hms daring - type 45 facts by royal navy.pdf
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HM
S
DAR
IN
GTYPE 45 - The Anti-Air Warfare DestroyerWorld-leading littoral air defence
DARING
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Type 45 Daring Class DestroyersD32 HMS DARING
D33 HMS DAUNTLESS
D34 HMS DIAMOND
D35 HMS DRAGOND36 HMS DEFENDER
D37 HMS DUNCAN
DimensionsDisplacement 7500 tonnes
Length 152.5 m
Beam 21.2 mDraught 7.4 m
Complement 191
WeaponsPrinciple Anti Air Missile System (PAAMS)
1 x 4.5 Mk 8 Gun
2 x 30mm Automated Guns
NATO Seagnat Decoy LaunchersMachine Guns
Small Calibre Guns
Sensors2 x Type 1047 Navigational Radars
1 x Type 1048 Navigational Radar
1 x Multi Functional Radar (MFR)1 x Long Range Radar (LRR)
1 x IFF Radar
Electronic Surveillance System
Active/Passive sonar
Communications
Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS)SCOT Satellite Communications System
Aircraft1 x LYNX helicopters fitted with:
Sea Skua Anti-Ship Missiles
Stingray Torpedoes
Machine Gunsor 1 x MERLIN Helicopter
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The Type 45 represents a quantam leap in surface warfare design and capability reflecting innovation,
foresight and an eye to the future in vir tually every aspect. High speed, extended endurance and
aggressive capability combine to provide robust, versatile and economic maritime effect.
The most advancedsurface warship in the world
Here is just a selection of the superlatives applicable to the Type 45:
PerformanceTo meet the challenging speed and endurance
requirements, the Type 45 Destroyer
accommodates two Rolls Royce WR21 Gas
Turbine-driven alternators, two Wartsila Diesel
Generators, two Alstom Electric Propulsion
Motors and their associated control anddistribution systems.
The ship will accelerate faster and turn inside
current ships, with a top speed of well over
30 knots.
CapabilityType 45 has been engineered to maximise
survivability within any given threat. Clean
angular lines contribute to her stealth profile
and deck fitments are concealed behind doors.
The Type 45s radar can track multiple
incoming threats simultaneously, prioritisethem, assign countermeasures and deploy
them to their targets. It can even track a target
the size of a cricket ball approaching at three
times the speed of sound. When required, the
Type 45 can fire multiple missiles at a time
and guide each one precisely to a different
target. Her hypersonic missiles can reach
Mach 4-5 (five times the speed of sound) injust two seconds.
VersatilityType 45 provides the future air defence
capability for the Royal Navy, offering local
air defence for maritime task group and area
air defence at long range.The ships containsabout 800 compartments some of which
are purposely unallocated to simplify the
introduction of equipment developed over her
projected 30-year service life. The flight deck
and aviation facilities are designed to operate
LYNX or MERLIN helicopters. The flight deck
area is four times that of a Type 42 destroyer big enough to land a CHINOOK.
IngenuityThe Type 45 are the first warships to feature
Integrated Electric Propulsion, replacing
gearboxes with direct shaft drive from electric
motors.
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HabitabilityT45 will operate with a crew of 191, each with
their own berth in well-appointed cabins. For
the first time on board a destroyer, there are
dedicated recreation spaces
for all ranks and dedicated accommodation
and facilities for 60 Royal Marines with their
kit. The Type 45 boasts a near 40 percent
increase in crew space relative to existing
warships.
OperabilityThe two Rolls-Royce gas turbines create
nearly 45 MW of electrical power sufficient
to power a city. She will have a range of over
7000 nautical miles at 18 knots, sufficient
to cross the Atlantic, carry out missions and
return without refuelling or, alternatively, to
reach the Falkland Islands with fuel in hand.Careful attention to storing arrangements has
ensured that a Type 45 can be provisioned for
a 45-day mission in just 12 hours.
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Advanced combat system
The Type 45 Anti-Air Warfare Destroyer is designed primarily to protect UK national and
allied/coalition forces against all known airborne threats. Comprehensively equipped to
provide self-protection, local and area air defence, her advanced weapon and sensor fit
sets the benchmark standard for air defence destroyer capability.
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Combat ManagementSystem/ Data TransferSystem (CMS/DTS)CMS/DTS System enables the Command Team
to manage and operate the combat system
and achieve the ships operational objectives.
The CMS comprises the Command System,
Command Support System, Secondary
Data Display, Tactical Data Link and Video
Distribution subsystems. It performs tactical
picture compilation, threat evaluation, weapon
assignment and control of Sea Viper and other
combat system equipments. The innovative
Tactical Data Links capability allows the Type 45
to share high quality tactical picture information
with other platforms, thus enabling rapid and
secure tactical coordination within the force.
