and adjutants are to turn about to face the ranks during the dressing adjustment. When the Eyes Front is given, they are to turn about to their front. 7.9 Parade Warrant Officer. When the order is for the Right/Left Dress is given the parade warrant officer, alone, is to fall out from his position and supervise the prompt adjustment of squadrons' dressing from the directed flank. When he is satisfied he is to give the report

PARADE - STEADY

whereupon the parade commander gives the order for the Eyes Front and the parade warrant officer returns to his parade position. 7.10 In Close Column of Squadrons (in Line of Flights). Each squadron is to dress on the markers and guides on the flank of direction; markers and guides cover off those in front. 7.11 In Line of Squadrons (in Close Column of Flights). Each flight of each squadron is to dress on the marker and guide furthest on the flank of direction. Successive flights are to cover off the leading flight. 7.12 Dressing on the March. When the parade is marching, the markers and guides are responsible for maintaining direction and distance. The Parade, Telling Off 7.13 The parade warrant officer will place out markers and reports to the parade adjutant. 7.14 When the parade adjutant orders the March On, each squadron is to be marched on to its marker from the reverse flank by its squadron commander. As each squadron approaches its alignment, the squadron commander himself is to turn off sharply to the left (leaving the flight commander to continue to lead the squadron on course) to approximate himself to his own future parade position, then turns right to face his squadron. The flight commanders will halt their flights at the appropriate position and order their own flight to face to the front. When the whole squadron is in position and facing front, the squadron commander orders his squadron to stand at ease. The squadron commander then turns about and stands at ease. 7.15 When the squadrons are in position, at ease, the parade adjutant is to give the commands

PARADE, ATTEN - TION OPEN ORDER - MARCH

RIGHT - DRESS EYES - FRONT

7.16 The parade adjutant then orders

TELL OFF - BY SQUADRONS

whereupon the squadron commanders are to call out the number of their squadrons from front to rear (in Close Column of Squadrons) or from the right to left (in Line of Squadrons). [Notes:

a. Only the first and last (of any number of) squadron commanders finish with the word "Squadron". b. The numbers are parade numbers in succession from "No 1". Squadrons retain these numbers

throughout the parade.] 7.17 The parade adjutant is then to give the commands

NUMBER ONE AND THREE SQUADRON, STAND AT - EASE NUMBER TWO SQUADRON, STAND AT - EASE

7.18 The parade adjutant then turns about himself and stands at ease to await the approach of the parade commander.


7.19 When the parade commander approaches, the parade adjutant is to come to attention and give the command.


7.20 The parade commander is to approach from the front of the parade and halt in front of the parade adjutant who is to salute and report. (After the report, the parade adjutant salutes and fall out to the position in front of the first file of the No 1 Flight and in line with the No 1 Squadron Commander.) 7.21 The parade commander then orders

PARADE, STAND AT - EASE PARADE, ATTEN - TION

OFFICERS TAKE POST IN REVIEW ORDER OUTWARDS - TURN

whereupon the flight commanders and the parade adjutant turn to their right and the supernumerary officers turn together left.

QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the parade adjutant marches three paces forward and halts, the flight commanders march to a point opposite the right marker of their flight and halt, and the supernumerary officers march around the flank and take up positions at equal intervals along the frontage of their flight covering off the flight commander. (Fig. 22A)

OFFICERS, LEFT - TURN PARADE, STAND AT - EASE

7.22 The parade commander then turns about himself and stands at ease to await the reviewing officer who is accompanied by the escorting oficer(s). When the reviewing officer and escorting officer(s) approach, the parade commander is to come to attention and give the command


whereupon the reviewing officer stands on the dais and turns facing the parade, the parade commander then gives the command

PARADE, GENERAL - SALUTE

whereupon all officers salute on the executive word 'salute' (and if a band is present, it plays the salute) and discontinue saluting at the same time as the parade commander. (Appendix (C)) The Inspection 7.23 The parade commander then marches forward six paces in front of the dais, halts and salutes. One pace forward and state

