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SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM ASSESSMENT REPORT PROJECT ID DR11SDGE0006
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH
MOBILE APPLICATIONS
FINAL REPORT PREPARED FOR AHMED ABDULLAH, ERIC MARTINEZ SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 8306 CENTURY PARK COURT SAN DIEGO, CA 92123
PREPARED BY NEGAWATT CONSULTING, INC. WWW.NEGAWATTCONSULT.COM 9/20/2012
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Acknowledgements
San Diego Gas and Electric Company and the authors of this report would like to acknowledge the
assistance and cooperation of our host sites, SDG&E residential homes, and the residents who went out
of their way to allow for our onsite testing and interviews. We would also like to thank the technology
vendor that we evaluated, for their contributions above and beyond, and for their willingness to share
more details about their products and services than the average customer would ever want to know.
Disclaimer
While SDG&E and the authors of this report did their best to come up with sensible results and
recommendations, this report is provided as-is. The models, figures, formulas, and recommendations
may not be appropriate or accurate for some situations. It is the reader’s responsibility to verify this
report and apply the findings appropriately when used in another settings or context. Readers are
responsible for all decisions and actions taken based on this report, and for all consequences thereof.
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Executive Summary
This review primarily investigates the demand response (DR) and control capability of the Home Area
Network (HAN) technology along with the integration of a mobile application. Secondarily, it estimates
the energy saving potential and discusses user feedback.
The HAN system with Mobile Apps boasts to monitor and control home devices from the vendor online
portal or via a proprietary mobile application for iPhone or Android platforms. Home devices can
include thermostats, pool pumps, and other devices that can be plugged into a standard electrical
outlet. It has direct support for DR with the ability to program functional responses from the devices.
The system can monitor home energy consumption via installed CT clamps on power lines and report
the measurements to the HAN system for user observation. There are two main communication paths,
RF and Powerline. This review will go over the technology as a whole and estimate the appropriate
mass market expandability into the SDG&E market.
For testing purposes, SDG&E territory customers with electric bills over $100, utilizing an AC system
(priority) and potentially owning a pool (less critical) were selected. They were given the opportunity to
program their own demand control strategy and choose what devices, and to what extent, they would
include in DR.
The technology was successful in providing a power drop during a simulated DR event. The range of
power drops that were found during the simulated DR event was from 0.1kW to 1.9kW. The low range
was with customers who only wished to dim lights as opposed to a customer who raised multiple
thermostat set-points and cycled his pool pump to 2 min on/2 min off (from always on).
The users responded with various installation and connectivity issues, most of which were fixable and
with little troubleshooting, information immediately available. However, the users responded positively
to their experience and specifically to the advantages of having a mobile application to aid in monitoring
and control of their devices. There were issues with the DR functionality found during short simulation
events created during the evaluation, but the vendor is near completion of updates to avoid these
experiences.
The reviewed technology also has the positive feature of having two communication methods. The
devices are able to communicate over Powerline and RF. This is advantageous if the technology is
ported to multiple dwelling residencies where there may be more than one meter being used, so the
HAN can be crossed over via RF onto a new home circuit for a new Powerline. Although, not reviewed in
this field evaluation, the vendor provides an additional device that will allow direct connection to a
Smart Meter to avoid some installation issues and provide capability to receive DR and price messages
from the Utility.
The potential market for this technology was assessed based on customer applicability to the
technology. With approximately 1.4 million smart meters currently deployed (both small commercial
and residential), it was found that 10% of residential customers (approximately 126,000) would benefit
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most from this technology. The following table shows energy and post savings per household based on
the number of DR days that would be enabled in a single year. The savings are based on estimated load
drops from the inclusion of a pool pump controller, thermostat, and plug in device.
Overall the technology is successful in providing capable DR functionality to the customer in a user
friendly manner. The addition of a mobile application allows the user to monitor, control, and respond
to DR events remotely and conveniently, which should help influence the expandability of this
technology into a larger market implementation.
DR days/yearAnnual kwh
saved
Annual savings
($0.16 per kWh)
Annual savings with PTR
incentive ($0.75/kWh
reduction)
Annual savings with
PTR incentives using
enabling technology
($1.25/kWh reduction)
2 28.70 $4.59 $26.12 $40.47
3 43.05 $6.89 $39.18 $60.70
4 57.40 $9.18 $52.23 $80.93
8 114.80 $18.37 $104.47 $161.87
10 143.50 $22.96 $130.59 $202.34
12 172.20 $27.55 $156.70 $242.80
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 2
Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 3
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 7
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 11
Applicable codes and standards ............................................................................................................. 13
Market Overview ................................................................................................................................... 14
Opportunity ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Products and Systems ........................................................................................................................ 16
Project Results....................................................................................................................................... 17
Detailed Host System Description ...................................................................................................... 17
System deployment and operations-related roles and responsibilities ........................................... 19
List of controlled points ................................................................................................................. 19
Sequence of operations ................................................................................................................. 19
System cost and cost-influencing factors ........................................................................................... 20
Preliminary Lab Test Results .............................................................................................................. 20
Evaluation of system operation and design in customer homes ......................................................... 22
Customer feedback from in-home testing .......................................................................................... 24
Energy and demand savings ............................................................................................................... 29
Installation Experience ...................................................................................................................... 31
Applicability of IOU programs and tariffs ........................................................................................... 33
Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Benefits of HAN with Mobile Apps ..................................................................................................... 34
System Improvement Opportunities .................................................................................................. 36
Applicability of case study findings to other load types, sectors, and sites ......................................... 37
Considerations for large-scale and persistent market implementation ............................................... 37
Impact of HAN devices to SDG&E (and other CA Utility) roadmap 2011-2020 .................................... 39
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Glossary and Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... 41
References ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Appendix A: Measurement & Verification Plan ...................................................................................... 45
Appendix B: User Survey........................................................................................................................ 58
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Electricity rate variance with time of use ................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 Utility and Customer advantages to energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and peak-
load shift (PLS). [8]................................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3 Vendor system overview and connectivity ............................................................................... 17
Figure 4 Number of users that have already employed energy efficient technologies and plan to in the
upcoming year....................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 5 User feedback on potential HAN product purchases ................................................................. 26
Figure 6 Product user evaluations statements/question ........................................................................ 27
Figure 7 Customer need for mobile app. ................................................................................................ 27
Figure 8 Load drop during DR events from 2011 HAN pilot program ...................................................... 30
Figure 9 SDG&E Home Area Network Time As of November 2011, excerpt taken from SDG&E Advice
Letter 2307 [7] ...................................................................................................................................... 39
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List of Tables
Table 1 Customer statistics evaluated against 1.24M installed Smart Meters in SDG&E territory ........... 14
Table 2 Customer tiers/usage against large appliances .......................................................................... 15
Table 3 Estimated power drop potential from HAN devices ................................................................... 15
Table 4 Devices from same vendor that may be included in field evaluation of HAN .............................. 18
Table 5 Initial cost of individual products with approximate installation costs per house ....................... 20
Table 6 Various DR enabled devices response to event .......................................................................... 22
Table 7 How customers currently/or plan to shop for smart appliances ................................................. 26
Table 8 Graphical representation of power drop of a specific sector in home during simulated DR event,
involving a thermostat and pool pump (6:29 pm-6:39pm). NOTE: Figure is an example of power drop
using HAN and not necessarily representative of a larger test pool or market study. ............................. 29
Table 9 Potential energy and cost savings with respect to DR days per year, PTR incentives based on
current program specifications .............................................................................................................. 31
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Introduction
Demand is the momentary use of power from the grid and is of great importance to both the power
generator (Utility) and the power consumer (Customer). During peak hours and especially during Critical
Peak Pricing (CPP) events, the ability for a utility to maintain electric reliability to all its customers is at
risk, and customers experience significant cost increases.
Energy and demand cost can vary significantly with time of use as illustrated below.
Figure 1: Electricity rate variance with time of use (TOU)
At first sight, it would seem utilities stand to benefit from peak-time high-$ sales of electricity. However,
in today’s marketplace electricity supply is limited, and as prices increase so does cost. Gradually, it
becomes difficult for utilities to meet the market’s demand altogether during peak times. This is further
compounded by steady demand increases for the foreseeable future – according to the California
Energy Demand 2010-2020 Adopted Forecast, Non-Coincidental Peak demand in California is forecasted
to increase at 1.3% per year from 2010 to 2018. [15]
Therefore, utilities benefit from managing peak demand in several ways:
Increased grid stability
Ability to service more customers with existing generation & distribution facilities
Lower normalized operating cost, i.e. increased profitability
Utility customers benefit from managing peak demand in terms of cost savings
Home appliances and space heating and cooling consume a large portion of a residential customer’s
energy bill. This bill has the potential to be reduced if the devices within the home were to be more
efficiently managed. Customers would be able to manage their own energy consumption better if
provided with more information on where they have the potential to save energy.
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The HAN with Mobile Apps that is being reviewed herein is a compilation of ‘smart’ devices integrated
into a Home Area Network (HAN) that allow a user to be able to monitor and control his/her own energy
consumption and be able to cut back on consumption during times when energy rates are at their
highest.
The devices being reviewed are not meant to improve efficiency of an existing appliance or HVAC but
allow a user to be able to control its use more effectively. The devices are additions that give the
appliance(s) the ability to be controlled remotely and also provide the user with useful information on
their energy use. At certain times during the year, the utilities will enact a ‘Demand Response (DR)’
period which means it is a time of high energy consumption and to keep up with electrical demand it
encourages users to individually reduce their energy use. During these DR evens, appliances can actively
be turned off or curtailed to save the customer money during times when electricity rates are at their
highest.
As seen in Figure 2, energy efficiency and demand reduction balance out the daily demand for energy.
This makes the Utility more capable in supplying the required amount of electricity to its consumers at a
minimal cost.
Again, these products alone will not provide savings based on energy efficiency of the existing device,
but will allow the user to control their energy consumption more effectively to cut back on active energy
use.
Figure 2 Utility and Customer advantages to energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and peak-load shift (PLS). [8]
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Project Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate the DR capability of this HAN with Mobile Apps and to assess
the overall usability and functionality of the devices from user surveys. Please see Host System on page
17 for a more detailed description of the particular system used in this study. A collection of residential
homes that passed predetermined selection criteria were used in the field evaluation.
The purpose of our evaluation is to determine the efficacy of the technology with a focus on DR (does
the product function as intended), and quantify its use within the context of energy, demand, and cost.
We will also review its usability, ease of installation, and its ability to respond effectively to a simulated
DR event. We go beyond one particular vendor, and assess benefits, validity and potential of the
technology as a whole. We also briefly describe the marketplace, as well as applicable codes and
standards.
Our study took place in San Diego Gas & Electric territory; however, the results should be applicable
throughout most of California due to consistent legislation and tariffs throughout the state.
In our Project Results section, emphasis is placed on the following aspects.
Verification of system operation and design
Do the devices correctly respond to a DR event?
Do the devices’ responses to a simulated DR event result in an overall power drop?
Do the devices correctly monitor the energy consumption or status of the items that they are connected to or are controlling?
Are the devices continuously networked and able to communicate effectively?
Does the system effectively alert for DR events and give users options to accept/decline?
Potential energy and demand savings
We observe potential energy and demand savings. By simulating a DR event in the manner that the
Utility would perform the event, the power drop can be compared between the output of the HAN
technology and a precisions meter. We perform savings calculations based on estimated power drop of
various residential appliances from previous research reports.
Customer feedback
We developed a user survey to determine the demographics of the customers who these devices were
tested with and their overall response to the technology. This was done to help understand the barriers
to market implementation and acceptance across different markets. Some of the questions included:
Does the customer like the system?
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Does the customer like each individual product/device?
How frequently does the user actually take advantage of the technology?
Would the customer user this vendor’s product even without the mobile application feature?