An integrated fast ethernet DTS provides the
high-speed digital intercommunication highway
between combat system equipments.
Sea ViperThe Type 45s main armament is Sea Viper, aworld-beating surface-to-air missile system
developed under a tri-national programme by
France, Italy and the UK.
This advanced weapon system will defend
the Type 45, her consorts and other task force
vessels against highly manoeuvrable hostile
incoming aircraft and missiles approaching at
subsonic and supersonic speed, individually
or in salvoes. The Type 45 will be aler ted to
a potential threat by her electronic warfare
system, long-range radar, or by early warning
from allied units.
Sea Viper can counter an individual or
saturation attack by engaging the target, or
simultaneously engaging multiple targets
from any angle. At the heart of Sea Viper is
a Command and Control (C2) System which
optimises the Type 45s response to the attack.
Launched from six eight-cell DCN Sylver
A50 vertical launchers controlled by the
Sea Viper System, the MBDA shorter-range
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Aster 15 or long-range Aster 30 super-agile
manoeuvring missiles with re-attack mode
are guided towards their targets by the ships
multi-function radar, even in severe electronic
countermeasures environments. Once
locked on, the Aster missiles pursue their
targets relentlessly at speeds of Mach 4 to 5,
overcoming even the most evasive dog-leg
manoeuvres until the threat is intercepted and
eliminated.
Multi-Function Radar (MFR)The distinctive rotating Sampson Multi-Function Radar, mounted on top of the
foremast high above the waterline, contains a
dual-face active array radar. It performs high-
definition three-dimensional air and surface
search-and-track functions using innovative
digital adaptive beamforming. This provides
T45 with the information to counter a range of
threats, including high-speed sea-skimming
missiles, by providing Sea Viper with multiple
channel fire control.
Long Range Radar (LRR)Rotating once every four seconds, the long-range radar provides three dimensional volume
search capability for Sea Viper and other ship
systems. The LRR is capable of automatic
detection, track initiation and tracking of up to
1000 targets and of providing this information
to the Combat Management System.
Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)The interrogator IFF antenna mounted on the
LRR, assists the ships Combat Management
System in the long-range identification of friendly
platforms and potential threats, using standard
civilian and military communications techniques.
1 LYNX HMA8/MERLIN HM1 Helicopter with Stingray Torpedoes and Sea Skua Missiles
2 Navigation Radar
3 Long-Range Radar with Identification Friend or Foe Interrogator
4 Communications Mast
5 DLH Offboard Decoy System (P & S) 6 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S)
6 30mm Automatic Small Calibre Guns (P & S)
7 Sampson Multi-Function Radar
8 Electro Optical Gunfire Control System
9 DLF Passive Naval Decoy System (P & S)
10 Sea Viper Sylver Surface to Air Vertical Launch Silos
11 4.5 Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun
12 MFS -7000 Bow Sonar (under keel not shown)
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Advanced combat system
Medium Calibre Main GunA 4.5 in. Mk8 Mod 1 Naval Gun mountingprovides Type 45 with an effective, battle-
proven naval fire support/shore bombardment
capability and a secondary role in support of
Anti-Surface Warfare operations. It receives
commands from and issues tellbacks to an
Electro-Optical Gunfire Control System.
Small Calibre GunsThe Automatic 30mm Naval Guns, located
port and starboard, feature the Oerlikon KCB
cannon. These guns receive commands from
and issue tellbacks to the Electro-Optical
Gunfire Control System and are employed to
destroy close-in threats such as fast attack
craft, speedboats and inflatables, or to engage
helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles at
close range.
Electro-Optical GunfireControl System (EOGCS)EOGCS provides the means to survey the
visual environment local to the Type 45 by
day or night. It detects, identifies and tracks
potential surface and air targets and either
issues commands to engage them, or passes
information to other subsystems, enabling
them to respond.
HelicopterThe Type 45 is designed to operate a MERLIN
HM1 or LYNX HMA 8 helicopter, armed with
Stingray anti-submarine torpedoes and Sea
Skua anti-ship missiles. Her flight deck is large
enough to land a twin-rotor CHINOOK to deliver
or embark troops or stores. To reduce the
pilots workload to a minimum, a technically
advanced suite of visual landing aids has been
incorporated, facilitating safe recovery of the
ships helicopter in all weathers and at night. A
hangar with maintenance platform accepts the
helicopter with rotors stowed.
Medium Frequency SonarMedium Frequency Sonar detects and
identifies underwater threats such as
submarines or mines.