(RANK) (NAME) COMMANDING THE PARADE. PARADE IS CONSISTING ( x ) SQUADRONS AND

READY FOR INSPECTION - SIR

7.24 The parade adjutant and parade warrant officer fall out and join the inspection party; (they do not salute as they join the inspection party). (Note : The inspection party consisted by the reviewing officer, escorting officer(s), parade commander, parade adjutant, parade warrant officer, squadron commander and flight commander.) 7.25 The reviewing officer proceeds with his inspection accompanied by the flight commander who walks at his side (furthest from the rank being inspected), the escorting officer(s) immediately behind the reviewing officer (see insert diagram at the Fig. 19A). The inspection starts from the right of No 1 Flight of the squadron. When the first flight has been inspected, the reviewing officer will go to No 2 Flight.


7.26. As the reviewing officer is leaving the first flight, No 2 Flight Commander is to order his flight to attention, then turn to meet the reviewing officer on the right of his flight. 7.27 In the meantime, as the reviewing officer leaves, the flight commander of the first flight salutes him then returns to his parade position and stands his flight at ease. He then turns to the front and stands at ease. Each successive flight commander carries out this procedure until the inspection is over. 7.28 As the reviewing officer is leaving the first squadron, No 2 Squadron commander is to come to attention and orders his squadron to attention. 7.29 As the reviewing officer finishes inspecting the rear rank of the last flight in the first squadron, the squadron commander is to order his squadron to attention (the last flight remains at attention) and both he and the last flight commander salute the reviewing officer as he leaves. The squadron and flight commander both return to their parade positions and the squadron commander stands his squadron at ease. He then turns about himself and stands at ease. Each successive squadron commander carries out this procedure until the inspection is over. 7.30 When the inspection is finished, the parade commander, parade adjutant and parade warrant officer will return to their parade positions (by which time all squadrons have been stood at ease). The March Past - Close Column of Squadrons 7.31 After the inspection, the parade will march past the dais and have compliments on the march. The parade commander gives the command


then, he marches to six paces in front of the dais, salutes and requests

PERMISSION TO CARRY ON THE CEREMONIAL - SIR

and having received permission, salutes, about turns and marches back to his position, six paces in front of the parade, where he orders

OFFICERS TAKE POST, LEFT - TURN QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the parade adjutant, flight commanders and supernumerary officers march back to their original positions. The parade commander then orders

OFFICERS, INWARDS - TURN

whereupon all officers and flight commanders turn to the front. The parade commander then orders

PARADE, CLOSE ORDER - MARCH RIGHT - DRESS EYES - FRONT

PARADE WILL MARCH PAST IN COLUMN OF ROUTE FROM THE RIGHT

NUMBER ONE SQUADRON NUMBER 1 FLIGHT LEADING, MOVE TO THE RIGHT IN COLUMN OF ROUTE,

RIGHT - TURN then, all squadrons, flight commanders and flights turn to the right, except the supernumeraries and NCO ICs turn left. After this movement, there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time and squadron commanders march forward to the front of the squadron, in line with the centre rank. Flight commanders march two paces to the right of the first flank, two paces next to the squadron commander, both are facing the rear. NCO ICs stand one pace next to the last flank of their flight, in line with the centre rank. Supernumeraries stand two paces next to the last flank. NCO ICs and supernumeraries are facing to the front. Parade adjutant marches to six paces in front of the front rank of the first flank, faces to the rear. Parade warrant officer marches to six paces in front of the rear rank of the first flank, faces to the front. The parade commander marches to eight paces in front of the first flank of the first flight, faces to the rear. When the parade commander halts at the position, there is to be a


pause equal to one pace in quick time, then all commanders, NCO ICs and supernumeraries turn to the ordered direction together. 7.32 When the whole parade turned already, Number 1 Squadron Commander then orders

NUMBER ONE SQUADRON, BY THE LEFT, QUICK - MARCH

whereupon flights of number 1 squadron march on with the same beat. When the last flank of the number 1 squadron passes the Number 2 Squadron Commander, the Number 2 Squadron Commander then orders