What would he improve to make the system more attractive?
Applicability of SDG&E incentive and rebate programs
We review various SDG&E programs with respect to this technology, and provide recommendations for
where we believe program support may apply.
Finally, we conclude our study with a discussion of
Benefits of HAN technology
Improvement opportunities for the tested product
Applicability of this study to other load types, sectors, and sizes
Considerations for large-scale market implementation
Potential future study
HAN with mobile relevance with respect to Smart Grid Roadmap
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Applicable Codes and Standards
Most of the standards and codes that relate to the HAN devices will pertain directly to the home
appliance DR system that they are being used in conjunction with, i.e. electrical standards for home
appliances such as UL listings or ENERGY STAR ratings.
California Title 20 has a regulation requiring pool pumps that are replacements and 1 hp or larger, must
be two speed or variable-speed. The 240V load controller device only is wired to work on two phase
pumps so any newer variable speed pumps may not be compatible with this regulation.
Currently there are proposals for future Title 24 amendments that may encompass these devices. There
is a specific proposal for Programmable Communicating Thermostats (PCT). The proposed measure title
is Residential Demand Responsive Thermostatic Controls. The measure is a proposal for a Title 24 2013
update and would require setback thermostats (as referenced in 2008 Title 26 Section 6 Section 112(c))
to be Upgradeable Setback Thermostats (USTs). This would give the specific thermostats the ability to
add a communication module. [1][2]
There are also different organizations that are well-known alliances related to the HAN market space.
They set up their own standards and certifications for HAN products whereby they can place their logo
on products that have met their criteria. These include HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Z-Wave Alliance,
and ZigBee Alliance.
HomePlug certifies products that use the IEEE 1901 standard which concerns devices that communicate
over in-home power-lines. This type of certification also allows the consumers who buy HomePlug
products to be confident that they will work together. [3]
Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communications protocol designed for home automation, specifically to
remotely control applications in residential and small commercial environments. The technology uses
low-power RF radio to communicate which avoids the 2.4 GHz frequency that is common with many
other (not HAN) products that may cause interference. These devices that follow this protocol are
compatible with one another. [5]
The ZigBee standard is a wireless technology standard that communicates over the 2.4 GHz frequency.
It is based off of the IEEE 802.15.4 that concerns low- power short-range wireless protocols. Multiple
devices are able to communicate with each other on a ZigBee network. [4]
The technology reviewed uses dual protocols, RF and Powerline, for communications. It is has
established its own alliance that use dual band communications. This is beneficial with shared products
having multiple interfaces to communicate, but SDG&E Smart Meters use ZigBee. So if the vendor
technology wishes to integrate with the Smart Meters in the future it will need to incorporate a ZigBee
communication module.
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Market Overview
Opportunity SDG&E installed approximately 1.4 million Smart Meters from 2007-2011, covering residential and small
business customers, with about 300,000 more to come. This was the initial infrastructure needed to be
able to integrate Home Area Networks with the Utility. All of these customers are theoretically
applicable to the HAN technology because it monitors appliances and allows for control of them to
regulate energy consumption. However, as done in this review, the most applicable customers and
those who would be most advised to take advantage of this technology, are those that consume larger
amounts of peak energy. The large amount of consumption usually arises from sources such as pool
pumps and air conditioning units; these appliances are also the primary focus in regulation with HAN
technology. The increase in amount of all-electric homes, which include electric water heaters, stoves,
and dryers, will help influence the growth of this technology. Also, although this technology is applicable
as a standalone system for monitoring and control, we determine that it will be more desirable to those
wishing to participate in DR events. The dramatic increase in smart phone use also makes the
availability of a mobile app a great advantage to this specific vendor.
Table 1 and Table 2 data are taken from a paper by JBS Energy on behalf of the CPUC, reviewing load
research data and economic, demographic, and appliance saturation characteristics of CA Utility
Residential customers taken from CA RASS data. The data displayed is specifically of SDG&E statistics
and overview usage and tier rates against common high energy consumption appliances. [11]
Table 1 Customer statistics evaluated against 1.24M installed Smart Meters in SDG&E territory
Table 1 shows SDG&E statistics for customers and the rate tiers that they average in. The tables also
show the percent of those customers that have high peak consumption in summer months which was
calculated by comparing summer months against March and April. SDG&E? and JBS Energy concluded
this peak directly towards AC usage in summer months. Because the evaluated HAN technology has one
main focus of reducing energy during peak hours, we will deem these ‘peaked’ customers as a primary
market for this technology along with those that have received a Smart Meter in the SDG&E territory.
This results in about 126,000 customers or 10% or those with Smart Meters as a potential market. [11]
Small Customers
Approximate kWh <425 425-600 600-900 900-1500 >1500
% of customers 53.80% 19.50% 15.50% 8.90% 2.20%
Aprox Smart Meter customers 666,582 241,605 192,045 110,271 27,258 1,239,000
% peaked 7.60% 7.00% 15.60% 15.30% 43.50%
Potential optimal customers 50,660 16,912 29,959 16,871 11,857 126,260
Percent 10.19%
Large Customers
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Table 2 Customer tiers/usage against large appliances
Table 2 may be used to further narrow down the applicable market for HAN technology. This would
show an even more like category than Table 1 that would take the most advantage of this technology.
Also, by showing the population that has a pool and air conditioning mirrors the category of customers
that were filtered for in this field evaluation. This would result in the most applicable customers coming
from those over 900kWh of energy consumption, which was the case in the field evaluation.
It is difficult to produce a realistic estimate of potential energy savings or reduction of power because
the power drops will be dependent on customer behavior and control strategy. If a customer
determines they need appliances more or less on certain demand days, it will influence their option to
opt in or out of an event. Also all customers will vary in their potential power drop capabilities as well.
As shown in this field evaluation, power drops ranged from 0.1 kW to 1.9 kW even though the test field
was already filtered out of customers of high electric bills and owning specific appliances. So obviously
even with a filter the range is very wide and the resultant power drops will be very customer dependent.
A load impact study in 2011 of HAN devices estimates the of power drop potential from each device,
found below. But as stated earlier, each customer can customize their settings so these numbers can
easily vary.
Table 3 Estimated power drop potential from HAN devices
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Products and Systems
The following is a list of vendors in the Home Area Network sector. 1
Aclara[12]
Calico[13]
Control4[15]
Energate[16]
EnergyHub[17]
General Electric[18]
Insteon[19]
Opower[20]
Silver Spring Networks[21]
Space-Time Insight[22]
Universal Devices[23]
1 The list is in alphabetical order, provided as is, not exhaustive, and the selection is arbitrary. The authors of this report do not endorse or guarantee, and disclaim any responsibility for: the content, products or services offered, their performance or suitability, and any consequences or damages, incidental or otherwise, that may result from their consideration or use.
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Project Results
Host System Overview
The HAN provided by this vendor includes various devices that are able to communicate with a home
gateway. This allows for all devices within the house to be monitored and information on energy
consumption can be observed, and in response specific devices may be controlled. The system is able to
receive DR event notices from the utility so that the consumer has the option to respond accordingly to
the event, they may choose to opt-in or –out automatically as well. This will result in an instantaneous
demand reduction and thereby possibly adhere to a specific energy rate plan that the user may be
enrolled in.
Following is a brief description of the devices that are included by this vendor and part of the Home
Area Network (not all may be included at every residence due to lack of appliances owned by home
owner). This includes the list of controlled points.
ModemPCT adapter
Programmable Communicating
Thermostat (PCT)
Outlet Energy Monitor
Plug Load Controller
Vendor Server
Web Portal
iPhone./Droid App
Wireless RouterGateway
Home Monitoring
System
CT Clamps
(Home Electrical Panel)
Ethernet
Ethernet
RF/Powerline
Base Wire
RF
RF/Powerline
RJ45
RF/Powerline
RF/Powerline
Internet
Internet
Internet
Load Controller
Figure 3 Vendor system overview and connectivity
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Device Purpose Data
Mobile App (2 versions)
Used to monitor all devices and control devices that are plugged into the PLC
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the mobile phone is alerted.
Gateway Home base that collects and sends information between devices and puts it on the portal
Functionality: Check that device information on portal is accurate.
Modem Provides the link between the EMS and the controllable devices; reads RF, powerline, and zigbee
Functionality: Cannot directly check but will be confirmed from other devices.
Programmable Communicating Thermostat(PCT) adapter
Allows RF communication between the thermostat and modem
Functionality: Cannot directly check but will be confirmed from the thermostat.
Hardwired Load Control
Used to control/monitor pool pump
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the Controller responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event.
Plug Load Controller (PLC)
Used to control devices that are plugged in
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the appliance responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event.
Outlet Energy Monitor
Used to monitor energy usage of plugged devices
Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements from each of the plugged devices.
Lamp Dimmer (not shown in figure)
Used to control lamps including the power
Functionality: Confirm that the lamps respond correctly to controls. Accuracy: Confirm the power difference when controls are used.
PCT Programmable thermostat used to control temperature
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the thermostat responds correctly. This will also check the Thermostat Adapter
Web Portal Used to program schedules and settings into the thermostat and other devices linked together
Functionality: Confirm that the program acts accordingly by observing the system as a whole.
Home Monitoring System
Used to monitor power consumption then is sent to the portal via gateway
Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements from the home consumption.
Table 4 Devices from same vendor that may be included in field evaluation of HAN
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System deployment and operations-related roles and responsibilities
Once the HAN system has been purchased, the end-user is responsible for installation and configuration.
However, due to the complexity of this system and possible issues during installation and professional
installer will likely be used. The system used in the field evaluation required direct access into the
electrical panel to install CT clamps and also wiring of a 240V line to install the load controller. These
tasks are best left to professional electricians.
After installation, the user can configure and program the system themselves. Although, it was noted
that this system was difficult to configure for the average homeowner.
List of controlled points
As stated previously, this review is largely purposed for user feedback/evaluation. Thus the field
evaluation will have various ‘controlled points’ based on user set-up and response to DR events. The
HAN is able to communicate with various devices as shown in Table 4.
Sequence of operations
See Figure 3 for device connection diagram.
Again, due to the customer’s ownership of specific home appliance, different combination of home
devices will be used for the field evaluation. Main appliances/devices owned by customers include AC
units, pool pumps, outdoor lights, indoor lights, TVs, radios, and computers. Combinations of
controllable appliances are based on preferences; some customers may want to control indoor lighting
and AC, while others may just want to control their pool pump. Their settings will be created in the web
portal and viewable in the mobile app as well.
This specific vendor’s products communicate via either/both existing in-home power-lines or/and low-
power RF. Various devices, known as ‘phase bridges’, allow for the cross-over between RF
communication and power-line, such as the lamp-specific controller and product modem.
Once the devices are configured according to each individual installation/connection procedures, they
can be controlled and monitored with the vendor’s online portal. The user has the ability to configure
each device and its response to a DR event. These may vary by user and device and the settings will all
be documented and related to the energy drop caused by a simulated DR event, which is part of the
M&V.
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System cost and cost-influencing factors
Table 5 Initial cost of individual products with approximate installation costs per house
There are a few factors that will affect the initial cost of the technology. The size of the system and its
complexity will alter the cost of the system. If it is large with a lot of devices to be installed this will
increase the time of installation. Also, if there are a lot of issues with range, connectivity, or installation
locations, then the installation time will also increase. The amount of devices desired to be used with
the Home Area Network will increase the cost as well since the system is priced per device.
At this time there are no plans for incremental costs. After the initial purchase and installation, the user
should not incur and additional fees outside of desired upgrades or additions.