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Fully IntegratedCommunications SystemFICS provides a comprehensive solution to
the Type 45s operational commmunication
requirements, including HF, VHF and UHF radio,
underwater telephone, internal telephones,
internal voice communications, main broadcast,
wire-free communications, recreational services,
a satellite communications interface, tactical
data links, formal and informal messaging and
data services.
Integrated Navigation SystemThe Integrated Bridge System comprises
navigation radars, an electronic chart, display
and information systems, inertial navigation
system and the data distribution sub-system.
Meteorological andOceanographic (METOC)SystemThe METOC system workstation collates,
displays and distributes environmental data to
the Type 45 Combat System. Informed by an
integrated suite of meteorological and subsea
sensors, satellite data and other information
sources, the system interfaces with the Data
Transfer, Navigation and Command Support
Systems and Fully Integrated Communications
System.
Electronic Warfare SystemsThe ships passive naval off-board decoy
system, RN Outfit DLF, is a rapid response
countermeasures system deploying a radiating
expendable inflatable floating seduction
decoy, effective against radar-guided anti ship
missiles. Sea Gnat RN Outfit DLH delivers
seduction or distraction decoy rounds such as
infrared flare and chaff. It will also deploy a new
Active Decoy Round (ADR) designed to counter
active radar homing anti-ship missiles.
A Radar Electronic Support Measures (RESM)
system features new signal processing
and emitter identification technology. This
radar-band detection system provides the
Type 45 with the ability to detect and identify
potentially hostile air and surface units in
advance of radar detection, complementing
IFFs ability to identify friendly units.
Incremental AcquisitionThe ship design has included some provision
for additional combat system capability.
Potential upgrades accommodated by the
provision of space and/or services include
a larger Main Gun or 16-cell Land Attack
Missile silo, Torpedo Launch Systems, Surface
Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD), a Phalanx
Inner Layer Defence System (ILDS) and a
Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC).
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Type 45 Joint Capability
TG ProtectionThe Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and
Amphibious Task Group (ATG) require Air
Defence (AD) Force Protection (FP) in any
situation where a credible threat of airborne
weapons exists (whether air, surface, land
or underwater launched), including the
asymmetric air threat. T45 will provide
dedicated Force AD and FP to High Value
Units (HVUs) and Mission Essential Units
(MEUs) against pop up/late unmasking threats,
long range missiles and during periods
where a fighter layer is unavailable. It will
therefore enable maritime force projection to
be delivered in increased threat areas and is
a critical enabler of Carrier Strike (CS) and
Littoral Manoeuvre.
Joint BattlespaceManagementAs joint operations and Network Enabled
Capability (NEC) enable the transition towards
a single integrated battlespace, the T45 will
be a key contributor towards provision of
positive, dynamic and procedural control of
the battlespace within the maritime/air/land
littoral seam. T45, with wide area organic
situational awareness through MFR/LRR,
integrated data exchange via Link 11/16/Co-
operative Engagement Capability (CEC) and
NEC C4 functionality associated with Joint
Command and Control Support Programme
(JC2SP), will be able to provide BM overland
from the sea (where topography allows).
Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition
and Reconnaissance (ISTAR), Defensive
Counter Air (DCA) and Close Air Support
CAS) assets acting in support
of a given mission can operate under the full
range of tactical control within an assigned
Battlespace Management Area (BMA) for all or
part of their mission. Tanker and ISTAR support
working in Direct Support (DS) could exploit
the protection offered by the Sea Viper Isoleth,
which can act as a safe haven for High Value
Airborne Assets.
Command HostingT45 provides the planning space, IT facilities
and communications to host a 1* Maritime
Battlestaff, Tailored JFACHQ or SF Component
Commander. For Small Scale operations
especially, T45 will be able to host the
Maritime Component Commander (MCC) or
Commander Task Group (CTG)/Commander
Task Unit (CTU) for the UK Joint Task Force
Commander (JTFC), or host elements of a Joint
Task Force HQ or scaleable Joint Force Air
Component HQ (afloat). In addition, T45 may
form part of a UK national component (possibly
as CTG, CTU, Sector Air Defence Commander
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(SADC) or ADC) or host the Composite Warfare
Commander (CWC) of a maritime coalition
force under the command of a Coalition JTFC.
In the post conflict phase of a Joint campaign,
T45 will offer the JTFC the opportunity to
reduce the military profile and footprint ashore
while retaining credible firepower and command
in theatre. This offers political choice, especially
in the early phases of a conflict.