NUMBER TWO SQUADRON, BY THE LEFT, QUICK - MARCH

whereupon flights of number 2 squadron march on with the same beat. When the last flank of the number 2 squadron passes the Number 3 Squadron Commander, the Number 3 Squadron Commander orders

NUMBER THREE SQUADRON, BY THE LEFT, QUICK - MARCH

in fact, the parade is being marched at the same beat with the same foot. Compliments on the March 7.33 When the Number 1 Squadron of No 1 Flight Commander arrives at the saluting point "A", then he gives the command

NUMBER ONE SQUADRON, NUMBER 1 FLIGHT, BY THE RIGHT, EYES - RIGHT

whereupon the parade commander, parade adjutant, parade warrant officer, squadron commander and No 1 flight commander salute to the right at the same time. 7.34 When the last flank of number 1 squadron, No 1 flight abreast of the saluting point "B", Number 1 flight commander then gives the command

NUMBER ONE SQUADRON, NUMBER 1 FLIGHT, EYES - FRONT

whereupon the parade commander, parade adjutant, parade warrant officer, squadron and No 1 flight commander cease the saluting. 7.35 Each flight commander gives the command "eyes right" as the same position at the saluting point "A". Each flight commander gives the command "eyes front" when their flights' last flank abreast of the saluting point "B". 7.36 After the compliment, all flights return to their parade position await the command "left turn". While the whole No 1 squadron has halted already, all flight commanders of number 1 squadron face to their flights, then, Number 1 Squadron Commander orders

NUMBER ONE SQUADRON, INTO LINE, LEFT - TURN

whereupon all flight commanders of number 1 squadron turn about. Supernumeraries and NCO ICs turn right, after a pause equal to one pace in quick time, then march to their own positions. After another pause equal to one pace in quick time, they turn to left at the same time, face to the front.


7.37 No 2 and No 3 squadron do the same at the same situation. When the parade is steady. The parade commander gives the command

PARADE, RIGHT - DRESS whereupon parade adjutant and commanders turn about while the flights take up their dressing.

EYES - FRONT

whereupon parade adjutant and commanders turn to the front. Advance In Review Order and General Salute 7.38 The parade will have an advance in review order to await the presentation and speech by the Reviewing Officer. The Parade Commander gives the command

OFFICERS TAKE POST IN REVIEW ORDER OUTWARDS - TURN

whereupon the flight commanders and the parade adjutant turn to their right and the supernumeraries turn together left.

QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the parade adjutant marches three paces forward and halts, the flight commanders march to a point opposite the right marker of their flights and halt, the supernumeraries march around the flank and take up position at equal intervals along the frontage of their flights covering off the flight commander. 7.39 The Parade Commander then gives the orders

OFFICERS, LEFT - TURN PARADE WILL ADVANCE IN REVIEW ORDER

BY THE CENTRE QUICK - MARCH

whereupon the whole parade forwards straight to the front. Halting on the 14.5th pace (16 steps). 7.40 The Parade Commander orders

PARADE, GENERAL - SALUTE

all officers ( i.e. parade commander, parade adjutant, squadron commanders, flight commanders and supernumerary officers) to salute to their front on the command salute. The salute is to be held throughout the playing of the General Salute and complete on the last note of the music. (Appendix (C)) Award or Presentation 7.41 Now the Parade Commander may give the command

PARADE, OPEN ORDER - MARCH RIGHT - DRESS EYES - FRONT

STAND AT - EASE

a. After the dressing, parade commander marches forward to the dais, halting and saluting will address the Reviewing Officer with:

THE PARADE IS NOW READY FOR THE PRESENTATION

OF TROPHIES AND AWARDS - SIR

On the exclamation - SIR, the recipients are to march to his previously determined prize - winners point, eight paces in front of the dais. The parade commander salutes again and marches back to his parade position. (Fig. 19D)


b. When the award or trophy to be collected has been announced the recipient is to : (1). March smartly forward for seven paces. ( i.e. six-one-two) (2). Halt directly in front of the reviewing officer on the Saluting Base Line. Salute, then take a single

short sharp pace forward to halt and shake the hand of the reviewing officer. (3). When the reviewing officer passes the Trophy to him the recipient is to receive it with both hands and

is to secure it into the left arm before shake hand with the reviewing officer and taking a sharp pace backwards onto the Saluting Base Line where he is to again salute, turn to the right to march to place the trophy on the Trophy Holding Table at the side of the parade ground. He now returns to his flight from his flight's rear.