Preliminary Lab Test Results Preliminary installation and performance tests were performed in a laboratory environment prior to
actual in-home field evaluations. The lab test was performed at UCSD and was independent of the field
evaluation. Below are the summarized results of the testing,
Ease of Installation
Difficult to install
o communication between devices and home base was continuously lost
o took approx. 14 hours for one installation with a lot of trial and error
o range was an issue: need extenders if working with large homes
o needed special tools to check for interference
Item Quantity Price
Orchestrator 1 $189.00
Home Energy Monitor (7 Channels) 1 $225.00
Dual band Modem 1 $40.00
Load Controller 1 $60.00
Thermostat 1 $80.00
Keypad controller 1 $35.00
Dedicated Lamp Dimmer 1 $22.00
Plugin relay 1 $17.50
Plugin energy monitor 1 $20.00
Portal and Hosting 1 $150.00
Iphone App 1 $0.00
Installation (@$120/hr) 8 hours $960.00
Total per Installation $1,798.50
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Ease of Use
Medium Difficulty
Consumer interface is easy to read and navigate, but has “bugs”
Installer interface is cluttered with multiple tabs and missing explanations on some functions
o Programming devices is difficult—not something that someone who has no prior
knowledge of programming is able to do easily
Connectivity
Connection between device and gateway is often lost
Difficult to establish connection to the gateway from the devices
When using power line, the power lines must be bridged otherwise cannot connect devices
o Installer needs good knowledge of power line phases
Accessibility (ex: home network, web server, etc)
The whole portal is accessible through home network as well as on the web
Accessible through website
Advantages (compared to other vendors)
Can view energy usage through iPhone/Android app
Multiple apps available for this product
can control devices remotely
o on/fast on/ off/ fast off
Programmable
o can write program that allows certain appliances to turn off or on depending on time
Makes all information available on installer screen
Disadvantages
Connectivity
o difficult to devices
· information such as device type, device ID
· information must be re-typed if attempt to connect fails
range can become an issue
o need a dimmer switch to make a bridge
Programming is difficult
programming language can be overwhelming for those with no programming experience
Supplied 240V Load controller was not rated for outdoor use
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Evaluation of system operation and design in customer homes
Overall, there are two main quantitative points that must be measured to accomplish the tasks that
have been previously mentioned. Primarily, use of the DR functionality of the HAN must result in a
measureable drop in energy consumption during a simulated event and function properly during/after
the event. Secondly, the gateway and mobile app must accurately measure/display the energy
consumption of the home and/or devices.
Do the devices correctly respond to a DR event? YES
All devices responded appropriately to the DR events. Based on the configuration, customers were
alerted via email, text message, iPhone/android phone application, or the media center app. The table
below shows the various DR devices used in the test and their response to the DR event notification.
Also, as shown in the Project Plan, not every customer had every device.
Table 6 Various DR enabled devices response to event
As shown in the table the devices all appropriately responded to a simulated DR event. However, they
posed issues after the event had ended. All of the devices would not revert to their original settings and
continued as if still in an event. Also, this same issue occurred if a customer wished to opt-out of an
event, in which they would not be able to return their devices to their normal programming.
Do the devices’ responses to a simulated DR event result in an overall power drop? Yes
All of the homes surveyed showed an overall power drop during the simulated DR event. The power
drops varied depending on the DR enabled devices that were installed on the specific homes and how
they were programmed to respond.
Do the devices correctly monitor the energy consumption or status of the items that they are
connected to or are controlling? Not always
During energy measurements, it was shown that the reported values of the energy consumption of
appliances were variably inaccurate. The total energy consumption value reported by the HAN in one
instance was inaccurate at approximately 50% of the actual measured value. This issue was discovered
to be part of an installation issue where an installed CT clamp was not completely closed.
DR Enables Device Response to Event Correct? After Event Correct? Opt-out Correct?
Programmable
Thermostat
Decreased or increased
programmed amount of
degrees (>2 degrees) Yes
Returned to previous
settings Yes
Did not revert to
original settings No
Lamp Dimmer Lamp Dimmed Yes
Returned to previous
settings Yes
Did not revert to
original settings No
Outlet Control Turn off outlet Yes
Returned to previous
settings Yes
Did not revert to
original settings No
Pool Pump Control
Pump turned off or operated
on a 2 minute duty cycle Yes
Returned to previous
settings Yes
Did not revert to
original settings No
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The inaccuracy of these values doesn’t influence the functionality of the devices. However, for users
intending to track their energy consumption using these values, they will be working with inaccurate
data. This may result incorrectly planning energy budgets, paybacks for their system, or adding to the
HAN.
NOTE:
The reviewed setup monitors energy via CT clamps at the home’s electrical panel. Another, more recent,
product by the vendor adds an additional device allowing the network to be able to communicate
directly to a home’s Smart Meter. This would help to avoid connectivity issues and simplify installation.
However, the company’s availability to offer the method used in the evaluation is positive to early
adopters who may not have a smart meter installed.
Does the system effectively alert for DR events and give users options to accept/decline? Yes
All the homes in the field evaluation were alerted to the DR event and given the option to opt-in/out
over the portal. Email was the most consistent method and all users verified that they received this
form of alert. Whenever so configured, customers also reported that they were alerted via a mobile
text message and on the HAN central console unit.
The phone app current version at the time of the evaluation (iPhone/android) didn’t alert the customer
that a DR event was in progress and didn’t have an option to opt-in/out. Customers still would be able
to participate in events if they had their system to automatically opt-in but may cause frustration if they
are not easily able to opt out. The opposite is also true where if customers atomically opt-out but are
not notified or easily able to participate in events.
The mobile app vendor recognizes these drawbacks and states this is work in progress at the moment.
The vendor stated that the newest version will contain DR support allowing the user to view DR
messages and prices, and Opt-in/out messages.
Are the devices able to communicate effectively as designed? Yes
However, there were various intermittent connectivity issues that arose on multiple devices.
The HAN had trouble communicating (delayed readings) with the meter due to the customer having a metal garage door.
A thermostat repeatedly lost connection which was sourced to having interference with a baby monitor. During troubleshooting for this issue, the system had to be reset and the rest of the system’s settings were lost.
When the program opens on the mobile app, the device displays ‘not found’ every time, then works
The mobile app took about 15 seconds for a command to go through
The vendor has made comments that a new software updates to the mobile app reduces the frequency
of connectivity error; however, this version has not been tested.
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Customer feedback from in-home testing
After installation and the home evaluation of the HAN devices the users were asked to complete a
demographical survey and respond to the specific technology that was installed in their home. This will
allow us to identify the potential market for expansion and how easily it could be integrated into a
home. The reader should note that this survey was not made to supply representative data of a mass
market implementation and is not normalized for this purpose. Thus, the survey results are meant to be
purely informational.
Customer Details
As detailed in the M&V Plan [page 45], a selection criterion was established to choose what users would
be focused on for the field evaluations. This included mostly home feature that would be common for a
user of this type of technology, such as higher energy bills, and appliances such as AC and pool pumps.
The survey gathered personal data that may be used as input to the design of a market study to
determine how wide of a population would be interested in this product, as well. The survey
determined that there was no specification to age within the study with home owners ranging from 25
to 65+. Also, the amount of people living in the home ranged from 2-5. The most important trait that all
homeowners in the survey had that at least one person in the household was employed in a technical
field. This included: telecommunications or internet services, building or controls management systems,
home automation, or other electronics, electrical, hardware or software engineering.
Properties of the home were included in the survey and most metrics showed that these didn’t
influence to overall benefits of the technology. Although energy bills were required to be higher, this
included a wide range of square footage that a house may have, ranging from 1610 to 3900 sq. ft. The
age of the homes ranged from new to 40 years as well.
Customer Energy Habits
Part of the survey given was to survey the energy consciousness of the users. These questions were
used to determine how much knowledge the users had on their energy consumption and if they were
proactive on finding possible way to reduce their usage base for environmental or financial reasons.
Overall, all the customers in the survey were energy conscious. Within the past 2 years they had all at
least employed CFL or other energy efficient light bulbs; this was also a measure that they all desired to
expand within the next year. The following figure, Figure 4, shows energy efficient methods that the
users currently take advantage of or plan to in the next 12 months.
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Figure 4 Number of users that have already employed energy efficient technologies and plan to in the upcoming year
The users in the evaluation also had some knowledge of how the utility works. The users at least “knew
something about it” when asked on their level of knowledge to smart meters, time of use (TOU) pricing,
and demand response. Also, 4 out of the 5 users responded that someone in their household stays on
top or new developments in energy efficiency, smart applications, home automation, and renewable
energy. Lastly, customers were surveyed on how they do or will shop on future smart appliance; the
results are shown in Table 7.
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Table 7 How customers currently/or plan to shop for smart appliances
Figure 5 User feedback on potential HAN product purchases
1 (most) Rebates or cost incentirve
2 Total Cost
3 Ability to save money on energy costs
4 Brand
5Ability to monitor/control via internet or
smartphone
6 (least) Ability to get maintainance/repair alerts
Ranking in importants of product features when
purchasing a smart appliance
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Product Feedback
Concerning feedback on the actual product, the users were asked a series of question and they were
asked to determine their personal agreement. The questions are seen below in Figure 6
Figure 6 Product user evaluations statements/question
Figure 7 Customer need for mobile app.
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As can be seen in the figures, there was positive overall feedback with the HAN devices. Users
responded that they used the product(s) frequently and thought they were generally easy to use. This
also may be slightly skewed because the majority of users also responded that they considered
themselves tech savvy, which a lot of the general population may not.
There were two areas of concern though. The customers were about neutral (half for and half against)
about the online customer portal. One user was not happy with his experience as well. Also, the users
overall responded that they would not purchase this product if it were not for the mobile app capability.
This is in agreement with the users responding that they use the mobile app frequently. This can clearly
show that mobile access for control and monitoring that this technology focuses on is a priority for users
in HAN technology adoption.
The full survey results can be seen in the appendix.
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Energy and demand savings
Energy and demand savings will inherently occur if the customer “opts-in” to a load reduction during a
demand event. Although, the numerical amount of load that is reduced directly depends on the
customer and variables such as DR enabled devices, consumption of each device, how the customer
wishes to reduce load of each device during an event, and what tariff the customer is on. Due to these
variables, it can only be said that if a customer participates in a DR event and reduces load, their overall
energy consumption will be reduced and reflected by their control strategy on these devices.
Table 8 Graphical representation of power drop of a specific sector in home during simulated DR event, involving a thermostat and pool pump (6:29 pm-6:39pm). NOTE: Figure is an example of power drop using HAN and not necessarily representative of a larger test pool or market study.
The overall power drops ranged from as little as 0.1kW to as high as 1.9kW. The low end involved a
customer who only employed one thermostat and a few dimmable lights; however, the home only had
heat and no AC, so there wasn’t anything in use with this thermostat and the test basically just dimmed
a few lights. The high end power drop involved a customer who was using two thermostats both with
AC, two appliance controllers, and a pool controller. The DR event resulted in dropping both AC
temperatures by 5 degrees each and turned off the appliances and the pool pump completely.
The field evaluation taken in the study of this technology did show an overall power drop during a
simulated Demand Event. As stated earlier, the drops were uncorrelated to each other due to the large
variance in device and control strategies. Savings are also variable year to year as well which makes
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them difficult to predict. The Utility enacts Demand Events during time of extremely high consumption,
which is usually correlated to weather patterns. Since these are nearly impossible to predict well
enough to create a savings chart, savings can only be predicted based on estimated DR days and
potential load drops for devices.
Overall, it is important to note that savings and payback times for similar projects will vary with the
following:
Initial cost of device and installation
Utility rates and incentives
Control strategy
Individual appliance energy consumption
Frequency of Utility enacted Demand Events
Actual energy savings were not recorded due to the Demand Response events being demonstrational
and lasting less than 10 minutes. The objective within the study was to monitor a power drop to
measure potential of enabled devices that are controlled during a Demand Event. However, results
from 2011 SDG&E pilot programs estimate power drops from DR events as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Load drop during DR events from 2011 HAN pilot program
By using this table, average load drop per installation can be calculated. If it is assumed that each
residential customer uses a thermostat, load control pool pump switch and a plug load controller switch
for small appliances they will drop 0.49 kW, 1.5kW, and 0.06 kW, respectively. This adds up to 2.05 kW
potential power drop for each HAN installation.