UK DefenceMaintaining the integrity of UK airspace
entails the maintenance of a continuous RAP
and contingency plans for the interception
and possible destruction of renegade and
hostile aircraft. Connectivity and surveillance
capabilities of T45 will enable greater,
more integrated coverage than the RN has
historically managed to provide with previous
Air Defence platforms.
Embarked Military Force (EMF)An EMF increases the range of maritime and
joint operations with which the T45 may be
tasked. An EMF may support Power Projection
through Combat Operations against the land
and support Joint Operations, the protection of
UK entitled citizens, Non Combatant Evacuation
Operations (NEO), humanitarian operations,
disaster relief and defence diplomacy. The T45
will act as a Forward Operating Base (FOB) for
14 HQ Staff allowing them to plan and execute
operations by an EMF (potentially Special
Forces) and deploy and sustain 60 personnel,
and their equipment ashore, using ships boats
and/or organic or FOB helicopter(s).
AviationT45s war fighting capabilities will be enhanced
with the inclusion of an embarked flight
that is currently scaled to comprise a single
LYNX (Mk3 or Mk8) although the ship is also
configured to embark a MERLIN Mk1 flight.
In time, the deck will be authorised for a wide
range of other helicopters, including CHINOOK
and potentially Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV).
Deck lighting is NVG-compatible as are LED
Pilot Information Lights light panels around
the hangar screen and flight deck to assist the
pilots approach to the deck. The hangar can
accommodate 1 MERLIN or 2 LYNX and there
are several stores for items such as sonobuoys.
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Type 45 Joint Capability
ANTI SURFACEWARFARE(ASuW)/ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW)T45 is not a specialist ASuW/ASW platform.
Nonetheless, in common with other Destroyers
and Frigates, it is able to co-ordinate anti
surface attacks by other units and contribute to
these attacks using its own helicopter, either
as a targeting or missile-firing unit (LYNX).
A comprehensive tactical picture composed
of own sensor information and data received
from Tactical Data Links (TDLs) can be readily
compiled and T45 will be able to neutralise
small surface contacts, including Fast Inshore
Attack Craft, using Close Range Weapon
Systems. Provision has been made in the
design for surface-surface guided weapons
(SSGW) in the future. T45 has an underwater
warfare self defence capability to detect, track
and classify submarines and to detect mines
and torpedoes. This is achieved via Medium
Frequency Sonar (2091), Surface Ship Torpedo
Defence (2170) and helicopters for passive/
active sonar and hardkill ASW weapons.
NON COMBATANT EVACUATIONOPERATIONS (NEO)T45 may be involved either alone or as part of
a joint force in the protection and evacuation
of UK Citizens and other civilians from trouble
spots when airfields and commercial ports
are not available. Being self-sustaining, T45
will be able to contribute to these operations
with little or no in-country or host nation
support and will be able to respond rapidly to
any deterioration of the situation. T45 will be
able to embark a large number of evacuees
for short periods, providing them basic
accommodation, sustenance and
medical services. Even without taking
additional emergency measures, T45
design provides for accommodation
margin of 45, taking into account
an EMF of 30 persons. T45 has
the administrative and IT support
to act as an Evacuation Handling
Centre and is able to overload at
least 700 evacuees for up to 48 hours
and at least 200 for over 48 hours.
HUMANITARIAN AIDT45 may be required to contribute to
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
operations for periods of up to 72 hours without
external assistance or support. T45 will be
able to provide first aid humanitarian relief to
a community over a short period pending the
arrival of major relief efforts, including the
provision of hot food, potable water, medical
assistance (triage) and basic repair and essential
services. T45 should be able to land over 70%
of the Ships Company alongside or 50%
at anchor (dependant on prevailing
conditions) for disaster
relief or humanitarian
operations without
compromise to
ships safety.
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MEDICALT45 provides a Role 1 Medical Treatment
Facility (MTF) which provides primary health
care, specialised first aid, triage, resuscitation
and stabilisation. Included within the basic
Role 1 capabilities are: basic occupational
and preventative medical advice to the
chain of command, routine sick call and
the management of minor sick and injured
personnel for immediate return to duty, as
well as casualty collection from the point
of wounding and preparation of casualties
for evacuation to a higher level MTF.
Enhancement with a Surgical Team would
allow basic Role 2 capability to be provided.
MARITIME SECURITYOPERATIONS (MSO)T45 will be required to operate with other
military units to interdict shipping, enforce
embargoes and support civil authorities in UK
waters and overseas, in support of UK interests.