Speech by the Reviewing Officer 7.42 On completion of the presentation, the reviewing officer returns to the dais accompanied by the escorting officer. And this time the reviewing officer will give the speech. The whole parade may stand still at ease to listen. March Off and Dismissal 7.43 When the speech is finished, the Parade Commander then gives the command

PARADE, ATTEN - TION CLOSE ORDER - MARCH

RIGHT - DRESS EYES – FRONT

when the reviewing officer is in position, parade commander proceeds advance, halts, salutes and requests

CEREMONIAL IS NOW COMPLETED, PERMISSION TO MARCH OFF - SIR

having received permission, salutes, about turns and marches back to his parade position, where he orders

OFFICERS TAKE POST, LEFT - TURN QUICK – MARCH

whereupon the parade adjutant, flight commanders and supernumerary officers march back to their original positions. The parade commander then orders

OFFICERS INWARDS – TURN

whereupon all officers and commanders turn to the front. The parade commander then gives the command

PARADE WILL MARCH OFF IN COLUMN OF ROUTE FROM THE RIGHT,

NUMBER 1 SQUADRON NUMBER 1 FLIGHT LEADING, MOVE TO THE RIGHT IN COLUMN OF ROUTE,

RIGHT – TURN

whereupon commanders, supernumeraries and NCO ICs march to the position (see "THE MARCH PAST"). Except the parade adjutant stands two paces next to the Number 1 squadron commander. Parade warrant officer marches to the last squadron's last flight, three paces next to this flight's NCO IC. 7.44 The parade will give the compliment on the march while they are passing the dais such like "MARCH PAST". After the compliment, the parade will not return to the parade ground. They will proceed to another area which is appointed for squadrons to form up after the parade. 7.45 When all squadrons have halted at the appointed area, parade commander will fall out all officers. These officers may form in a semi circle in front of the parade commander, the senior on the right. Then, the senior takes one short sharp pace forward, salutes with the others. After the salute, a pause to be observed equal to one pace in quick time, all officers march to form in line behind the parade commander, from the right.


7.46 While the commanders and officers are leaving their flights, the NCO ICs come to take over the post as the flight commander. 7.47 Parade commander then orders the parade warrant officer to take over the parade. The parade warrant officer comes out to the position in front of the parade commander, salutes and receives the permission to dismiss the parade. Then, the parade warrant officer turns about, face the parade and orders

PARADE, OFFICERS ON PARADE DIS – MISS

whereupon the parade warrant officer turns about to the parade commander, cadets are to turn right incline, observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) and salute to their front. On completion of the salute (equal to two paces in quick time) observe a further pause equal to one pace in quick time and then break off quietly and leave the appointed area, marching in quick time. The parade is now fully completed after this saluting. Rules for Spectators at Ceremonial Parades 7.48

a. Whenever a colour / standard is marched on, off and or passes directly in front of spectators.

Spectators stand and salute or uncover.

b. Arrival of Reviewing Officer. General Salute.

Spectators stand.

c. Reviewing Officer returns from Inspection

Spectators stand.

d. Presentation of Colour. When the new colour / standard is marched on parade.

Spectators stand and salute or uncover.

e. March Past 1. with colour Spectators stand and salute or uncover

as colour passes directly in front of them.

2. without colour

Spectators remain seated.

f. Advance In Review Order General Salute

Spectators stand.