This data can also be used to show estimated energy savings per year for the residential customer.
SDG&E uses standard DR events to last from 11am to 6pm, which is a 7 hour time span. By using an
average power drop of 2.05kW drop for a DR event, this can be extended into potential energy and cost
savings per year depending on the number of DR events per year, as shown in
Customer Type HAN Device Type Units kW/Unit Total kW Total MW
Small Customer Thermostats (PCT) 500 0.8 400 0.4
Residential Thermostats (PCT) 350 0.49 171.5 0.1715
Residential
Load Control Switch for
pool pumps 40 1.5 60 0.06
Residential
Plug Load Control switch for
small appliances 300 0.06 18 0.018
Total 649.5 0.649
Based on 2011 HAN Pilots
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Table 9 Potential energy and cost savings with respect to DR days per year, PTR incentives based on current program specifications
For reference purposes, SDG&E labeled the following amount of days ‘DR days’ in the associated years:
2 in 2008, 9 in 2009, 14 in 2010, and 6 in 2011.
Installation Experience
Overall Physical Installation
The installation process was difficult. Communications between the devices and the home base was
continuously lost, and one technician took 6 hours to physically install the devices. Range was also an
issue with a consistent need for range extenders if working with mid-sized homes
Issues during installation
The installation kitting was sometimes found not to be complete; for instance, an Ethernet cable was not provided.
The pool controller and the electrical meter (w/ CT clamps) were not rated for outdoor use. In one installation, the pool controller was conveniently located in an enclosed room but this is not always predictable, so this can cause installation difficulties or need for addition enclosures. At another install, a weatherproof box had to be purchased to be able to install the electrical meter.
During installation of the wireless thermostats, the RF modem was unable to connect to neither of two thermostats. A dual mode dimmer (used as a phase bridge) needed to be used to make the connection.
One customer owned a new 3-phase pool pump which is a new variable speed pump. The vendor controller is only functional towards 2-phase pumps and there were no 3-phase controllers available.
DR days/yearAnnual kwh
saved
Annual savings
($0.16 per kWh)
Annual savings with PTR
incentive ($0.75/kWh
drop)
Annual savings with
PTR incentives using
enabling technology
($1.25/kwh drop)
2 28.70 $4.59 $26.12 $40.47
3 43.05 $6.89 $39.18 $60.70
4 57.40 $9.18 $52.23 $80.93
8 114.80 $18.37 $104.47 $161.87
10 143.50 $22.96 $130.59 $202.34
12 172.20 $27.55 $156.70 $242.80
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One home owner, post-primary installation, moved the modem out of a wall socket and placed it into a surge protector. This created problems in connecting to the switches and needed to be directly plugged into the wall.
One of the home energy monitors required drilling through a cabinet and then into the electrical meter from behind. This caused a connection issue and two repeaters needed to be installed.
Future issues dealing with the energy monitor/meter and its installation into the electrical panel
shouldn’t be greatly focused on because this is currently a method by the vendor allowing users to
monitor home energy without relaying the information from Smart meters (which are not broadcasting
yet). When they begin broadcasting, the vendor has a device able to wireless communicate with the
meter, so these installation issues will not occur.
Overall Programming
The user has poor usability and lack of context help. Programming the devices was difficult and would
not be easily completed by the average home owner. Although, it was noted that the system in general
would be very useful for someone with a programming background due to the amount of customization
available.
Issues during device setup
The HAN control unit (out-of-box) needed to have a firmware upgrade to work with the portal.
The devices’ ‘search mode’, which would allow for easy connecting, was not reliable.
The HAN control unit did not work well with older computers; one instance showed the login screen reappearing. Vendor confirmed problem and noted that this is a potential problem with computers over 5 years old.
Once installation are streamlined, if a mass market implementation is considered, the setup of a basic
configuration may be cheaper because common installation problems, like above, will be fixed.
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Applicability of IOU programs and tariffs
San Diego Gas & Electric provides various customer rates that fit a wide variety of groups. Currently
there are no customary plans that provide benefits to residential customers that are willing to alter
energy usage according to peak times or demand events.[6]
Schedule PTR
This program is currently active at the time of this report. This program is called “Schedule PTR (Peak
Time Rebate)”. The Schedule is applicable to customers receiving electric bundled residential service
through a residential rate schedule that requires separate metering. CARE customers and Net Energy
Metering customers are also eligible. The program provides bill credits based on kWh reductions (from a
baseline) during peak time hours, known as Peak Time Rebate (PTR) event. Customers that participate
this solely by reducing their energy consumption during PTR hours will receive a $0.75/ kWh bill credit
for their efforts. However if the customer has enabling technology, such as HAN devices, they will
receive a higher rate of $1.25/kWh.
On this schedule the Utility will notify customers of PTR events by mass media, e-mail, and will post
notification on the Utility’s website. The technology that is considered ‘Enabling’ is defined to be
technology which can be initiated via a signal from the Utility that will reduce electric energy end-use for
specific electric equipment or appliances, is included in a designated Utility demand response program,
and has been registered with the Utility by the customer. [6]
Other Residential Programs
The Utility also offers various other programs/schedules that rate customers can be on. The schedules
include DR (Domestic Residential), DR-TOU (Domestic Time of Use), DR-SES ( Domestic with Solar Energy
Systems), E-CARE (Alternative Rate Programs) and other programs of various specific purposes such as
multifamily or Electric Vehicle Services. None of these programs benefit via incentive or rebate for
reducing load specifically during a Demand Event. Although, regardless of program, shedding load at a
needed time is beneficial to the Utility and also to the customer by reducing their personal
consumption. DR-TOU may result in the most benefit for a DR enabled technology because demand
event occur during the hours of 12-6pm, during which TOU customers are “on-peak”. Also, there are no
active programs that give benefit to customers who are using Demand Response enabled devices. [6]
Potential Future Programs
SDG&E’s destination with these pilot programs is to eventually transmission to a more real-time/time of
day pricing schedule. As will be discusses later (Pg 39 “HAN impact to SDG&E roadmap”) SDG&E is
slated to come out with more pilots in the next few years to introduce enabled technology and demand
reduction to the public.[7]
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Conclusions
Benefits of HAN with Mobile Apps
The HAN device with Mobile Applications showed a variety of potential benefits to the customers
depending on how they chose to use the technology and to what extent. As stated earlier, the
maximum applicability and usefulness of the technology depended on a customer’s energy
consumption, demand-enabled devices, control strategies implemented, and desire to use the benefits
of the technology. The benefits of Home Area Network with Mobile Apps knowledge and technology
span a variety of areas: customer use of new technology, appliance control, Utility communication,
reduced energy bills, and comparisons with other HAN technologies.
Customer Use of New Technology
Customer feedback reports showed that Mobile Apps integration with Home Area Network technology
would be crucial to the adoption of this technology specific to this vendor. Although only 5 users were
exposed and evaluated with this technology, over half responded that they would not purchase this
technology if it didn’t include a mobile application. So they fact that this was included in the package
was a large benefit. Since information was accessible through an online portal users were able to
monitor their energy consumption (although current inaccurate) via the mobile app. The mobile app
also allows users to control their appliances remotely and respond to DR events. This will help make it
more convenient for users to learn and participate in Demand programs and events.
Appliance Control
Home Area Network technology allows for the next phase of appliance control. By making all appliances
linked via a central hub and given the ability to communicate, customers can take advantage of this new
knowledge to orchestrate energy use and adapt to more energy conscious behaviors. With the online
portal or online app users will be able to control lamps, fans, thermostats, or pool pumps at a single
location to help curb energy consumption during a utility DR event or any other purpose. This capability
will empower users to fully control their home energy and eliminate waste. The user survey showed
that the user interface was easy to use as well which is a benefit for this vendor.
Utility Communication
Benefits to Utility and communication with the Utility are a part of the SDG&E road map that HAN is
evolving on and by having the capability to communicate in any way is a benefit. Currently the
evaluated HAN technology is only able to communicate with the utility via an online portal. From this
gateway, the utility can announce DR events and also monitor a response from the customer with
regards to a power drop. Currently, there is a rate schedule entitled Peak Time Rebate (PTR) which
allows a customer to receive incentives by the amount of power shed during a DR event. This will allow
the customer to maximize efficiency with their energy budgets and consumption. Also, the PTR
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schedule also offers an even larger incentive to those that use DR enabled devices such as HAN
technology.
In the field evaluation, the technology allowed communication with the Utility solely by the online
portal. However, the vendor does provide an alternate solution of an additional device that is capable
of communicating with the smart meter. This will allow the HAN to directly receive price and DR
messages. This was not evaluated because the Utility Smart Meters currently do not broadcast
anything. Although, it will be more advantageous for the Utility to communicate with the HAN via the
smart meter, by having the ability to communicate with an online portal and with DR enabled devices
the vendor provides an excellent alternative that allows for communication.
Reduce Energy Bills
Given the option and taking advantage of Demand Response load reduction, customer energy bills will
be reduced by simply consuming less, regardless of the time of day or purpose. Also, if rate schedule
schedules include incentives for shedding load during Demand events a customer can receive a
monetary incentive, they may be able to earn even more if they are using enabled appliances.
Mobile Apps also gives customers the ability to remotely monitor their energy use outside of their
home. If they leave certain appliances on or leave set-points on thermostats too high, they have the
ability to turn them off and conserve energy.
Comparison with Other HAN devices/systems
The vendor HAN technology evaluated here poses some advantages over other technologies. One
advantage is that most of the devices on this system were designed with multiple two types of
communications methods, RF and Powerline. This allows for some redundancies in the system in case
there are issues with communication distances or breaks in the system (such as separate electric
grids/meters).
The Online portal that is accessible by the Utility is also a great advantage. Although the Utility does not
guarantee reliable communication via the internet for DR events, it still allows customers to be
messaged and participate in events and possible receive incentives for their participation.
The mobile apps, although with customer recommended improvements, is still a great benefit. By
allowing customers to monitor their energy consumption in real-time with their phone (as opposed to a
stand along portal device) information is much more accessible and greatly encourages use and
‘customer empowerment’.
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System Improvement Opportunities
There were various areas that customers/installers commented about that should be focused on for
areas of system improvement: installation design/obstacles, communication issues, DR functionality,
and customer expectations on usability.
Installation
The installation process, while not a primary focus on the HAN evaluation, still allowed for some
recommended improvements to the design. Like stated earlier, since there were only 5 customers
evaluated, there is high probability that the issues discovered would be more common in a larger test
field. General installation improvements included,
Design installation kitting more complete for various types of housing, or create optional
accessories/ add-ins that may be applicable to more specific house setups
o Installation difficulty included no having outdoor rated housings/devices
o Also, user discovered error with plugging modem through surge protector
State, prior to installation and/or purchase, common appliance that may interfere with
communications frequencies and possible fixes i.e. baby monitor
State list of compatible devices (or specifications) for in-line meters; user had issue with in-line
pool controller not being compatible with 2phase pump (controller required 3-phase)
Include electrical meter cross-checking during CT clamp installation; due to an incorrect
installation of CT clamp, the measured energy consumption was found to be 50% off at one
residents home.
NOTE: this issue will be avoided with inclusion of Smart Meter commutating device (currently available)
Communication
There were a few communication issues with different devices during the configuration of the vendor
devices. The sources of the errors were able to be discovered but some alteration to the design or
recommendation to setup may help avoid initial issues. These may be resolved with programming
design change or simple revised setup instructions.
