Sakinasakinahusen@yahoo.com

Anatomy & Histology Department FMAU

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Pars cervicalis Lower border of

pharynx/C6/lower border

cricoid top of posterior mediastinum

Pars thoracica Superoposterior

mediastinum T10 (hiatus esophagicus)

Pars abdominalis Hiatus esophagicus

cardia

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Pars cervicalis Inferior thyroid artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery Pars thoracalis

Inferior thyroid artery

Aorta thoracalis (Aa. Esophagicae propriae)

Aa. Bronchiales

A. Gastrica sinistra

A. Phrenica inferior sinistra Pars abdominalis

Rr. esophageales A. Gastrica sinistra A. Phrenica inferior sinistra (A. Lienalis) (A. Gastrica brevis)

Lymphatics

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Veins Caval system and portal system

Lymphatics Pars cervicalis: Lnn. Mediastinum posterior, Lnn.

Tracheobronchialis (

Pars cervicalis Plexus pharyngealis (N. IX + N.X + Truncus

symphaticus pars cervicalis)

Pars thoracalis Plexus esophagealis (fibers from two vagus

nerves) anterior & posterior vagal trunk

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Between abdominal esophagus and small intestine

Abdominal region: epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium

Intraperitoneal organ Divided into:

Cardia: surrounds the opening of esophagus to stomach

Fundus: area above the level of cardiac orifice

Corpus: between fundus & pylorus

Pylorus: pyloric antrum-pyloric canal 5/15/2015 8

Other features:Greater curvature:

Gastrolienalis ligament, greater omentum

(gastrocolica ligament)

Lesser curvature Lesser omentum (hepatogastrica ligament)

Cardial notch

Angular incisure

Plica longitudinalis gastrica/Rugae gastrica

Via gastrica

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Arterial supply: Celiac artery (foregut artery)

Left gastric artery Common hepatic

artery Proper hepatic artery:

right gastric artery Gastroduodenale

artery: right gastroepiploic artery

Splenic artery Short gastric artery Left gastroepiploic

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Venous drainage Parrallel with

arteries All drain both

directly into the portal vein and indirectly via splenic/superior mesenteric vein

Portal vein: junction between splenic & superior mesenteric vein

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Follow the major arteries

a. From lesser curvature and cardia Lnn. gastrica superior (sinistra)

b. From fundus & superior part of greater curvatureLnn. celiac

c. From right half of curvature Lnn. Pylorica

d. From pyloric areaLnn. celiac & hepatic

All drain to Lnn. Celiac intestinal trunk

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Automatic nervous system: Sympathetic fibers from celiac plexus (from

splanchnici nerves)

Parasympathetic fibers from vagal trunk (anterior and

posterior)

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From pylorus to ileocaecal junction

Consists of: duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Approx. 6-7 m long

General features: semicircular/circular

folds, all intraperitoneal (except

2nd,3rd&4th part of duodenum)

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Superior: duodenal cap

Descenden: papilla duodeni, junction of foregut&midgut

Transverse: crossed by superior mesenteric artery, just superior to the root of inferior mesenteric artery

Ascenden: ligamentum Treitz

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Arterial supply: Celiac trunk Gastroduodenalis

artery: (superior duodenal artery), pancreaticoduodenalis superior artery

Superior mesenteric artery: pancreaticoduodenalis

inferior artery

Venous drainage All drain both directly

into the portal vein and indirectly via splenic/superior mesenteric vein

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Lymphatics Lnn. pancreaticoduodenalis ventral & dorsal (cranial &

caudal) Lnn. coeliaca & truncus intestinalis

Nerves: Anterior & posterior vagus nerve

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Fixed to posterior

abdominal wall

by

mesenterium/mes

ostenium with

radix mesostenii

Derived from

midgut

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Variables Jejunum Ileum

Lenght Proximal 2/5 Distal 3/5

Location Left upperquadrant Right lower quadrant

Diameter Large Small

Wall Thick thin

Plicae circulares Prominent Less prominent

Arterial supply Jejunal artery Ileal, ileocolic artery

Arterial arcade Less prominent Prominent

Vasa recta Long Short

Mesenteric fat Less More

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Arterial supply: superior mesenteric artery