Route of March for Recipients of Trophies and Awards

Fig 19D Route of March for Recipients of Trophies and Awards


Appendix ( A ) MARCH DISCIPLINE

Safety 1. Head and Rear of a Column. An officer or NCO is to march at the head and rear of each marching unit. 2. Traffic Safety. When moving by foot on public roads in formed bodies, look-out personnel are to be posted at a suitable distance in front and to the rear to warn the drivers of approaching vehicles. In darkness or conditions of poor visibility, the high visibility reflective waistcoat is to be worn and, additionally, two white lights in front and two red lights at the rear are to be so positioned as to indicate the width of the column. Instruction on the necessary hand signals is to be given to the look-out personnel. All formed bodies of troops are to observe traffic signals. Marching in Column 3. Units moving in column of route, which is the normal formation for marching distances, are to march well into the near side of the road (depending upon the local rule of the road) so as not to impede traffic. The directing flank is similarly to be in accordance with the rule of the road. In all, a marching body is to be conducted on the road in the same manner as a vehicle. Distances 4. The following distances are normally to be kept between units in column of route: a. Between flights 6 paces (4.5m) b. Between squadrons 10 paces (7.5m) c. Between wings 24 paces (18m) An increase of intervals may be ordered. Rate of Marching 5. The rate of marching is normally to be 120 paces per minute (or about 4.5 kph including rest halts). The pace is, however, to be strictly regulated from the head of the column to avoid exhausting those in the rear. 6. Cadets are not to be doubled in order to make up lost distances. These are to be made up gradually, or by halting, or by a slower rate at the column head. Rules for Marching 7. Files of threes are to be kept dressed, closed up, and covered off. No officer or NCO is to march outside the column. 8. Cadets are to keep step, maintain exact covering and dressing, and maintain prescribed distances and intervals from person to person. 9. The instruction to march at Ease or at Attention is to be given as a verbal order which is to be passed down the column:

a. Marching at Attention. Units are to be marched at Attention when entering or leaving a station or barracks, or passing through a town or when paying compliments. When marching at attention cadets are to carry their arms in a like manner as ordered by the unit commander.

b. Marching at Ease. Except when described in sub-para a. above, units may be marched at Ease at the

discretion of the unit commander. This means that cadets, while maintaining step, pace, cover, dressing and distance, may otherwise relax and may talk quietly. Arms may be carried in the manner found the most comfortable to the individual.


Moving Off and Halting 10. Units are to move off and halt by sub-units when the order is given. Long Marches 11. Changeover Ranks. On long marches it is desirable to change over periodically the personnel of the inner and outer flanks so that all may share the vagaries of the road surface (smooth, sloping, lower, gutter, rough, etc.). 12. Falling Out. Personnel who through fatigue are unable to keep up are to be instructed to follow in the rear of the column. Permission to do so is to be given by an officer. 13. Singing. Organized singing (when marching at Ease) is to be encouraged as it helps cadets to forget fatigue. 14. Halts. During long marches, halts are to be made for ten minutes rest after every hour's marching, irrespective of the time of the start or the end of the march. During halts, roads, including crossings and junctions, are to be left clear for traffic. Personnel bearing equipment are to be lay this down during each rest halt and take it up again one minute before starting. In suitable conditions, personnel are to be encouraged to lie down and, if possible, raise their feet to permit the blood to circulate. 15. Longer Halts. Longer halts may be authorized every few hours, during which time feeding etc may take place. 16. Refuse. All refuse from a halt is to be gathered up and buried or burnt before moving off. 17. Drinking and Feeding. Drinking and feeding are only to take place as authorized by the unit commander at organized halts. Water carried is to be fresh and receptacles clean. Personnel are to be reminded that smoking decreases endurance and that thirst is aggravated rather than reduced by frequent recourse to drinking water. 18. Foot Inspection. For any sustained march, the unit commander is to inspect feet before and immediately afterwards. Particular attention is to be paid to the fitting of footwear and the cleanliness of feet and socks, to prevent discomfort and soreness.