Communication through a metal garage door delayed readings
Message of ‘not found’ displays every time when user opened program
As also stated in installation section, baby monitor interfered with devices
Demand Response Functionality
Demand Response is a key feature of this product to the Utility because it paves the way for more
established price driven rate schedules. This product showed some issues with DR regarding appliance
functionality; these issues appear to be software programming and can be easily improved.
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Customers request to ‘opt-out’ of DR functionality did not return system to normal settings
Customers were not able to opt-out via mobile app
NOTE: Vendor comments that these issues are resolved in current version of software.
Customer Expectations
User experience on this field evaluation is a priority of concern with the Utility. This helps to determine
large scale acceptance of HAN technology in a mass market deployment. These specific devices, once
fully commissioned, function well yet users still commented on certain expectation. These may or may
not have been negatives to the original design, simply general desires.
Customers expected mobile apps to display DR notifications
Mobile apps doesn’t provide a method for opting out of DR event
NOTE: Vendor comments that these issues are resolved in current version of software
General
The reviewed system receives home energy consumption by directly monitoring at the electrical panels.
This is a complicated installation procedure and as found, it incorrectly installed can give very inaccurate
results. It is highly recommended for the inclusion of the currently available device that can
communicate with the smart meters. This will avoid electrical work in the panels and allow for reliable
information from the Utility. This is only categorized as a system improvement solely because it was not
evaluated in this evaluation.
Applicability of case study findings to other load types, sectors, and sites
The technology included in the field evaluation is to be specifically used in residential homes at this
moment. Commercial and industrial already has much more complex methods of managing energy,
such as Building Management Systems, BMS. These usually have individuals dedicated to maintaining
building energy status as well.
This may be applicable to small office buildings where utilities may be of similar need as to large
residential customers. The incentives and rate schedules would not be classified under residential so
further research into the monetary value and applicability would be needed.
Considerations for large-scale and persistent market implementation
Currently, in regards to monitoring and controlling devices, this technology is ready for large scale
implementation into a large number of residential homes. The user feedback was overall positive to the
technology with an affinity towards the mobile applications. Also, if measuring actual energy usage is an
objective this technology needs fixes since the actual number output were very inaccurate.
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Some simplification into the initial configuration of the system may be desired. Of the users evaluated,
all had some technical background but still found issues difficult. However, one setup the users were
able to use the system easily and found it user friendly.
In the field evaluation DR implementation is possible through a signal given through the vendor’s
internet portal. If customer wide DR signals need to be given, then the Utility will need to communicate
over the web in addition to signals given via the Smart Meters. At current state, the web portal is
beneficial since no signals are actively being given over the Smart Meters so these customers still have a
method to communicate. However when Smart Meters become the main path of communication of DR
signals, communication of DR signals over internet may not be guaranteed by the Utility (currently
stated in the PTR program). At that point the vendor device capable of communicating with Smart
Meters is highly recommended.
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Impact of HAN devices to SDG&E (and other CA Utility) roadmap 2011-2020
The Home Area Network devices are currently in the field test stage within the CA Utility territories.
These devices represent the forward progress of the Utility to establish a smart grid and educate its
consumers on energy consciousness. [109]
Figure 9 SDG&E Home Area Network Time As of November 2011, excerpt taken from SDG&E Advice Letter 2307 [7]
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Figure 9 shows the general timeline that SDG&E has established for Home Area Network development
within its territory. The highlighted region represents ongoing projects within the HAN outline that may
pertain to the technology reviewed in this evaluation. As stated earlier the only current residential
schedule rate that takes advantage of HAN technology is the PTR. Along this same path, Optional TOD
(Time of Day) or Optional PSH (Peak Shift at Home) will follow, which are both schedules which will be
created to help level out a customer’s energy use throughout an entire day and eliminate peaks.
The second highlighted row within the timeline shows Zigbee standards’ development process. Zigbee is
a standard communications protocol used by Smart Meters to communicate with in-home utilities. This
type of communications makes Automated Demand Response directly from the Smart Meter possible.
However, the technology reviewed does not include a method for Zigbee communications. For the
simulated DR event a signal was put in via the vendor’s online portal. Although the lack of technology
may appear as a setback, with current issues slowing the establishment of Zigbee technology, by having
a functioning online portal a Utility still has a pathway to communicate to enabled devices. It is
important to note that currently the Utility specifically states in the PTR rate schedule that they DO NOT
guarantee consistent communication to customers of DR events via mass media, internet site, or email.
The third highlighted row in Figure 9 shows various pilot programs for HAN devices. These include low-
income In-home display (LI-IHD), low-income programmable controlling thermostats (LI-PCT), Solar
Energy Systems (SES), Residential Automated Controls Technology (RACT) Pilot, price-driven Load
Management (PDLM). All of these programs/pilots are meant to educate Utility customers first hand
into the future of energy management. By giving users more opportunities to gather information on
their energy consumption (IHD and PCT) they will be more conscious to their daily needs. This
technology review falls in the RACT pilot, where chosen customers are evaluated on their experience
with PCT, web portal communications, and smart appliances.
The last highlighted row shows future/pending HAN offerings and programs to continue the expansion
of HAN technology adoption. In D.11-07-056 Ordering Paragraph 11 the CPUC ordered PG&E, SCE, and
SDG&E to develop a HAN implementation plan that should include an established roll-out
implementation strategy, including a timetable for making HAN functionality and benefits generally
accessible to customers in a manner similar across all three companies. This OP also required HAN
activation to discuss key issues, such as costs, expanded data access and data granularity, current and
evolving national standards and security risk mitigation [9]. This field evaluation covers many of these
issues which follows the roadmap timeline. Also, Small Customer Technology Deployment (SCTD) will
further this by distributing more HAN technology to customers for more in depth evaluations.[10]
The overall goal of HAN in the SDG&E roadmap is for “customer empowerment”. SDG&E labels this as a
term for educating customers on new energy saving technology and to educate themselves on the
future of the Utility. Currently SDG&E is looking at 2013 to begin roll out of dynamic rate plans to
residential customers. By using HAN technology, customers will be able to use their knowledge to
minimize their energy needs and consumption.
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Glossary and Acronyms
AC Air Conditioning
ADR Automated Demand Response
App Application, commonly for mobile phones
BMS Building Management System
CFL Compact Fluorescent
CPUC California Public Utilities Commission
CT Current Transformer
DR Demand Response and also common residential tariff
DR-PTR Domestic Residential- Peak Time Rebate
DR-TOU Domestic Residential- Time of Use
EE Energy Efficiency
EMS Energy Management System
GHz Gigahertz
HAN Home Area Network
HomePlug HAN Communication Protocol
HP horsepower
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
kW Kilowatts
kWh Kilowatt hours
LAN Local Area Network
LCS Hardwired Control System
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Li-IHD Low-income In Home Display
Li-PCT Low-income Programmable Communicating Thermostat
OpenADR Open Source Auto Demand Response
PCT Programmable Communicating Thermostat
PDLM Price Driven Load Management
PG&E Pacific Gas & Electric
PLC Plug Load Controller
PLM Plug Load Monitor
PLS Peak Load Shift
PSH Peak Shift at Home
PTR Peak Time Rebate
RACT Residential Automated Controls Technology
RASS Residential Appliance Saturation Survey
RF Radio Frequency
RF Radio Frequency
SCE Southern California Edison
SCTD Small Customer Technology Deployment
SDG&E San Diego Gas & Electric
SES Solar Energy System
TOD Time of Day
TOU Time-of-Use
UCSD University of California, San Diego
UL Underwriters Laboratory
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UST Upgradeable Setback Thermostats
V Volt
WAN Wide Area Network
WiFi Wireless local area network
ZigBee Low-power high-frequency wireless protocol
Z-wave Low-power RF protocol
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References
[1]http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/prerulemaking/documents/2011-06-
09_workshop/review/2013_CASE_Upgradeable_Setback_Thermostats_2011_06_08.pdf
[2]http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-400-2008-001/CEC-400-2008-001-CMF.PDF
[3]https://www.homeplug.org/home/
[4]http://www.zigbee.org/
[5]http://www.z-wavealliance.org/modules/AllianceStart/
[6]http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/ELEC_ELEC-SCHEDS_PTR.pdf
[7]http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/2307-E.pdf
[8] DemandResponse2012-2014-Projects_Test_SDGE_20110301Atch01_207224.ppt
(please contact the authors for access to this document)
[9] http://www.part68.org/documents/meetingrec/11-Meetings/ACTA-11-021_ELEC_3956-E%20.pdf
[10] http://www.energy.ca.gov/electricity_analysis/notices/2011-04-
26_drmec_workshop/presentations/SDGE_DR_Enrollment_2010.pdf
[11]http://www.jbsenergy.com/downloads/Know_Your_Customers_Paper.pdf
[12] http://www.aclaratech.com/Pages/default.aspx
[13] http://calicoenergy.com/page.php?page_id=5
[14] www.consert.com/products-and-services/products
[15] http://www.control4.com/
[16] http://www.energateinc.com/
[17] http://www.energyhub.com/
[18] http://www.geappliances.com/home-energy-manager/
[19] http://www.insteonsmartgrid.com/about-us.html
[20] http://opower.com/
[21] http://www.silverspringnet.com/
[22] http://www.spacetimeinsight.com/
[23] http://www.universal-devices.com/
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Appendix A: Measurement & Verification Plan
Introduction
This measurement plan is an integral part of the project described in “REMA Phase 2 Evaluation
Statement of Work and Estimate” [1] and “REMA Phase II Project Plan” [2].
It follows the guidelines established in [3].
It has been designed to accurately assess both the baseline performance of the incumbent technology
(or standard practice in the absence of an incumbent) and the performance of the technology under
study.
It has been designed in compliance with one of the evaluation methods identified in the International
Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPVMP) except where site- or technology-specific
circumstances dictated a deviation from one of these protocols. The Measurement Plan identifies
selected IPMVP method to be used or the justification for any deviations from IPMVP.
All instrumentation under the control of evaluation staff shall be calibrated in accordance with
guidelines established in the IPMVP as described in [3].
For field evaluations, all reasonable efforts shall be made to calibrate or replace any customer-owned
instrumentation or where this is not possible, to document the calibration status of such
instrumentation.
Measurement uncertainty for each monitoring device will be documented. An error analysis evaluating
the uncertainty associated with energy and demand savings estimates will be required for the Final
Report.
All instrumentation will be commissioned prior to initiating data collection to ensure that measurement
and logging systems are functioning properly, to minimize risk of unusable data sets.
Any anomalous data will be investigated and explained. Following investigation, careful consideration
will be given to whether such data should be incorporated in the analysis or replaced by additional data
collection.
Any events that occur at customer premises during the data collection period that are likely to
compromise the validity of the assessment project and that are beyond the control of evaluation staff
will be communicated to program management without delay.
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Test site description
The test sites for this project are San Diego based existing residential homes, which are the market of
the technology. This project is a functional test to gather initial feedback and data for a future project
with a representative list of test sites. The selection process of the residential homes in the project was
based on the following desired criteria:
Preferably mostly electric single family home with electric resistance water heater (as opposed to heat pump or propane) and electric stove.
High monthly electric bills (over $100)
Preferably Active use of an air conditioning system
Broadband internet (must have)
Used 700 kWh of electricity or higher per month (must have)
Preferably a home with a swimming pool. From these criteria, 6 homes were chosen to participate in the project. The table below provides a
detailed description of the 6 residential sites as to what devices they currently have in their house that
may be applicable to the technology.