Veins: superior mesenteric veinportal vein

Lymphatics: lymph follicles, channels, nodes, within bowel wall & mesenteryradix mesosteniisuperior mesenteric nodescisterna chyliductus thoracicus

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Nerves: Extrinsic (from & to

CNS): visceral afferent&efferent (sympathetic&parasympathetic)

Intrinsic (enteric nervous system): Meissner (submucosal) & Auerbach (intramuscular)

Extrinsic innervation: Parasympathetic (vagus

nerve) Sympathetic (plexus

coeliacus)

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From ileocaecal junction to anus

Consists of: cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal

Approx. 1,5 m long, From right iliac to left iliac

Getting narrower in its distal parts

General features: taenia coli, haustra, appendices epiploicae, semilunar folds

Derived from midgut and hindgut

Vertical parts are retroperitoneal

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Variables Int. Tenue Int. Crassum

Diameter Narrow Wide

Mobility Mobile Fix

Villi + -

Substances to absorp Food>>> Water only

Folds Semicircular Semilunar

Arterial supply Arcaden Marginal artery

Contraction Peristaltic Mass movement

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Intraperitoneal: mesocaecum(-), mesoappendix(+)

Arterialization: Ileocolic artery Cecal artery (anterior et posterior rami)

Appendicular artery

Caecum: Ileocaecal valve (Bauhini) & frenula

Appendix: Orificium appendix, taenia(-), retrocecal position, full of lymphoid tissues, Mc. Burney/Lanz point

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Veins: drains to

superior

mesenteric vein

Nerves: Celiac &

superior

mesentery plexus

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From cecum to hepatic flexure

Arterial supply: Ileocolica artery: anterior et posterior cecal,

colic artery

Right colic artery

Middle colic artery

Veins: superior mesentericportal veinNerves: celiac & mesentery plexus

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From hepatic flexure to splenic flexureArterial supply:

Right colic artery

Middle colic artery

Left colic artery

Veins: Right : superior mesentericportal vein Left : inferior mesentericsplenic

veinportal vein

Nerves: celiac & mesentery plexus

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From splenic flexure to level of left iliac

crest

Arterial supply: Ascending br. Of Left colic artery

Veins: inferior mesentericsplenic veinportal vein

Nerves: inferior mesentery & hypogastric

plexusleft colic & sigmoid plexus

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S-shapeDivided into: Fixed superior (iliac portion) &

mobile inferior (pelvic portion)Arterial supply: Descending br. of left colic

artery, sigmoid arteries (inferior mesenteric artery)

Veins: inferior mesenteric veinLymph: inferior mesenteric nodesNerves: inferior mesentery & hypogastric

plexus

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Between sigmoid and anus No appendices epiploicae,

haustra, or taeniae Relation with peritoneum:

only superior part Plicae transversales recti

(Valves of Houston): 2 left, 1 right

Columns of Morgagni: lowest segment of rectal mucosa

Anal sinuses: in betweenColumn of Morgagni

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Artery: Superior rectal artery

(Inferior mesenteric artery)

Middle rectal artery (Internal iliac artery)

Inferior rectal artery (Internal pudendal artery)

Median sacral artery (abdominal aorta)

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Vein: Above the anorectal

line: Internal hemorrhoidal plexussuperior rectal veinsinferior mesenteric vein

Below the anorectal line: inferior rectal veinsinternal pudendal veininternal iliac veininferior vena cava

Middle rectal vein internal iliac veininferior vena cava

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Lymphatics: Superior: nodes in

sigmoid mesocolonnodes in bifurcation of Ao

Lateral:nodes on levator ani musclesinternal iliac nodes

Caudal: internal iliac nodes & inguinal nodes

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Innervation:

o Sympathetic:

Inferior mesenteric

plexus

Superior hypogastric

plexus

o Parasympathetic:

Pelvic splanchnic

nerves

(afferent)

Pudendal nerve

(sphincter)

Rectum

Terminal 3 cm of GI tract

Different arterial, venous,

lymphatic, and

innervation

Junction between anus &

rectum: anorectal line

Pectinate line: superior

border of anal canal

Anocutanea line: junction

between anus & skin

Sphincter:

Internal

External: subcutan,

superficial, deep

Inserts to lateral & posterior parts of anal canal

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http://dermatologic.com.ar/c3ff34.

png

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Drakes Gray Basic Anatomy

2012

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???sakinahusen@yahoo.com

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