Appendix ( B ) FOOT ON WHICH COMMANDS ARE GIVEN

Command When EXECUTIVE Command given ______________________________________________________________________________ About - TURN When the left heel strikes the ground. Break into double time, When the right heel strikes the ground. double - MARCH (from quick time) Break into quick time, When the right foot strikes the ground. quick - MARCH (from double time) Break into quick time, When the right foot strikes the ground. quick - MARCH (from slow time) Break into slow time, When the left heel strikes the ground. slow - MARCH (from quick time) Change - STEP When the right heel strikes the ground. (when marching) Change - STEP When the left foot strikes the ground. (when marking time) Eyes - LEFT / RIGHT/ FRONT When the left foot strikes the ground. (in quick time) Eyes - LEFT / RIGHT / FRONT When the right foot strikes the ground. (in slow time) For - WARD When the left foot strikes the ground. (Squad / flight) - HALT When the left foot strikes the ground. (in double time) (Squad / flight) - HALT When the left heel strikes the ground. (in quick time) (Squad/flight) - HALT When the left foot strikes the ground. (when marking time) (Squad / flight) - HALT When the right foot strikes the ground. (in slow time) Left in - CLINE When the right heel strikes the ground. Right in – CLINE When the left heel strikes the ground. Left - TURN When the right heel strikes the ground. Right - TURN When the left heel strikes the ground. Mark - TIME When the left heel strikes the ground. *Quick – MARCH When the right heels strike the ground. Step - OUT / SHORT When the left heel strikes the ground. Quick - MARCH When the left foot strikes the ground. (return from Step Out / Short)


To the left / right / front When the left foot strikes the ground. and officer passing your front - SALUTE (in quick time) To the left / right / front When the right foot strikes the ground. and officer passing your front - SALUTE (in slow time) *Slow - MARCH When the right feet strike the ground. *(to move off in time with a preceding unit / flight)


Appendix ( C ) GENERAL SALUTES

Introduction 1. The movements for saluting during General Salutes for armed and unarmed parades differ considerably and as it is essential that compliments are paid correctly on parades, the following instructions should be observed: Unarmed Parades 2. On a parade where a band is in attendance, on the word of command :

FLIGHT / SQUADRON / PARADE, GENERAL – SALUTE

all officers are to salute on the command 'Salute' and the band is to play the General Salute. The salute is to be held throughout the playing of the General Salute and complete on the last note of the music. 3. In the absence of a band, on the command :

FLIGHT / SQUADRON / PARADE,

GENERAL – SALUTE

all officers are to salute on the command 'Salute'. The salute is to be held for the equivalent of five paces in quick time. All officers are to take their time from the parade commander. Armed Parades 4. Officers, when on parade with armed men, upon the word of command :

FLIGHT / SQUADRON / PARADE, GENERAL SALUTE PRESENT – ARMS

are to salute by taking the right hand to the salute on the third movement of the PRESENT - ARMS and the salute is to be held until the command :

FLIGHT / SQUADRON / PARADE, SLOPE – ARMS

when the right hand is to be brought down on the final movement of the SLOPE - ARMS.


Appendix ( D ) Illustrations

Chapter One

Bend the Knee 1.32 1A & B

Chapter Two

Dressing 2.4 2A & B

Attention 2.10 3A & B

Stand At Ease 2.12 4A & B

Right Turn 2.24 5

About Turn 2.25 6A & B

To the Front Salute 2.28 7

To the Left Salute 2.29 8A & B

Sideway March 2.34 9A & B

Adjusting on Parade 2.35 10A & B

Chapter Three

Quick March 3.5 11A & B

Right Wheel 3.8 12

To the Left / Right Salute on the March 3.12 13A & B

To the Front Salute on the March 3.12 14A & B

Turning & Wheeling 3.15 & 3.16 15A & B

About Turn on the March 3.18 16A & B

Chapter Five

Parade Ground Layout 5.1 17

Chapter Six

Flight Formation 18

Chapter Seven

Reviewing Parade 19A, B, C & D


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hong kong air cadet corps footdrill manual …aircadet.wyk.edu.hk/training material/hkacc foot drill...

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