Project ID Customer # Climate Zone
[7]
AC Pool Spa Elec Dryer
Elec Water Heater
Solar Smart Phone
Mobile App 17 7 No Yes No No No No Yes
Mobile App 18 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Mobile App 19 7 Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Mobile App 20 7 Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
Mobile App 21 7 No Yes No No No No Yes
Mobile App 22 7 No No No No No No Yes
For the different sites, the site-specific factors (e.g. anticipated changes in a production facility) that
could obfuscate the impact of the technology under study on the functionality of the technology as well
as energy and demand savings are:
The technical savviness of the customer
Climate zone and age of the home, as they will affect AC usage
The customer utilizing a Smart Phone application
The amount of time the customer is at home and uses energy
Any fluctuation of normal energy using patterns
Behavioral patterns and habits of the customer
Data collection procedures
The main objective of this project, as also specified in [3] is to assess whether the technologies perform
as designed and to obtain homeowner feedback in order to determine the readiness for a large-scale,
persistent implementation. The data to be monitored in this project will be measurements from sensors
as well as personal feedback of those involved.
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This project will be focused on one vendor for a Home Area Network (HAN) with mobile apps. This will
include a mobile application and review of various other devices provided by the vendor that work with
the HAN, which are described in the following table.
Mobile Apps devices
Device Purpose Data
Gateway Home base that collects and sends information between devices and puts it on the portal
Functionality: Check that device information on portal is accurate.
Modem Provides the link between the EMS and the controllable devices; reads RF and powerline
Functionality: Cannot directly check but will be confirmed from other devices.
PCT adapter Allows RF communication between the thermostat and modem
Functionality: Cannot directly check but will be confirmed from the thermostat.
LCS Used to control/monitor pool pump Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the Controller responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event.
Programmable Load Control
Used to control devices that are plugged in
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the appliance responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event.
Meter Used to monitor energy usage of plugged devices
Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements from each of the plugged devices.
Lamp Dimmer Used to control lamps including the power
Functionality: Confirm that the lamps respond correctly to controls. Accuracy: Confirm the power difference when controls are used.
Programmable Communicating Thermostat
Programmable thermostat used to control temperature
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the thermostat responds correctly. This will also check the Thermostat Adapter
Mobile App Used to monitor all devices and control devices that are plugged into the PLC
Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the mobile phone is alerted.
Portal Used to program schedules and settings into the thermostat and other devices linked together
Functionality: Confirm that the program acts accordingly by observing the system as a whole.
Home Monitoring System
Used to monitor power consumption then is sent to the portal via gateway
Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements from the home consumption.
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Data points The data that is necessary in order to accomplish the specified objectives are:
1) The product’s technical specifications versus its performance on a lab work bench. Students at
the University of California, San Diego will provide lab testing for each technology and explain
the product and how it operates.
2) The power drop of the entire home during a demand/response event. For homes with DR
enabled Appliances or other plug loads (see section Instrumentation) this will also show the
power drop for individual appliances.
3) Individual plug loads where applicable
4) The general behavior of the technology during the demand/response simulation. It will be
based off a survey evaluation completed during the simulation. This will include observing the
devices, web portal and Smart Phones alerts during the simulation (for those technologies that
apply).
5) Customer satisfaction and implementation which will be evaluated through a survey that each
customer will complete at the completion of the project. This will give an overall view of the
customer’s perception of the technology.
6) Utility bills of each residential home. We will study the possible impact on the customer’s
energy consumption and cost with the new technologies. The results will be used to determine
the population necessary for a future detailed analysis, which in turn would allow for a
statewide prediction of saving potential.
Data sampling, recording and collection intervals
Each residential customer home involved in this project will be tested and evaluated. The controls for
the tests in this project are the results of the homes when the technologies are not in operation.
A main portion of this project is the demand/response simulation at the residential home. This
simulation will occur after the technologies are installed in each of the homes. Each home will have at
least one simulated and evaluated DR event with NegaWatt Consulting’s presence at the home. During
the simulation, the technology will be alerted about a DR signal from the ‘utility’ via an online web
portal. Once this occurs, the customer will be prompted from one of the installed devices if they would
like to participate in the event. For some of the technologies, this alert may be sent to their mobile
device and/or computer. Once the DR event begins, the technologies will be observed if they react
properly. The power drop (kW) of the home will be directly measured for immediate impact. The
power drop will depend on the expected response from the technology and if the controlled appliances
were operating before the DR event. At the conclusion of the DR event, the technology will be observed
to determine if the home returns back to its original state and all appliances are properly working.
The customers will receive one online survey by NegaWatt Consulting only at the completion of the
demand/response simulation. They will complete and submit the survey on the spot. This evaluation
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will reflect the feedback the customers had of the technologies. The table below is a detailed
description of how to conduct DR Simulation during the visit:
Technology DR Simulation
HAN w/ Mobile App Devices
1) Go to the online portal 2) Enter the given username and password 3) Click over the "Admin" tab, then click on "Demand Response" 4) Fill out the Demand Response form: a) Provider: SDG&E b) Sent to: Device (for individual home simulation), and enter gateway c) Node: Default d) Event Type: Start Demand Response 5) Select a level of "Criticality" 6) Fill out the "Load" section: a) Load Adjustment: % of dim for dimmable lights b) Duty Cycle: % of total time (specified by user) that the device should be off 7) Set Thermostat controls: offset = difference in temperature from current set temperature (ΔT>2°) 8) Set the start time and duration for the DR simulation 9) In device classes, indicate which devices shall participate in the DR simulation. Generally, the input should be "All" 10) Click "Submit"
Below is a checklist that describes the task for NegaWatt Consulting to take during a DR simulation visit:
1 Look at utility and home online portal- figure out the username and password a. Observe what is on/off, DR enabled, thermostat settings, etc
2 Customer to fill out survey 3 Observe the PLCs and confirm they are all operational 4 Check power usage at the home and compare to the online portal 5 Run DR simulation:
a. Check alerts: email, phone, online portal, in-home display b. DR simulation begins at the indicated time c. Power drop d. DR simulation ends at the indicated time e. Do appliances turn on/off as they should f. Thermostat
6 Run DR again and opt out to check functionality
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7 Check random plug load appliances with Kill-o-wattz 8 Check online usage rating price v. SDG&E's tiered charge rates
The collection interval for the energy and cost analysis will be up to two billing periods, one of the
months prior to the installation and another after installation. The utility bills under observation should
be as similar as possible in terms of outside factors such as weather which will affect HVAC use and the
amount of time the customer is home; normalization may be performed as needed if outside factors
vary too much during the observation period.
[intentionally blank]
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Instrumentation
Tools and instruments that will be used in the project are:
Outside weather temperature for the utility bill comparison. Weather Underground and
Weather Bug (http://www.wunderground.com/ and weatherbug.com) are an online source
that provides several local climate measurements, including weather. There are several stations
of weather measurements that are located relatively close to the homes in order to have
accurate comparisons. Since the utility comparison will be based from monthly bills, the
weather measurements will be downloaded on a daily average as a comma delimited text file,
then stored and charted with Microsoft Excel 2007.
A Fluke 1735 Three Phase Power Logger device for whole house power consumption. The 1735
conducts energy consumption testing by logging most electrical power parameters and captures
voltage events. Calibration of the Fluke 1735 was done on 3/30/2011. The values that will be
measured are energy and power. Measuring range and accuracy for the main variables of the
power logger are:
o Voltage (V-RMS Wye measurement)
Range (V-RMS Wye): 57 / 66 / 110 / 120 / 127 / 220 / 230/ 240 / 260 / 277 / 347 /
380 / 400 / 417 / 480 V AC
Range (V-RMS Delta): 100 / 115 / 190 /208 / 220 / 380 / 400 / 415 / 450 / 480 / 600 /
660 / 690 / 720 / 830 V AC
Resolution: 0.1 V
Intrinsic error: ± (0.2% of measured value + 5 digits)
Operating error: ± (0.5% of measured value + 10 digits)
o Current (A-RMS)
Range: 15 A / 150 A / 3000 A RMS (non-distorted sine wave)
Resolution: 0.01 A
For ranges 150 A/3000 A
Intrinsic error: •± (0.5 % of m. v. + 10 digit)
Operating error: ± (1 % of m. v. + 10 digit)
For range 15 A
Intrinsic error: ± (0.5 % of m. v. + 20 digit)
Operating error: ± (1 % of m. v. + 20 digit)
Note: Power measurement errors from the Fluke 1735 are calculated by adding the errors of
voltage and current and including error of power factor (specified error x [1- power factor
error]).
Kill-a-watt EZ will be used to check if the devices on the plug load/power strips are operational
during a DR simulation by measuring the energy (kWh). This will be connected to all the devices
in each of the residential homes that are controlled, which will ultimately depend on the
technology. Factory accuracy for this device is a 0.2%
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A survey for the DR simulation and another for customer feedback. Questions in the NegaWatt
Consulting DR survey will be completed by NegaWatt staff; the customer survey will be filled out
by the customers in a presence of NegaWatt staff to assist in case of questions.
The NegaWatt DR survey is shown below:
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Questions in the online customer feedback survey include (extract):
To view the full survey, use the following link:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/7D8ZLN3 Please do NOT answer the questions from this link, as
they will be deleted)
Data analysis procedures
As stated in the Introduction, all data will be reviewed before analysis and any anomaly will be
investigated and explained.
Data manipulation (aggregation, statistical analysis, etc.)
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The demand response simulation survey from NegaWatt Consulting will evaluate that the technologies
actually perform the way they are designed and configured. From the survey, an overall determination
of the product will be based off all the houses with the same installations, as some failures may depend
on different factors. If any of the overall questions indicate a failed test, then it will give insight to the
product in public use. As indicated in the evaluation, a root cause analysis will be conducted for the
source of these failures such as the technology itself or the installation process. The responses to this
evaluation will further the in lab observations that the UCSD students provided.
The online survey service will export the results of the survey into excel once all the surveys are
completed. The results of the customer feedback survey will be converted to a mathematical format.
For the survey questions with 4 possible answer choices (strongly agree to strongly disagree), the
answer responses will be divided into a percentage of 0-100%. The positive feedback will be associated
with a higher percent, and vice versa. The response answers and the overall score will be illustrated in
histogram curves. The rest of the questions will be in different mathematical format based on the
question. These will then also be charted, as shown in the example figure below. With this format, the
overall ‘score’ of the technology will be calculated. The scores will then be compared to the other
technologies to determine which technology had the best feedback. The curves will determine the
personal satisfaction and functionality of the products based on the customer.
The last section where there are comments on the customer feedback survey should provide insight into
how the ‘score’ the technology came about. The comments will also give suggestions as to what will
benefit the technology’s adoption into public.
Calculation of energy, demand and cost savings
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During the DR event, the Fluke 1735 Power Logger will collect the power measurements for each home.
The Fluke device has two components: one that measures voltage and the other that measures current.
Tools to measure these factors will be installed on the residential home’s circuit breaker to measure the
entire home consumption. The Fluke 1735 will calculate and log the power from these factors while
including the effects of errors and the power factor. The power will be logged at a 1 minute interval for
the full period of the DR simulation. The measurements will then be downloaded as a tab-separated
text file per residential home. The data will then be transferred to a spreadsheet where calculations will
be presented and charts created.
With the power measurements, the power drop and/or energy reductions from the DR for each home
will be calculated and then normalized into a percent of power drop or energy reduction compared to
the original. Further analysis of this value will calculate an average of these factors and standard
deviation for each technology. Error analysis of these calculations will be based off the inaccuracies of
the power logger as provided in the Instrumentation section.
The monthly utility bills for the homes will be used to conduct a simple calculation of energy consumed
with the technologies installed. First, the weather data and general information from each customer
will determine which month prior to installation will be used. The mean temperature of each month will
be calculated and compared. Of the months that are within a ±5⁰ margin, temperature differences will
be calculated. The daily measurements will be collected for a year prior to the installation month in
order to find a month similar in climate as the tested month.