These operations involve surveillance,
co-ordination between units and the ability
to board vessels if necessary. The ability to
produce, collate and forward full operational
incident records in support of any subsequent
action is an essential factor in conducting these
operations. T45 will be able to stop and search
a wide-range of vessels in support of military
or civilian agencies and conduct compliant and
non-compliant boardings following appropriate
training. T45 is able to detain small numbers of
suspects for short periods pending delivery to
an appropriate law enforcement agency.
NAVAL FIRE SUPPORT (NFS)
T45 will contribute to NFS using Indirect or Direct gunfire from the 4.5 Mk8
Mod 1 Naval gun. It can operate within range of hostile shore-based Surface
to Surface missile batteries with Sea Viper providing automatic cover via
Reflex Action while simultaneously inserting troops by air or sea.
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Revolutionary integratedelectric propulsion
The Power System is effectively a sea-going
power station and enough generating capacity
is installed to power a city. The electric power
is used to drive two groups of consumers:
those dedicated to propelling the ship through
the water and the second group that comprises
the ships weapon and sensor systems and the
service systems that provide ventilation, fuel,
cooling water and domestic needs.
They meet
military shock
standards but
also achieve a
very high power
density when compared
with equivalent commercial
designs. Switchgear distributes
the power to the consumers, either at 4160V
AC to the VDM25000 propulsion
converters, or via transformers at 440V
and 115V AC to the ships weapon and service
systems.
The Type 45 is the first front-line warship in the world to be powered by an
Integrated Electric Propulsion (IEP) System comprising gas turbines and diesel-
driven generators, high-voltage switchgear, harmonic filters, transformers,
electronic power converters and advanced induction propulsion motors.
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Power system diagram
The electronic power converters provide variable
frequency supplies to the 100-tonne reversible
propulsion motors. These are directly coupled
to the propeller shafts, obviating the need for
traditional gearboxes or controllable pitch
propeller systems. Harmonic filters remove
unwanted distortion in the electrical supplies.
The Rolls Royce WR-21 is the first large
marine gas turbine to incorporate compressor
intercooling and exhaust heat recuperation
(IEP) technologies that deliver high efficiency
across the engines operating range.
A single gas turbine can power both propulsion
and hotel loads. This reduces whole life
costs, as the single gas turbine mode can be
employed for a considerable part of the ships
operating lives. It also means that either gas
turbine can drive either or both propellers.
The Diesel Generators provide electrical
power for ships services when in harbour.
A Platform Management System accessible
from 80 shipwide plug-in points facilitates
remote machinery control and surveillance and
damage control and surveillance.
The IEP system offers significant benefits to
the Royal Navy, including improved efficiency,
simplicity of operation for the crew and
reduced maintenance and hence cost over the
life of the ship.
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T45 has been constructed with power,
ventilation and space for future enhancement.
This reflects the need for great versatility to
meet the diverse range of roles that the ship
may be called on to perform. The following
capabilities could be fitted if required by UK
Defence:
Co-operative EngagementCapability (CEC)Utilising composite level plot data derived
from each participating sensor within the
force, it is a force multiplier and provides
significantly increased accuracy in Situational
Awareness, weapon effort planning, Combat
ID, platform survivability and Joint Air Defence.
Theatre Ballistic MissileDefence (TBMD)Whilst the T45 and Sea Viper are not
contracted to provide a TMD capability, there
is some evidence that the SAMPSON radar in
specific modes could be enhanced to provide
greater detection and/or warning of ballistic
threats.
Communication ElectronicSupport Measures (CESM)SHAMAN will be the maritime CESM
system fitted to the Type 45 destroyers and
Type 23 frigates from 2013. SHAMAN is
designed primarily to provide Fleet Indicators
and Warnings (I&W) as to any potential
adversarys intent.
Tomahawk Land AttackMissile (TLAM)Specific space and growth margins exist within
hull design to fit a modular 16 cell TLAM
Vertical Launch Silo (VLS) providing T45 with
a cost effective long range strike capability
upgrade if required by UK defence.
The Type 45 Destroyer is a futuristic-looking surface warship purpose-designed to
meet the needs of the Royal Navy today, tomorrow and for the next 30 years.
A platform for the future
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Type 45 with Type 42 overlayed in red
Fireshadow LoiteringMunition (LM)LMs are launched into the air and provide a
persistent loitering capability whilst targets
are tracked/identified. On operator command,
LMs can be authorised to engage and execute
a terminal dive. The Fireshadow design is
compatible with the space envelope of T45s
Sylver VLS.
Naval Fire Support (NFS)EnhancementT45 design includes provision for upgrade to
a 6/155mm gun. This would have the triple
advantages of increased range, firepower and
commonality with UK land artillery systems
and projectiles.
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Type 45
...World-leading littoral air defence
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