The temperature discrepancy from the two months will be part of the error analysis. In addition, the
customer will confirm that their schedule during the month observed and a potential month prior will be
similar, including vacations and energy habits at home.
The energy consumption will then be compared to the customer feedback survey. The energy savings
will show if those who used their technologies to the most extent actually saved a significant amount
more to those who did not. This will give an overall picture of the functionality of the technologies.
The cost calculations will use the same utility bills as the energy savings. The cost savings will take into
account the amount of energy used in both months and calculate a value. Due to the various rates
during the year, this value will be calculated at a rate that will normalize the cost. Similar to the energy
savings calculations, the average and standard deviation of the cost savings will also be determined.
A market analysis will be conducted focusing on smart electronic appliances. This will begin with using
our survey to calculate a percentage of customers with the electric appliance in order to observe the
market at hand for each electric appliance. A major factor will include the responses from the customer
of their attitude towards smart electric appliances. This will include examining the different factors that
are significant to the consumer when buying a new appliance. In particular, there will be a discussion of
what entices a consumer to choose a smart appliance over the regular appliance. Barriers to the smart
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appliance market will also be discussed based off the responses to the survey. The table below is an
example of the type of analysis that will be conducted for each of the smart appliances. All numerical
figures are for sake of example only, and may turn out different in reality.
Appliance Electric Dryer
Percentage of residents with this Electric Appliance 50% Average EOL (end of life) for the Electric Appliance [*] 8 years Average Cost of Smart Appliance-present day [5] $1100 Average Cost of Regular Electric Appliance [6] $ 800 Average Load Shift with the Smart Appliance 500 W Total hours during day Smart Appliance Used 5 hours/ day
* Researched source for EOL
The findings of our data will be extrapolated to the potential of the technologies for the entire California
market. Research will be conducted to determine the penetration of each electric appliance in the
future and the market potential. From these results and research, an incentive rebate amount will be
recommended in order to improve the market adoption curve (see figure below) and avoid the gaps that
may occur during the “Early Adopters” and “Early Majority” phases.
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References
[1] HAN Eval SOW and Estimate_v1.1.docx
[2] Draft ETP assessment protocol 061610.docx
[3] REMA Phase II Project Plan.docx
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Appendix B: User Survey
Qu
estio
n1
23
45
Wh
at is the
ho
use
ho
ld an
nu
al
inco
me
$1
00
k+$
10
0k+
$1
00
k+$
50
k-75
k$
10
0K
+
Ple
ase Sp
ecify yo
u age
range
45
-54
25
-34
65
+2
5-3
43
5-4
4
Ho
w large
is you
r ho
me
34
00
sqft
16
10
sqft
39
00
sqft
16
50
sqft
35
00
sqft
Ho
w m
any p
eo
ple
live in
you
r
ho
me
?
22
23
5
Ho
w o
ld is yo
ur h
om
e? If m
ajor
rem
od
elin
g of yo
ur h
om
e's H
VA
C
system
and
/or b
uild
ing e
nve
lop
e
was co
nd
uce
ted
, ple
ase e
nte
r the
time
since
rem
od
elin
g.
11
to 2
03
1 to
40
21
to 3
03
1 to
40
1 to
10
Ho
w m
uch
en
ergy d
oe
s you
r
ho
use
ho
ld u
se e
very m
on
th o
n
average
?
90
0kW
h7
00
kWh
13
70
kWh
10
00
kWh
17
00
kWh
Wh
at type
of h
eatin
g system
do
you
have
in yo
ur h
om
e?
Cen
tral forced
air
han
dler(n
on
-electric)
Free stand
ing sto
ve or
furn
ace
freestand
ing sto
ve or
furn
ace (gas, wo
od
,
etc)
Cen
tral forced
air han
dler
(no
n-electric)
Cen
tral forced
air han
dler
(electric heat p
um
p)
Electric radiato
rs
(hard
wired
; wall, ceilin
g, or
floo
r)
Wh
at type
of co
olin
g system
s do
you
have
in yo
ur h
om
e?
No
ne
wh
ole h
ou
se fancen
tral air con
ditio
nin
g
Cen
tral air con
ditio
nin
g
Win
do
w air co
nd
ition
ing
un
its
Cen
tral air con
ditio
nin
g
Wh
ich o
f the
follo
win
g type
s of
ren
ew
able
or se
lf-gen
erate
d e
ne
rgy
do
es yo
ur h
om
e h
ave?
No
ne
no
nes
solar w
ater heatin
gn
on
esSo
lar electricity
Solar w
ater heatin
g
Ho
w m
any o
f the
follo
win
g
ele
ctrical app
laince
s do
yo h
ave an
d
use
in yo
ur h
om
e
Fridge/Freezer, Electric
Rn
age, Electric Oven
(x2),
dish
wash
er, cloth
es
wash
er, electric dryer(x2
)
Fridge/freezer (x2
),
electric range o
r
coo
ktop
, electric oven
,
dish
wash
er, cloth
es
wash
er
fridge/freezer (x2
)
electric oven
,
dish
wash
er, cloth
es
wash
er
fridge/freezer, clo
thes
wash
er
fridge/freezer (x4
),
dish
wash
er (x2), clo
thes
wash
er, electric cloth
es
dryer
Cu
stom
er
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Is anyo
ne
in yo
ur h
ou
seh
old
em
plo
yed
in..(ch
oo
se fro
m list)
Oth
er electron
ics,
electrical, hard
ware, o
r
softw
are engin
eering
ho
me au
tom
ation
telecom
mu
nicatio
n o
r
intern
et services
Bu
ildin
g or co
ntro
ls
man
agemen
t systems
telecom
mu
nicatio
ns o
r
intern
et services
Wh
at action
s if any h
as you
r
ho
use
ho
ld u
nd
ertake
n to
save
en
ergy o
r en
ergy-re
lated
exp
en
ses
in th
e p
ast 2 ye
ars?
Calcu
lated yo
ur p
erson
al
or h
om
e "carbo
n
foo
tprin
t"
Used
com
pact flu
orescen
t
or o
ther en
ergy- efficient
light b
ulb
s
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n su
ch as
smart co
ntro
llers, timers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Ch
anged
som
e hab
its,
such
as turn
ing o
ff light
mo
re often
, etc
Used
com
pact
fluo
rescent o
r oth
er
energy- efficien
t light
bu
lbs
Ad
ded
caulkin
g or
weath
er stripp
ing
Co
mp
ared yo
ur en
ergy
usage to
usage o
f oth
er
ho
mes
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n
such
as smart
con
trollers, tim
ers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Ch
anged
som
e hab
its,
such
as turn
ing o
ff
light m
ore o
ften, etc
Used
com
pact
fluo
rescent o
r oth
er
energy- efficien
t light
bu
lbs
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
heatin
g system to
a
mo
re efficient m
od
el
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
coo
ling system
to a
mo
re efficient m
od
el
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n
such
as smart
con
trollers, tim
ers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Used
com
pact flu
orescen
t
or o
ther en
ergy- efficient
light b
ulb
s
Ad
ded
caulkin
g or
weath
er stripp
ing
Co
mp
ared yo
ur en
ergy
usage to
usage o
f oth
er
ho
mes
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n su
ch
as smart co
ntro
llers,
timers, p
ow
er strips, etc
Ch
anged
som
e hab
its,
such
as turn
ing o
ff light
mo
re often
, etc
Used
com
pact flu
orescen
t
or o
ther en
ergy- efficient
light b
ulb
s
Ad
ded
insu
lation
Ad
ded
caulkin
g or w
eather
stripp
ing
Installed
Energy Star
win
do
ws
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
heatin
g system to
a mo
re
efficient m
od
el
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
coo
ling system
to a m
ore
efficient m
od
el
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n su
ch as
smart co
ntro
llers, timers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Solar in
stallation
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Wh
at, action
s do
es yo
ur h
ou
seh
old
plan
to u
nd
ertake
in o
rde
r to save
en
ergy o
r en
ergy re
lated
exp
en
ses
in th
e n
ext 1
2 m
on
ths
Calcu
lated yo
ur p
erson
al
or h
om
e "carbo
n
foo
tprin
t"
Used
com
pact flu
orescen
t
or o
ther en
ergy- efficient
light b
ulb
s
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n su
ch as
smart co
ntro
llers, timers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Ch
anged
som
e hab
its,
such
as turn
ing o
ff light
mo
re often
, etc
Ad
ded
insu
lation
Used
com
pact
fluo
rescent o
r oth
er
energy- efficien
t light
bu
lbs
Installed
Energy Star
win
do
ws
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Ho
me A
uto
matio
n
such
as smart
con
trollers, tim
ers,
po
wer strip
s, etc
Used
com
pact flu
orescen
t
or o
ther en
ergy- efficient
light b
ulb
s
Ad
ded
caulkin
g or
weath
er stripp
ing
Installed
Energy Star
win
do
ws
Pu
rchased
Energy Star
app
liances
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
heatin
g system to
a mo
re
efficient m
od
el
Up
graded
you
r ho
me
coo
ling system
to a m
ore
efficient m
od
el
Co
mp
ared yo
ur en
ergy
usage to
usage o
f oth
er
ho
mes
No
ne
A sm
art me
ter re
cord
s en
ergy u
se
thro
ugh
ou
t the
day an
d
com
mu
nicate
s this in
form
ation
to
the
utility. B
efo
re to
day h
ow
familiar w
ere
you
with
the
con
cep
t
of a sm
art me
ter
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew so
meth
ing ab
ou
t it
SDG
&E m
ay charge
low
er p
rice fo
r
en
ergy at so
called
off-p
eak tim
es o
f
the
day, w
he
n state
wid
e e
ne
rgy
use
is low
, and
a high
er p
rice at
pe
ak time
s. This is calle
d tim
e o
f
use
pricin
g. Be
fore
tod
ay, ho
w
familiar w
ere
you
with
the
con
cep
t
of TO
U p
ricing?
Kn
ew so
meth
ing ab
ou
t itK
new
som
ethin
g abo
ut
it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
![Page 61: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 61 of 66
IF available
I wo
uld
switch
to a TO
U
rate stru
cture
and
adju
st my e
ne
rgy
use
to take
advan
tage o
f cost savin
g
op
po
rtun
ties d
urin
g off b
eak h
ou
rs,
ho
w d
o yo
u agre
e
stron
gly agreeagree
stron
gly agreestro
ngly agree
stron
gly agree
SDG
&E m
ay offe
r so-calle
d d
em
and
resp
on
se p
rogram
s, wh
ere
you
pay
low
er rate
s for e
ne
rgy year-ro
un
d,
in e
xchan
ge fo
r allow
ing th
e u
tility
to au
tom
atically adju
st certain
de
vices in
you
r ho
me
du
ring critical
pe
ak usage
pe
riod
s. Examp
les
inclu
de
you
r ho
me
's air con
ditio
ne
r,
you
r po
ol p
um
ps, o
r certain
app
liance
s such
as ele
ctrical cloth
es
drye
rs. The
utility in
voke
s such
pro
grams ap
pro
ximate
ly 10
time
s
pe
r year, u
sually o
n h
ot su
mm
er
days. B
efo
re to
day, h
ow
familiar
we
re yo
u w
ith th
e co
nce
pt o
f a
de
man
d re
spo
nse
pro
gram?
knew
som
ethin
g abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
Kn
ew a lo
t abo
ut it
knew
som
ethin
g abo
ut it
If available
, I wo
uld
particip
ate in
de
man
d re
spo
nse
pro
grams an
d
allow
the
utility to
adju
st my e
ne
rgy
use
du
ring critical p
eak tim
es
(assum
e yo
u can
cho
ose
wh
at the
utility ge
ts to co
ntro
l du
ring
pro
gram sign
-up
).
stron
gly agreestro
ngly agree
stron
gly agreestro
ngly agree
agree
![Page 62: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 62 of 66
Wh
ich d
evice
s, app
liance
s, and
plu
g-
load
s wo
uld
you
con
side
r suitab
le
for D
R e
ven
t inclu
sion
(particip
ation
). An
swe
r all that
app
ly.
po
ol an
d sp
a feature
pu
mp
sP
oo
l and
spa filtratio
n
pu
mp
s
Po
ol an
d sp
a feature
pu
mp
s (waterfalls,
fou
ntain
s, etc)
Po
ol an
d sp
a heaters
Air C
on
ditio
ners
(increase set p
oin
t)
Miscellan
eou
s plu
g
load
s such
as readin
g
lights, TV
s, fishtan
k
pu
mp
s, etc.
Po
ol an
d sp
a filtration
pu
mp
s
Po
ol an
d sp
a feature
pu
mp
s (waterfalls,
fou
ntain
s, etc)
Dish
wash
er
Wash
er
Dryer
Air C
on
ditio
ners
(increase set p
oin
t)
Miscellan
eou
s plu
g
load
s such
as readin
g
lights, TV
s, fishtan
k
pu
mp
s, etc.
Po
ol an
d sp
a filtration
pu
mp
s
Dish
wash
er
Wash
er
Dryer
Po
ol an
d sp
a heaters
Air C
on
ditio
ners (in
crease
set po
int)
Po
ol an
d sp
a filtration
pu
mp
s
Po
ol an
d sp
a feature
pu
mp
s (waterfalls,
fou
ntain
s, etc)
Po
ol an
d sp
a heaters
Smart ap
plian
ces co
nn
ect to
the
Inte
rne
t, allow
ing yo
u to
view
info
rmatio
n ab
ou
t cycle statu
s,
en
ergy co
nsu
mp
tion
, and
main
ten
ance
ne
ed
s on
an In
tern
et-
con
ne
cted
de
vice like
a "smart"
ph
on
e o
r com
pu
ter. "Sm
art"
app
liance
s can also
be
linke
d w
ith
smart m
ete
rs to au
tom
atically avoid
pe
ak en
ergy rate
s by d
elayin
g start
time
s or p
ausin
g cycles. N
ext tim
e I
am in
the
marke
t for b
uyin
g an
app
liance
, I will co
nsid
er b
uyin
g a
"smart" ve
rsion
of th
e ap
plian
ce.
stron
gly agreestro
ngly agree
stron
gly agreestro
ngly agree
agree
![Page 63: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 63 of 66
Asid
e fro
m re
gular p
rod
uct
featu
res, w
hat is th
e im
po
rtance
you
place
on
the
follo
win
g factors
wh
en
makin
g a de
cision
abo
ut
wh
eth
er to
bu
y a "smart" ve
rsion
of
an ap
plian
ce. P
lease
rank in
ord
er o
f
imp
ortan
ce: 1
(mo
st imp
ortan
t) to
6(le
ast imp
ortan
t)
Co
st, Ab
ility to
mo
nito
r/con
trol via
intern
et/smartp
ho
ne,
rebates/co
st incen
tives,
bran
d, ab
ility to save
mo
ney o
n en
ergy costs,
ability to
get main
tanan
ce
cost, ab
ility to save
mo
ney o
n en
ergy
costs, reb
ates/ cost
incen
tives, bran
d,
ability to
mo
nito
r/con
trol via
intern
et or
smartp
ho
ne, ab
ility to
get main
tanan
ce
/repair alerts
rebates/co
st
incen
tives, ability to
mo
nito
r and
con
trol
via intern
et or
smartp
ho
ne, ab
ility to
get main
tanan
ce/repair
alerts
rebates/co
st
incen
tives,ability to
save
mo
ney o
n en
ergy costs,
ability to
mo
nito
r/con
trol
via Intern
et or
smartp
ho
ne, ab
ility to get
main
tanan
ce/repair alerts
rebates/co
st incen
tives,
ability to
get main
tanen
ce,
bran
d
Do
es so
me
on
e in
you
r ho
use
ho
ld
stay on
top
of n
ew
de
velo
pm
en
ts in
en
ergy e
fficien
cy, "smart"
app
liance
s, ho
me
auto
matio
n,
ren
ew
able
en
ergy, an
d so
on
?
yesyes
yesyes
no
![Page 64: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 64 of 66
Ind
ep
en
de
nt o
f this H
AN
Evaluatio
n, w
hich
of th
ese
pro
du
cts
wo
uld
you
con
side
r bu
ying if so
ld at
the
ind
icated
cost:
Oth
er (please sp
ecify
features an
d co
st) -
interested
in so
ftware
solu
tion
s to d
evelop
pro
grams th
at turn
thin
gs
on
and
off o
r alter set
po
ints as a fu
nctio
n o
f my
lifestyle hab
its.
Ho
me En
ergy
Dash
bo
ard [$
10
0
installed
]: Web
-based
dash
bo
ard th
at allow
s
the m
on
itorin
g a
ho
me's to
tal energy
use in
15
-min
ute
increm
ents.
Smart o
utlets [$
20
0-
$4
00
installed
]:
Transm
it energy
con
sum
ptio
n p
er
ou
tlet to a w
eb-b
ased
softw
are app
lication
.
Ou
tlets can b
e shu
t off
remo
tely, too
.
Basic in
tegrated
mo
nito
ring an
d co
ntro
l
[$5
00
-$1
50
0]: sim
ilar
features to
ho
me
dash
bo
ard an
d sm
art
plu
g, bu
t also in
clud
es
remo
te con
trol fo
r
hard
wired
load
s such
as po
ol p
um
ps an
d
therm
ostats, an
d a
ded
icated d
isplay w
ith
tou
chscreen
. Will sh
ow
energy u
se for m
ost
ind
ividu
al load
s in th
e
Ad
vanced
integrated
mo
nito
ring an
d co
ntro
l
[$2
00
0+ in
stalled]:
similar to
basic, b
ut
also ties in
to o
ther
ho
me system
s such
as
entertain
men
t,
security, etc., an
d d
oes
sho
w H
VA
C en
ergy use.
Ho
me En
ergy Dash
bo
ard
[$1
00
installed
]: Web
-
based
dash
bo
ard th
at
allow
s the m
on
itorin
g a
ho
me's to
tal energy u
se
in 1
5-m
inu
te increm
ents.
Basic in
tegrated
mo
nito
ring an
d co
ntro
l
[$5
00
-$1
50
0]: sim
ilar
features to
ho
me
dash
bo
ard an
d sm
art
plu
g, bu
t also in
clud
es
remo
te con
trol fo
r
hard
wired
load
s such
as
po
ol p
um
ps an
d
therm
ostats, an
d a
ded
icated d
isplay w
ith
tou
chscreen
. Will sh
ow
energy u
se for m
ost
ind
ividu
al load
s in th
e
ho
me, b
ut n
ot fo
r HV
AC
.
Ad
vanced
integrated
mo
nito
ring an
d co
ntro
l
[$2
00
0+ in
stalled]:
similar to
basic, b
ut also
ties in to
oth
er ho
me
systems su
ch as
entertain
men
t, security,
etc., and
do
es sho
w H
VA
C
energy u
se.
Ad
vanced
integrated
mo
nito
ring an
d co
ntro
l
[$2
00
0+ in
stalled]: sim
ilar
to b
asic, bu
t also ties in
to
oth
er ho
me system
s such
as entertain
men
t, security,
etc., and
do
es sho
w H
VA
C
energy u
se.
Ho
w d
o yo
u agre
e w
ith th
e
follo
win
g (4-stro
ngly agre
e,3
-
agree
,2-d
isagree
, 1-stro
ngly
disagre
e)
I use
the
pro
du
ct freq
ue
ntly:
44
44
3
![Page 65: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 65 of 66
This p
rod
uct is e
asy to u
se3
23
43
I con
side
r myse
lf a tech
nically savvy
pe
rson
44
44
3
I am h
app
y with
the
pro
du
ct3
34
43
I use
the
on
line
custo
me
r po
rtal
freq
ue
ntly
22
33
2
I am h
app
y with
the
custo
me
r
po
rtal
33
44
2
I use
the
mo
bile
ph
on
e ap
plicatio
n
freq
ue
ntly
33
34
I wo
uld
pu
rchase
this p
rod
uct e
ven
if the
re w
as no
mo
bile
/ipad
app
lication
to it
no
no
no
yes
Do
you
plan
to ke
ep
this p
rod
uct
installe
d afte
r pro
ject co
mp
letio
n
yesyes
yesyes
yes
Wo
uld
you
bu
y this p
rod
uct
<$1
00
>$5
00
>$5
00
$2
00
-50
0>$
50
0
Wo
uld
you
reco
mm
en
d th
is pro
du
ctyes
yesyes
yesyes
Wh
at type
s of p
eo
ple
do
you
thin
k
wo
uld
like th
is pro
du
ct
just like m
e, mo
st
techn
ically savy, with
high
er energy b
ills
just like m
e, mo
st
techn
ically savy, with
high
er energy b
ills
Less techn
olo
gically
savvy than
me
With
high
er energy
bills th
an m
e
Just like m
e
Mo
re techn
olo
gically
savvy than
me
Less techn
olo
gically savvy
than
me
With
high
er energy b
ills
than
me
With
low
er energy b
ills
than
me
Just like m
e
Mo
re techn
olo
gically savvy
than
me
Less techn
olo
gically savvy
than
me
With
high
er energy b
ills
than
me
With
low
er energy b
ills
than
me
Wh
at did
you
like ab
ou
t this
pro
du
ct
help
ed m
e to m
anip
ulate
my th
ermo
stat
very rob
ust, u
ses little
po
ewr
reliability, flexib
ilityease o
f use, h
elps save
energy
I like bein
g able to
con
trol
my ligh
ts remo
tely
Wh
at did
n’t yo
u like
abo
ut th
is
pro
du
ct
user in
terface is no
t
design
ed fo
r the average
ho
me o
wn
er
som
ewh
at com
plicated
for less tech
savy user
need
access to m
ore
pro
gramm
ing exam
ples
wo
uld
be n
ice if the ap
p
wo
uld
wo
rk via intern
et,
no
t just lan
the ad
min
pro
gram can
be
a bit co
nfu
sing
![Page 66: Home Area Networks with Mobile Applications · 9/20/2012 · home area networks with mobile applications negawatt consulting page 1 of 66 san diego gas and electric company emerging](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050502/5f942acb7ed7e724a94e1696/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS NEGAWATT
CONSULTING
Page 66 of 66
Po
ssible
imp
rove
me
nts
ability to
share p
rogram
ssim
pler setu
p, w
ider
device(lo
ad co
nto
ller)
sup
po
rt
The system
is excellent
as is the *ven
do
r*
con
trol co
mp
uter. I
wo
uld
feel mo
re
com
fortab
le with
mo
re
sou
rces for d
evices.
Wo
uld
be h
elpfu
l if the
equ
ipm
ent b
eing
con
trolled
was "sm
art" or
cou
ld co
ntro
l with
ou
t just
killing th
e po
wer to
it.
Had
an issu
e with
a
win
do
w A
C u
nit, th
at
wh
en th
e po
wer w
as
restored
to it th
e settings
wen
t back to
defau
lt, ie
had
to tu
rn it b
ack on
...if
the ac u
nit w
as an o
lder
mo
del w
ith sw
itches
instead
of th
e digital
con
trol it w
ou
ldn
't have
been
an issu
e. Also
, I
wo
uld
con
sider b
uyin
g
this p
rod
uct w
itho
ut a
ph
on
e app
lication
if there
was a w
all mo
un
t or
ho
me u
nit th
at cou
ld b
e
used
to co
ntro
l/mo
nito
r.
Usin
g the w
eb p
ortal is
too
invo
lved.
mo
re streamlin
ed/easy to
use ad
min
app